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Mendel, Jerry M. Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.14 No.1
This paper presents a novel method for simultaneously and automatically choosing the nonlinear structures of regressors or discriminant functions, as well as the number of terms to include in a rule-based regression model or pattern classifier. Variables are first partitioned into subsets each of which has a linguistic term (called a causal condition) associated with it; fuzzy sets are used to model the terms. Candidate interconnections (causal combinations) of either a term or its complement are formed, where the connecting word is AND which is modeled using the minimum operation. The data establishes which of the candidate causal combinations survive. A novel theoretical result leads to an exponential speedup in establishing this.
Friedman, Mendel,Levin, Carol E.,Lee, Seung-Un,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Lee, In-Seon,Byun, Jae-Oke,Kozukue, Nobuyuki American Chemical Society 2009 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.57 No.13
<P>Tomato plants (<I>Lycopersicon esculentum</I>) synthesize the glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and α-tomatine, possibly as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. Six green and three red tomato extracts were investigated for their ability to induce cell death in human cancer and normal cells using a microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Compared to untreated controls, the high-tomatine green tomato extracts strongly inhibited the following human cancer cell lines: breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), gastric (AGS), and hepatoma (liver) (HepG2), as well as normal human liver cells (Chang). There was little inhibition of the cells by the three low-tomatine red tomato extracts. Cell death induced by the pure glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and α-tomatine isolated from green tomatoes and characterized by HPLC, GC, and GC-MS, as well as their respective aglycones tomatidenol and tomatidine, was also evaluated. α-Tomatine was highly effective in inhibiting all of the cell lines. Dehydrotomatine, tomatidenol, and tomatidine had little, if any, effect on cell inhibition. The results show that the susceptibility to destruction varies with the nature of the alkaloid and plant extract and the type of cancer cell. These findings extend related observations on the anticarcinogenic potential of glycoalkaloids and suggest that consumers may benefit by eating not only high-lycopene red tomatoes but also green tomatoes containing glycoalkaloids. Possible mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic and other beneficial effects and the significance of the cited observations for breeding improved tomatoes and for the human diet are discussed.</P>
Jerry M. Mendel 한국지능시스템학회 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.14 No.1
This paper presents a novel method for simultaneously and automatically choosing the nonlinear structures of regressors or discriminant functions, as well as the number of terms to include in a rule-based regression model or pattern classifier. Variables are first partitioned into subsets each of which has a linguistic term (called a causal condition) associated with it; fuzzy sets are used to model the terms. Candidate interconnections (causal combinations) of either a term or its complement are formed, where the connecting word is AND which is modeled using the minimum operation. The data establishes which of the candidate causal combinations survive. A novel theoretical result leads to an exponential speedup in establishing this.
Sungmin Lee,Lisa Lucks Mendel 한국언어재활사협회 2016 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.1 No.1
Purpose: Maximizing speech perception for cochlear implant (CI) users can be achieved by adjusting mapping parameters. The object of this study was to investigate optimal sets of parameters of stimulation rate and the number of maxima in the CI system. Methods: Listeners’ consonant and vowel perception was measured for different combinations of the number of maxima and stimulation rate using cochlear implant simulated stimuli. Twelve sets of speech stimuli were systematically created by changing the number of maxima and stimulus rate and were presented to 18 listeners with normal hearing. Results: The group mean percent correct scores indicated only two pairs of parameter combinations showed significantly different results. A rate of 1,800 pps and 6 maxima resulted in significantly better consonant performance compared to a rate of 500 pps and 20 maxima. In addition, the 900 pps/8 maxima condition was significantly better compared to 500 pps/20 maxima for the vowel test. Analysis of listeners’ confusion patterns revealed they were more likely to make perception errors for the consonants /ð/, /l/, and /r/ and for the vowels /∧/, /e/, /æ/, and /ɛ/. Information transmission analysis indicated that, among other features, the voicing feature was transmitted best for consonant recognition and the backness feature was the most transmitted for vowel recognition. Conclusions: The results of this study using vocoded speech with listeners with normal hearing contribute to a better understanding of CI users’ confusion patterns and possible ways to optimize cochlear implant signal processing strategies.
Stefan Schwan,C. Ludtka,A. Friedmann,T. Mendel,H. J. Meisel,A. Heilmann,I. Kaden,F. Goehre 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2017 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.14 No.6
Autologous disc cell transplantation (ADCT) is a cell-based therapy aiming to initiate regeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue, but little is known about potential risks. This study aims to investigate the presence of structural phenomena accompanying the transformation process after ADCT treatment in IVD disease. Structural phenomena of ADCT-treated patients (Group 1, n = 10) with recurrent disc herniation were compared to conventionally-treated patients with recurrent herniation (Group 2, n = 10) and patients with a first-time herniation (Group 3, n = 10). For ethical reasons, a control group of ADCT patients who did not have a recurrent disc herniation was not possible. Tissue samples were obtained via micro-sequestrectomy after disc herniation and analyzed by micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and histology in terms of calcification zones, tissue structure, cell density, cell morphology, and elemental composition. The major differentiator between sample groups was calcium microcrystal formation in all ADCT samples, not found in any of the control group samples, which may indicate disc degradation. The incorporation of mineral particles provided clear contrast between the different materials and chemical analysis of a single particle indicated the presence of magnesium-containing calcium phosphate. As IVD calcification is a primary indicator of disc degeneration, further investigation of ADCT and detailed investigations assessing each patient’s Pfirrmann degeneration grade following herniation is warranted. Structural phenomena unique to ADCT herniation prompt further investigation of the therapy’s mechanisms and its effect on IVD tissue. However, the impossibility of a perfect control group limits the generalizable interpretation of the results.
Kim, Sung Phil,Lee, Sang Jong,Nam, Seok Hyun,Friedman, Mendel Begell House Inc. 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS Vol.19 No.4
<P>This study investigated the suppressive mechanisms of an extract from bioprocessed Lentinus edodes mycelial liquid culture supplemented with turmeric (bioprocessed Curcuma longa extract [BPCLE]) against murine salmonellosis. The BPLCE extract from the bioprocessed mycelia of the Salmonella Typhimurium into murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, elimination of intracellular bacteria, and elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Dietary administration of BPCLE activated leukocytes from the mice infected with Salmonella through the intraperitoneal route. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the cytokines produced by splenocytes from infected mice showed significant increases in the levels of T(h)1 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12. Histology showed that dietary administration of BPCLE protected against necrosis of the liver resulting from a sublethal dose of Salmonella. In addition, the treatment (1) extended the lifespan of lethally infected mice, (2) suppressed the invasion of Salmonella into human Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, (3) increased excretion of the bacterium in the feces, (4) suppressed the translocation of the Salmonella to internal organs, and (5) increased total immunoglobulin A in both serum and intestinal fluids. BPCLE protected the mice against salmonellosis via cooperative effects that include the upregulation of the T(h)1 immune reaction, prevention of translocation of bacteria across the intestinal epithelial cells, and increased immunoglobulin A production in serum and intestinal fluids.</P>
Choi, Suk-Hyun,Kim, Hyen-Ryung,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Lee, In-Seon,Kozukue, Nobuyuki,Levin, Carol E.,Friedman, Mendel American Chemical Society 2011 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.59 No.24
<P>Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants synthesize nutrients, pigments, and bioactive compounds that benefit nutrition and human health. The nature and concentrations of these compounds are strongly influenced by varietal factors such as size and color as well as by processing. To better understand how these factors affect the concentration of nutrients and bioactive compounds, we analyzed 11 Korean tomato varieties grown under the same greenhouse conditions and 13 processed commercial tomato products for free amino acids and amino acid metabolites by HPLC, for individual phenolics by HPLC-MS, for total phenolics by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, for antioxidative activity by the FRAP and DPPH methods, and for cancer cell-inhibiting effects by the MTT assay. We also determined the protein content of the tomatoes by an automated Kjeldahl method. The results show that there is a broad range of bioactive compounds across tomato varieties and products. Small tomatoes had higher contents of bioactive compounds than the large ones. The content of phenolic compounds of processed products was lower than that of fresh tomatoes. Tomato extracts promoted growth in normal liver (Chang) cells, had little effect in normal lung (Hel299) cells, mildly inhibited growth of lung cancer (A549) cells, and first promoted and then, at higher concentrations, inhibited growth in lymphoma (U937) cells. The relationship of cell growth to measured constituents was not apparent. Dietary and health aspects of the results are discussed.</P>