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DSouza Stafny Melony,Ponnanna Koushik,Ramachandra Nallur Basappa 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2
Expression divergence, primarily defined as the proportion of differentially expressed genes, is one of the key parameters in assessing the evolutionary dynamics of diverging species. Most contributions toward expression differences between species and sexes come from testis tissue, which is the repertoire of rapidly diverging genes that can have a direct impact on speciation. To address the evolutionary dynamics among recently diverged Drosophila species, we analyzed testis transcriptomes of two members of nasuta subgroup of the immigrans species group: Drosophila nasuta nasuta and Drosophila nasuta albomicans. Using RNA-Seq and de novo assembly approach, we found that 96% of the transcriptome exhibited a conserved pattern of gene expression, typical of the recently diverged species’. The 4% of the characterized transcriptomes showing expression divergence had no influence of coding sequence variations. Four of the orthologous testicular genes are under relaxed positive selection, and the remaining 98% (n = 597) exhibit strong purifying selection irrespective of their expression patterns. Overall, our analyses suggest that the recent divergence of this closely related species pair has had a minimal impact on coding sequences and their expression, thereby providing useful insights into early stages of species divergence.
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The influence of activity-travel patterns on the success of VTBC
Benedetta Sanjust di Teulada,Italo Meloni,Erika Spissu 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2018 도시과학국제저널 Vol.22 No.2
The objective of this work is to verify how the complexity of activity-travel patterns may influence the propensity to change travel behaviour in the context of a Voluntary Travel Behaviour Change (VTBC) programme. Data used in this work was drawn from a VTBC programme implemented in Cagliari, Italy between 2011 and 2012, for promoting the use of an underutilised Light Rail service (LR). A descriptive comparative analysis of activity–travel patterns recorded before and after the delivery of a personalised travel plan was reported. In addition to the descriptive analysis, a panel Probit model is proposed to further understand the influence of complex trip-chaining behaviours on the propensity to change travel behaviours. The results indicate that when individuals are presented with a convenient transport alternative that allows them to flexibly chain their activities, the propensity to use a sustainable mode of transport increases.
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Improved time and frequency synchronization for dual‐polarization OFDM systems
José Luis Hinostroza Ninahuanca,Osmar Tormena Jr.,Luís Geraldo Pedroso Meloni 한국전자통신연구원 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.6
This article presents techniques for improved estimation of symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) for dual‐polarization (DP) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (DP‐OFDM) systems. Recently, quaternion multiple‐input multiple‐output OFDM has been proposed for high spectral efficiency communication systems, which can flexibly explore different types of diversities such as space, time, frequency, and polarization. This article focuses on synchronization techniques for DP‐OFDM systems using a cyclic prefix, where the application of quaternion algebra leads to new improved estimators. Simulations performed for DP system methods show faster reduction of STO estimator variance with a double‐slope line in the log‐variance line versus signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) plot compared with single‐polarization (SP) counterparts, and simulations for CFO estimates show a 3‐dB gain of DP over SP estimates for same SNR values defined, respectively, for quaternion‐valued or complex‐valued signals. Cramer–Rao bounds for STO and CFO are derived for the synchronization methods, correlating with the observed gains of DP over SP OFDM systems.
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Cardiac Autonomic Control and Neural Arousal as Indexes of Fatigue in Professional Bus Drivers
Lecca, Luigi I.,Fadda, Paolo,Fancello, Gianfranco,Medda, Andrea,Meloni, Michele Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022 Safety and health at work Vol.13 No.2
Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t-test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15; p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta = -0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta = -0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta = -0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty.
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Genetic variability of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in wild ruminants from Italy and Scotland
Simone Peletto,Matteo Perucchini,Cristina Acín,Mark P. Dalgleish,Hugh W. Reid,Roberto Rasero,Paola Sacchi,Paula Stewart,Maria Caramelli,Ezio Ferroglio,Elena Bozzetta,Daniela Meloni,Riccardo Orusa,Sere 대한수의학회 2009 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.10 No.2
The genetics of the prion protein gene (PRNP) play a crucial role in determining the relative susceptibility to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in several mammalian species. To determine the PRNP gene variability in European red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), the PRNP open reading frame from 715 samples was analysed to reveal a total of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In red deer, SNPs were found in codons 15, 21, 59, 78, 79, 98, 136, 168 and 226. These polymorphisms give rise to 12 haplotypes, and one of which is identical to the PRNP of American wapiti (Rocky Mountain elk, Cervus elaphus nelsoni). One silent mutation at codon 119 was detected in chamois and no SNPs were found in roe deer. This analysis confirmed that European wild ruminants have a PRNP genetic background that is compatible with TSE susceptibility, including chronic wasting disease.
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