Θηριώδεις καὶ νοσηματώδεις : Comportements contre nature en Éthique à Nicomaque 1148b 15-1149a 20

Stephane MERCIER 한국서양고전학회 2013 西洋古典學硏究 Vol.52 No.-

Aristotle describes the three good states of character in terms of virtue, continence and superhuman virtue. In book VII of the Nicomachean Ethics he examines the bad state of character that is opposed to continence (egkrateia), and is therefore termed as incontinence (akrasia). Yet the very meaning of this concept needs to be understood properly, and the Philosopher makes every effort to define precisely what it means to be “incontinent,” and what kind of excess this bad state of character is concerned with. Yet it is obvious that our use of words can be at odds with technical accuracy, and Aristotle takes great pains to take those variations into account so that he can provide us with a general framework that is both precise and likely to account for the way we speak in daily life. Incontinence properly understood has to do with a lack of self-control applied to bodily pleasures such as food and sex. Aristotle then opposes such “plain” incontinence-which is thus concerned with the same objects as temperance (sophrosune) and self-indulgence or licentiousness (akolasia)- to two other kinds of incontinence “by metaphor:” one that has nothing to do with the usual objects of temperance and intemperance on the one side (honor and wealth for example), and one that has to do with bodily pleasures but exceeds the limits of human morality on the other side. That is because when we speak of akrasia we sometimes mean some state of mind that does not fit exactly the definition of “plain” incontinence; and such use has to be accounted for. Hence Aristotle’s terming this broader use of the word as incontinence “by metaphor.” Both kinds of incontinence by metaphor differ thus from each other and from plain incontinence, and are to be investigated in turn. After having dealt with the first kind of incontinence by metaphor in 1147b 20-1148b 14 of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle examines the second kind of incontinence by metaphor in 1148b 15-1149a 20-the latter section being the main focus of the present essay. More precisely, this case of incontinence by metaphor is related to incontinence because both concern bodily pleasures, yet it is said to be “by metaphor” owing to the fact that the kind of bodily pleasures it is concerned with are abnormal and inhuman. Hence the cause of such incontinence is described as brutishness or as a state that arises as a result of a disease. The general meaning of the text as a whole is plain, yet difficulties arise when one delves into the details of Aristotle’s explanations, for he approaches the problem from various angles and feels rather free in his use of key concepts of his philosophical vocabulary (especially that of phusis). The examples he provides are sometimes quite elliptic, and their meaning needs to be elaborated upon so that they can be understood properly. This essay is concerned with the clarification of such details in order to provide the reader of the Nicomachean Ethics with a sound understanding of this section on morally diseased and brutish states. Several commentaries by Greek and Latin interpreters from the Middle Ages (the anonymous Byzantine commentator of Book VII, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas) are examined all the way through, for their own reception of the text helps shed some light on the whole passage. Their comments, together with more recent observations from nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars, allow us to get a better grasp of both Aristotle’s text and how it was read and understood (or misunderstood) by earlier interpreters.

Stoics and Confucians on their Way to Sagehood A Westerner’s Further Reading of the Zhongyong

Stephane Mercier 한국서양고전학회 2014 西洋古典學硏究 Vol.53 No.3

While the purpose of the Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) extends far beyond the moral realm and embraces political issues and metaphysical purposes, the present essay focuses on the ethical side of the treatise. It suggests the possibility of a comparison between several issues of the Zhongyong and Western considerations about shaping the moral self, especially within the Stoic tradition in ancient Rome. Although different in purpose and grounded in quite alien worldviews, both traditions can meet through dialogue as they share somewhat similar beliefs about virtue, the essence of wisdom and the moral training of individuals toward virtue. Recent comparative studies have already drawn bridges between Stoicism on the one side, and Daoism or Buddhism on the other side, yet Stoicism and Confucianism have scarcely been studied together until now. After a short summary of that treatise, this paper shall examine the links to be drawn between ancient (mostly) Stoic philosophy and the Confucian teaching of Zisi in several chapters of the Zhongyong (14-15 and 17-19). The present paper wishes but to suggest ways of addressing issues relevant to both traditions, especially 1/ the fact that virtuous people endure hardships (Zhongyong 14); 2/ that virtue is within everyone’s reach, but not effortlessly (Zhongyong 15); 3/ the link between virtue and success (Zhongyong 17); and 4/ the precedence among virtues (Zhongyong 18-19).

Hagiography in the West and the Bollandists : An Overview

Stéphane Mercier 수원교회사연구소 2014 교회사학 Vol.0 No.11

이 논문은 서양 성인전기학(聖人傳記學)의 발전에 볼랑디스트(Bollandists)가 기여한 업적들과 그들의 활동 역사를 집중적으로 소개하는 짧은 글이다. 이와 관련해서, 이글은 1,600여 년에 걸쳐 만들어진 성인전 관련 문헌들과 17세기 초 로스웨이드가 내놓은 시발적인 작업 이후에 볼랑이 영성 전기 총서를 집성하는 과정에서 저 유명한 《성인 열전》(Acta Sanctorum)을 어떤 방식으로 기획했는지를 밝혔다. 이 글은 크게는 가톨릭의 영성 신학의 맥락 안에서 과학으로서 성인전기학에 대한 몇 개의 주석에 해당하는 해명을 덧붙였다. 아쉽지만, 총서의 운명에 대해서는 이 글에서는 다루지 못했다. 이는 후속 연구에서 상세하게 소개하겠다. This short essay focuses on the work of the Bollandists and their contribution to the evolution of hagiography in the Western world. It shows how Bollandus himself, after sixteen centuries of hagiographical literature and Rosweydus’ initial draft, planned the famed Acta Sanctorum series in the wake of previous collections of spiritual biographies. The fate of the collection is examined next; and the paper concludes with a few notes about hagiography qua science within the larger framework of Catholic spiritual theology.

(Intimating) Intimacy and Scandal in Singles Inferno: Tracing the Tension between Global Formats and Cultural Norms in Korean Reality Dating Programs

Faye Mercier 연세대학교 영어영문학과 BK21 Plus 사업단 2023 Situations: Cultural Studies in the Asian Context Vol.16 No.1

“This does not feel like a Korean dating show!” Host Hong Jin-Kyung’s introduction to Netflix’s newest Korean reality series, Singles Inferno [솔로지옥] (2021), takes care to single out the show’s “foreign” feel. This “foreignness” stems in part from the show’s provocative premise, placing several attractive singles on a deserted island where they will battle it out in a competition for romance. Echoing popular global reality formats from Love Island to The Bachelor in Paradise, the supposed “foreignness” of Singles Inferno evokes not only popular Western reality television conventions but also emphasizes the sexual and scandalous content for which these series are famed. And yet, despite these sensationalistic hints that the show will be unlike any other Korean reality series to date, Singles Inferno remains a largely conservative and uncontroversial production, where intimacy is intimated but never realized. This paper examines the seemingly contradictory endeavor of the series in seeking to deliver the excitement, drama, and scandal associated with global reality dating series while preserving the traditional morals and conservative norms that continue to define Korean television production. While the show itself manages this balancing act through editing and panel commentary, I will also make the case that the attempt to reconcile moral conservatism and neoliberal competition causes new forms of scandal to arise. These tensions surrounding the process of localization also point to larger discussions around the power dynamics at work within a media context defined increasingly by the use of content as a platform.

Dreaming of China in Eighteenth-Century France

Anne Marie Mercier Faivre 서강대학교 철학연구소 2009 철학논집 Vol.17 No.-

세계화 과정 속 디지털 문화 현상으로서의 한류

홍석경(Seok-Kyeong HONG-MERCIER) 서울대학교 언론정보연구소 2013 언론정보연구 Vol.50 No.1

디지털 문화의 발전은 전 세계의 모든 콘텐츠를 문화소비의 일차자료가 될 수 있게 만들었고, 이러한 매체정경은 세계화 과정 속에서 새로운 문화실천의 계기를 생산하고 있다. 이 논문은 동아시아를 넘어서서 세계 속으로 유통되는 한류현상을 이해하기 위해 필요하다고 생각되는 다음과 같은 네 가지 화두를 제시했다. ① 한류 중심의 동아시아 정체성 논의에서 벗어나기, ② 서구 중심의 프로그램 ‘질(Quality)’ 논의에서 벗어나기, ③ 북미 중심의 문화산업 논의에서 벗어나기, ④ 문화실천과 사회변동에 대한 부르디외식 사회학에 문제제기하기. ①은 동아시아 내부의 초국적 문화소비를 통해 상대적 동질성을 강조하는 정체성 논의에서 동아시아와 동아시아 밖의 ‘타자’와의 관계로 정체성 논의의 축을 바꿔야 함을 주장한다. ②와 ③은 서구 연구자들이 서구의 사례로만 보편적 연구담론을 생산하던 지금까지의 관행에 대한 직접적인 비판으로, 진정한 ‘보편적’ 커뮤니케이션 연구와 이론화를 위해서는 서구 중심적인 ‘질’ 개념에서 벗어나 동아시아의 문화산업에 대한 정당한 관심을 보이고 연구해야 한다고 주장했다. 디지털 문화가 가져온 문화실천 논리의 변화에 대한 ④는 앞으로 방대한 현장연구를 통해 얻어지는 객관적 데이터를 통해 관련된 각 사회 내부에서 검증해 나가야 할 것이다. 이러한 문제제기는 단지 한류를 연구하는 동아시아의 연구자들에게만 해당되는 것이 아니라 디지털 문화가 매개하는 세계화 과정 속 문화실천의 변동을 연구하는 모든 커뮤니케이션 연구자들에게 해당되는 연구문제다. This article proposes four theoretical investigations necessary for understanding Hallyu consumptions observed in the world beyond East Asia. (1) Liberating the East Asian identity discussion from the Hallyu discourse; (2) Reconsidering the Western?oriented programs ‘Quality’ discourse; (3) Free the cultural industries discussion from the North America centred view; (4) Requestioning Bourdieusian theories on the cultural practices and social change. (1) argues the necessity of position changes considering cultural identity of the East Asia: from the discussions on the cultural “Sameness” developed from observations on the translational cultural consumption within the East Asia into the discourses of identity in relation to the “Otherness” based on the global contents flow. (2) and (3) are the critics on the Western researchers studies focused on the Western cases. It is argued that we must consider beyond the Eurocentric concept of ‘Program Quality’ and show a legitimate interest on the cultural industries in East Asia in order to develop a ‘Universal’ communication research and theories. Proposition (4) considers the emerging logic of cultural practice under the changes made by digital culture. These theoretical investigations interpellate not only the Est Asian researchers studying Hallyu but also all communication researchers questioning the changes in the cultural practice under the digital culture parameters in the process of globalization.

Wireless Power Transfer With Concurrent 200-kHz and 6.78-MHz Operation in a Single-Transmitter Device

Dukju Ahn,Mercier, Patrick P. IEEE 2016 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS - Vol.31 No.7

<P>This paper proposes a wireless power transfer (WPT) transmitter that can concurrently operate at 200 kHz and 6.78 MHz in order to simultaneously power two receivers operating with different frequency standards. Unlike a dual-resonant single-coil design, the use of two separate coils decouples the design for one frequency from the other, enabling independent selection of inductance and Q-factor to simultaneously maximize efficiency at both frequencies. The two coils then support separate coil drivers, enabling concurrent multistandard operation. Dual-band operation is achieved in the same area as an equivalent single-band design by placing a low-frequency coil within the geometry of a high-frequency coil, where the outer diameter of inner coil is sacrificed only by 1.2 cm in a 12.5 × 8.9-cm<SUP>2</SUP> design. Circuit analysis is presented to identify the eddy current between the two Tx coils and its associated loss, after which an eddy-current filter design is proposed. To validate the proposed design, a dual-mode transmitter, along with two receivers designed at 6.78 MHz and 200 kHz, respectively, have been fabricated. At 25-mm separation, the system is able to simultaneously deliver 9 and 7.4 W with efficiencies of 78% and 70.6% at 6.78 MHz and 200 kHz, respectively.</P>

Effect of short chain aliphatic carboxylic acids for sorption of uranyl on rutile Zeta potential and in situ ATR-FTIR studies

B.K. Singh,F. Mercier-Bion,G. Lefevre,E. Simoni 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.35 No.-

Migration of radionuclides in aqueous system is a matter of great environmental concern due to theiracute and long-term toxicity. This study seeks to address the sorption of uranyl on rutile in presence ofshort-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids by zeta potential analysis and in situ ATR-IR spectroscopy. Point ofzero charge of rutile was significantly shifted with the addition of carboxylic acids/uranyl ions separatelyin solution but it was negligible when organics and uranyl ions were added in the suspension. In situ ATRIRdata for uranyl sorption was evidenced by an absorption band of uranyl as(UO2) at 915 cm 1.

A Contemporary History of North Korea

Daniel Schwekendiek,Nova Mercier 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2016 Asian Women Vol.32 No.4

The breakdown of the public distribution system in North Korea and the famine of the 1990s made way for citizen-led grassroots marketization as a means of survival. A confluence of several factors including the skewed ratio of males in official jobs, the state-sanctioned role of women as housewives and mothers, mandatory military service for males and the predominance of females in the light industry and service sectors allowed women greater opportunity to participate in this burgeoning market economy. An understudied aspect of this new phenomenon is if regional discrepancies in North Korea affect the role of women in the markets. While large regional socioeconomic differences do exist in North Korea, previous studies only used haphazard samples of refugees who were coming primarily from the Northeastern province close to China. Through semi-structured, open-ended oral history interviews with five female refugees coming from different regions of North Korea, this study paid special attention to women who witnessed changes in several provinces, including the capital. The findings here are that while some disparities certainly exist across regions, the urban/rural gap is more pronounced. This study also confirmed that despite being “double victims” of both state marginalization and social discrimination, North Korean women are now the primary breadwinners for the nuclear family―challenging the traditional gender roles as a result of this nationwide market participation.

Protein interaction with bioactive polymers grafted onto titanium surface

Anouk GALTAYRIES,Hamza CHOUIRFA,Dimitri MERCIER,Celine FALENTIN-DAUDRE,Veronique MIGONNEY 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8