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Improving the Image of Construction Industry in Selecting Mitigation Capital Projects
Cindy L. Menches,Dae Young Kim,Won-Sang Shin,Chang-Baek Son 한국산업정보학회 2014 한국산업정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.1
Annually, the U.S. government provides millions of dollars in capital improvement projects to agencies in order to reduce losses associated with natural disasters. To be eligible for federal funding, a project must be “cost effective” as demonstrated through a benefit-cost analysis (BCA). To establish the “cost” used in the analysis, an engineer must define the scope of work, perform preliminary engineering, and develop an estimated project cost. This preliminary project development work must be funded up-front by the requesting agency, but, ideally, agencies would like to know before they authorize development funds whether the proposed mitigation project is likely to be cost effective. This paper examines indicators that can be used to investigate a project’s cost effectiveness prior to authorizing preliminary development funds. The indicators include project useful life, mitigation project cost, and recurrence interval of the disaster. An equation was developed to represent the expected benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine how sensitive the BCR was to changes in each indicator. These indicators can be used by agencies to determine whether to proceed with preliminary project development. Ultimately, this paper may contribute to improving the image of construction industry by providing simplified cost effective indicators.
Strategies for genetic manipulation of adult stem cell-derived organoids
Menche Constantin,Farin Henner F. 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-
Organoid technology allows the expansion of primary epithelial cells from normal and diseased tissues, providing a unique model for human (patho)biology. In a three-dimensional environment, adult stem cells self-organize and differentiate to gain tissue-specific features. Accessibility to genetic manipulation enables the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate regulation, cell differentiation and cell interactions. In recent years, powerful methodologies using lentiviral transgenesis, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and single-cell readouts have been developed to study gene function and carry out genetic screens in organoids. However, the multicellularity and dynamic nature of stem cell-derived organoids also present challenges for genetic experimentation. In this review, we focus on adult gastrointestinal organoids and summarize the state-of-the-art protocols for successful transgenesis. We provide an outlook on emerging genetic techniques that could further increase the applicability of organoids and enhance the potential of organoid-based techniques to deepen our understanding of gene function in tissue biology.