FREE TRADE, LEGITIMACY AND THE WTO

Mensah Eugene Kwadwo 전남대학교 법학연구소 2011 법학논총 Vol.31 No.3

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Industrialization, the Developmental State in the 21st Century and International Trade: The Chinese State, Modernization of the Chinese Motor Vehicle Industry and the WTO

Mensah Eugene Kwadwo 전남대학교 법학연구소 2014 법학논총 Vol.34 No.2

In the 20th century, late industrializing States such as Japan, South Korea andTaiwan used State policy to intervene in their domestic economies to quicken the paceof their industrializations. Such States have been called developmental States. However,since the late 20th century, international economic policy has been generally unsympatheticto such interventions. In fact the World Trade Organization - the WTO - hasbeen set up to minimize such interventions in international trade. How should a lateindustrializing State act to promote industrialization in such an environment?When China embarked on its economic reforms in the late 1970s, it was a lateindustrializer. China adopted its version of the developmental model to accelerate itsindustrialization drive and to develop an internationally competitive motor vehicleindustry. However, unlike the old development States like Japan, South Korea andTaiwan, China did not have the financial wherewithal to embark on old styledevelopmentalism. However, using the strong desire of auto MNCs to enter the hugeChinese domestic market as its major trump card, China pioneered a new developmentalmodel in which the State has used its power and leverage to engagemultinational capital to participate in its industrialization and development. By andlarge, China has been successful in this endeavor. By the1990s, China felt that it had to join the WTO if it was to gain the full benefitsof its economic reforms,. Consequently, China joined the WTO in 2001. Joining theWTO did not dampen China’s desire to use the developmental model to accelerate itsindustrialization drive. Joining the WTO, however, meant that China would have totamper down this desire because the WTO eschews the developmental model as the basis of economic decision making. The conflict between China’s developmentalismand the WTO’s objective of reducing developmentalism in international trade policywas at the heart of the dispute, China – Measures Affecting Imports of AutomobileParts. In that case, the WTO Panel and the Appeals Body vindicating the WTO’s freer traderemit ruled that, China had used illegal protectionist measures to protect its domesticindustry. That decision was right because when a country joins the WTO it pledges not to implement protectionist measures that discriminate against foreign goods. However,this decision makes it more difficult for late industrializing States to use developmentalmechanisms to fast track their industrialization drives.

Graphene-reinforced elastomeric nanocomposites: A review

Mensah, Bismark,Gupta, Kailash Chandra,Kim, Hakhyun,Wang, Wonseok,Jeong, Kwang-Un,Nah, Changwoon Elsevier 2018 POLYMER TESTING -LONDON- Vol.68 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The development of graphene nanosheets and/or their derivatives (GSDs) has sparkled worldwide overwhelming industrial and academic research interests, due to their unique and potentially useful properties. This review is written to highlight the state of art of GSDs/elastomer nanocomposites and their applications in various fields of technologies. It begins with reviewing the recent progress made in GSDs/elastomer nanocomposites in comparison to elastomer nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes. The role of GSDs structures, functionalization, type of matrices, and content of fillers on properties of GSDs/elastomer composites has been reviewed systematically. The basic properties of various GSDs/elastomer nanocomposites including; morphology, curing behavior, mechanical properties such as Young's modulus (E), tensile strength (σ<SUB>s</SUB>) and elongation at break (E<SUB>b</SUB>), electrical percolation threshold, and thermal stability have been discussed in details. Finally, an attempt has been made to identify the critical challenges, which still need to be addressed for improving the processing of GSDs/elastomer nanocomposites and to explore their prospects for advanced applications. The article has been concluded by summarizing the key facts of GSDs that play significant role in developing GSDs/elastomer nanocomposites for technological applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This review article covers every aspect of elastomer nanocomposites based on graphenes and graphenes derivatives(GSD). </LI> <LI> Characterization of GSD structure, morphology functionalization, matrix type, and various properties of GSD/elastomer composite have been systematically reviewed. </LI> <LI> Challenges for further improving the processing of GSD/elastomeric nanocomposites and for exploring future advanced applications of elastomer nanocomposites.. </LI> </UL> </P>

Emerging Foodborne Diseases: What we know so far

Mensah, Dylis-Judith Fafa,Ofosu, Fred Kwame The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2020 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.35 No.1

식중독(식품 매개 질병)은 전 세계적으로 심각한 공중보건 문제와 경제적 손실을 초래한다. 최근 몇 년 간 새로이 발생한 식중독은 주로 동식물에서 유래하는 새로운 박테리아, 바이러스, 원생 동물, 곰팡이독, 그리고 프리온에서 발생했다. 유해 박테리아, 바이러스, 기생충 또는 화학 물질이나 자연 발생 독소 등으로 오염된 불안전한 음식의 섭취는 질병의 발병률과 사망률을 높인다. 그러나 특정 병원성 또는 화학적 위험요인, 불충분한 보고 사례, 감염 전염 방식 및 시기 진단 등에 대한 식품 소재 귀인(歸因)의 어려움 때문에 식중독의 발병률과 부담을 추정하는 것은 전 세계적으로 큰 도전이며 식중독을 통제하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 그러므로 종합적인 식품 안전 전략 및 정책의 시행, 관리 감독 강화, 탄력적인 건강 시스템 보장, 안전한 식품 보장 및 식품 매개 질병 예방을 위한 교육 및 훈련 강화에 대해 모두가 책임져야 한다. Foodborne diseases (FBD) pose significant public health problems and economic losses worldwide. In recent years, emerging foodborne diseases have resulted mainly from novel bacteria, viruses, protozoa, mycotoxins, prions in animal and plant sources. The consumption of unsafe food contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical agents or naturally occurring toxins results in high morbidity and mortality. However, estimating the incidence and burden of FBD is a huge global challenge due to the difficulty in food source attribution to specific pathogenic or chemical hazards, underreported cases, diagnosing how infections are transmitted or when a person is infected are not well understood and thus makes the control of FBD very challenging. Therefore, implementing comprehensive food safety strategies and policies, enhancing surveillance, ensuring resilient health system, and intensifying education and training to ensure safe food and prevent foodborne diseases is everybody's responsibility.

Pilot Contamination Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Multi-Antenna Users

Kwadwo Mensah Obeng Afrane,Prince Anokye,Kyoung-Jae Lee 한국통신학회 2024 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.1

Peak and Annual Snow Load Pattern for Effective Snow Melting System Design in Republic of Korea

Kwesi Mensah,최종민 대한설비공학회 2015 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.23 No.4

Snowstorm, slippery pedestrian walkways, ice and snow on pavement and roofs of structures continue to serve as a threat to life and infrastructure in many low temperature nations. Owing to these menaces coupled with an increase in the demand and cost of energy globally, engineers and planners are tasked to design effective and efficient green technologies to counterbalance these demands. Snow melting systems are gradually gaining widespread application in the areas of bridge, pavements and roofs of buildings. Snow melting loads are an integral part in the design of snow melting systems. This paper developed snow melting and roof snow building load for the Republic of Korea. Annual averages and frequency distribution methods were used in the analysis of a 10-year period weather data. Monthly total as well as peak snowfall rate values were used to generate annual and peak snow melting load values, respectively. It was observed that the annualaverage approach is more conservative for most climatic conditions than the frequency analysis method. Minimum flat roof snow building loads were presented to aid in the structural analysis of structures within the Republic of Korea. The developed database in this paper will provide the database for designing a snow melting system and for analyzing the building structural interpretation considering snow weight.

지중열교환기의 고밀도폴리에틸렌 배관 형상에 따른 열전달 성능 특성에 대한 수치해석적 연구

Kwesi Mensah,최종민(Jong Min Choi) 한국지열·수열에너지학회 2016 한국지열에너지학회논문집 Vol.12 No.4

A ground source heat pump (GSHP) system is recommended as a heating and cooling system to solve the pending energy problem in the field of air conditioning, because it has the highest efficiency. However, higher initial construction cost works as a barrier to the promotion and dissemination of GSHP system. In this study, numerical analysis on the characteristics of high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe with spiral inside was executed. The heat transfer and flow characteristics of it were compared with those of a conventional smooth HDPE pipe. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of the spiral HDPE pipe were higher than those of the smooth HDPE pipes at the same fluid flow rate. By decreasing the flow rate, the spiral HDPE pipe represented similar values of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop to the smooth HDPE pipe. The lower flow rate of the spiral HDPE pipe comparing with it of the smooth HDPE pipe is estimated to reduce the length of the ground loop heat exchanger.

Gold functionalized-graphene oxide-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites for piezoresistive and piezoelectric applications

Bismark Mensah,Dinesh Kumar,Gi-Bbeum Lee,Joohye Won,Kailash Chandra Gupta,Changwoon Nah 한국탄소학회 2018 Carbon Letters Vol.25 No.-

Gold functionalized graphene oxide (GOAu) nanoparticles were reinforced in acrylonitrilebutadiene rubbers (NBR) via solution and melt mixing methods. The synthesized NBR-GOAu nanocomposites have shown significant improvements in their rate of curing, mechanical strength, thermal stability and electrical properties. The homogeneous dispersion of GOAu nanoparticles in NBR has been considered responsible for the enhanced thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of NBR nanocomposites. In addition, the NBR-GOAu nanocomposites were able to show a decreasing trend in their dielectric constant (ε´) and electrical resistance on straining within a range of 10–70%. The decreasing trend in ε´ is attributed to the decrease in electrode and interfacial polarization on straining the nanocomposites. The decreasing trend in electrical resistance in the nanocomposites is likely due to the attachment of Au nanoparticles to the surface of GO sheets which act as electrical interconnects. The Au nanoparticles have been proposed to function as ball rollers in-between GO nanosheets to improve their sliding on each other and to improve contacts with neighboring GO nanosheets, especially on straining the nanocomposites. The NBR-GOAu nanocomposites have exhibited piezoelectric gauge factor (GFε´) of ~0.5, and piezo-resistive gauge factor (GFR) of ~0.9 which clearly indicated that GOAu reinforced NBR nanocomposites are potentially useful in fabrication of structural, high temperature responsive, and stretchable strain-sensitive sensors.

Performance Assessment of Refrigeration Systems for Internet Data Centers

Kwesi Mensah,Selorm Kwaku Anka,Jong Min Choi 대한설비공학회 2020 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.6

A significant amount of the total energy consumption in internet data centers is associated with the cooling systems being used in these facilities. One major reason for the high energy consumption of cooling systems for data centers is the 365 day continual operation of such units despite the annual weather and seasonal changes. Minimizing the cooling system’s energy consumption by the introduction of new mechanical energy efficient technologies, as well as redesigning of conventional system components coupled with advanced controls are just a few of research focuses for engineers, designers and researchers in this field of study. In this study, a cooling system that employs indirectly, the concept of utilizing the low temperature ambient air for cooling during low outdoor temperature seasons is introduced. The performance of the designed cooling system is investigated under varying operating conditions and the result is compared with that of a conventional cooling system for internet data centers. The experimental results indicates that the newly proposed system can save large amount of the seasonal and annual cooling energy as compared with the conventional system operating at the same conditions.

Study on the Thermal Stability of a Constant Temperature and Humidity Chamber

Kwesi Mensah,Samuel Boahen,Jong Min Choi 대한설비공학회 2018 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

Modern climatic chambers for temperature and humidity simulations are operated over a wide range of environmental test conditions such as a temperature (-70 ℃ to 200 ℃) and a relative humidity (10% RH to 98%RH) for biological items and industrial products. The stability and fluctuation control of these thermal-environmental conditions are critical for the preservation of the test specimen and products. Even though climatic test chambers are found in many industries and companies, rare literature and data is found on the experimental investigation of the stability of these climatic test chambers. In this study, an experimental investigation on the possibility of minimizing fluctuations and ensuring stability, by the adoption of a variable speed compressor to the refrigerating unit of a 400-Liter temperature and humidity chamber is carried out. It is found that, adopting a variable speed compressor to the refrigeration unit has a significant potential to ensure stability of climatic chambers with an added advantage of energy savings for a given operating and surrounding conditions.