Potential Uses of Exotic Germplasm for Enhancing Yield and Biotic Resistance of Corn in Myanmar

Win Win Nwe,John Ba Maw,Thant Lwin Oo,May Thet Naing,Hlaing Hlaing Khin,Khin Thandar Min,Thandar Win,Soon-Kwon Kim 한국작물학회 2010 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.04

Corn (Zea mays.L) is the second leading cereal in Myanmar and an important commodity in earning farmers’ income and foreign currencies. To increase productivity, development of locally adapted better hybrid is strongly needed. For upgrading the hybrid corn research and development program, Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) invited the International Corn Foundation (ICF)/Kyungpook National University (KNU) in 2005. Under this collaborative program, research on genetic potential of exotic germplasm introduced from Nepal, Hawaii, Korea, China and IITA has been carried out in 2009 rainy season. Yield trials of 108 and 80 combinations of Myanmar lines and exotic germplasm (Normal × Normal crosses, Normal × Super-sweet) were carried out in Tatkone, Yezin (central zone), Nyaung Mon (north zone), Aung Ban (highland zone) research stations, respectively. These experimental crosses are produced in Korea and Cambodia, 2008. Two to five outstanding hybrids have been selected for three respective zones. Selected hybrids yielded 50-100% more than the best commercial hybrid, CP888 imported from Thailand.The hybrids are tolerant to Rhizoctonia blight in the Tatkone, Exserohilum turcicum blight in Aung Ban, and E. turcicum and stem borers in the Nyaung Mon. A couple of normal super-sweet corn hybrids were selected for nutrition, sugar and vitamin A+. These results point out that introgression of exotic alleles has a potential to increase the heterotic response in yield and biotic resistance. Thus, an understanding of the heterotic relationship between adapted and exotic is needed to exploit exotic germplasm intelligently.

Structural and spectroscopic studies of alkali-metal exchanged stilbites

Ma, Y.,Liu, Z.,Geng, A.,Vogt, T.,Lee, Y. Elsevier 2016 Microporous and mesoporous materials Vol.224 No.-

<P>The structural, infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopic properties of alkali-metal exchanged (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) zeolites with the stilbite (STI) framework have been studied by Rietveld analysis of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, micro-Raman and synchrotron IR spectroscopy at ambient conditions. Ordered arrangements of the extra-framework cations (EFCs) and H2O molecules were found at the intersection of the 10- and 8-ring channels as well as framework distortions and deformations of the channel system caused by the EFCs distributions. The T(5)-T(5) distances along the chains of the structural building units range from 8.921(1) to 8.979(5) angstrom and scale with the size of EFCs in Na-, K-, Rb-, Cs-STI. Furthermore, our spectroscopic studies show a systematic increase of characteristic band frequencies for the 4- and 5-ring breathing vibration modes in the far-IR spectral region with the size of the EFCs. The frequencies of the ring vibrational bands in the IR and Raman spectra are very sensitive to the presence of specific EFCS, and framework distortion. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Morphological and molecular analysis of indigenous Myanmar mango (Mangifera indica L.) landraces around Kyaukse district

May Sandar Kyaing,April Nwet Yee Soe,Moe Moe Myint,Honey Thet Paing Htway,Khin Pyone Yi,Seinn Sandar May Phyo,Nwe Nwe Soe Hlaing 한국식물생명공학회 2019 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.46 No.2

There is vast genetic diversity of Myanmar Mangoes. This study mainly focused on indigenous thirteen different mango landraces cultivated in central area of Myanmar, Kyauk-se District and their fruit characteristics by 18 descriptors together with genetic relationship among them by 12 SSR markers. Based on the morpho-physical characters, a wide variation among accessions was found. Genetic characterization of thirteen mango genotypes resulted in the detection of 302 scorable polymorphic bands with an average of 4.33 alleles per locus and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.7. All the genotypes were grouped into two major clusters by UPGMA cluster analysis and a genetic similarity was observed in a range of 61 ~ 85%. This study may somehow contribute insights into the identification of regional mango diversity in Myanmar and would be useful for future mango breeding program.

Comparing Perceptions: The Competence of Novice Teachers and the Expectations of School Principals

May May-Hung Cheng,Wing-ming Cheung 서울대학교 교육연구소 2004 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.5 No.2

This paper compares the perceptions of school principals with those of novice teachers on the competence of such newly qualified members of staff. Findings suggest that the school principals and the novices both had similar perceptions regarding the satisfactory performance of the novices, although the novices tended to rate their own performance at a higher range than the school principals did. Moreover, the principals considered teacher competence items to be more important than that of the perceived performance of the novices. Drawing on the findings, a number of teacher competence items in which novices need to improve is revealed, including that of classroom management and assessing students’ learning. The paper concludes with a discussion of four dimensions of the educational significance of the study.

What do patients with urothelial cancer know about the association of their tumor disease with smoking habits? Results of a German survey study

Matthias May,Hans-Martin Fritsche,Christian Gilfrich,Mirja Dombrowski,Odilo Maurer,Philipp Spachmann,Manju Ganesh Kumar,Marc Bjurlin,Maximilian Burger,Sabine Brookman-May 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.3

Purpose: Smoking represents a primary risk factor for the development of urothelial carcinoma (UC) and a relevant factor impacting UC-specific prognosis. Data on the accordant knowledge of UC-patients in this regard and the significance of physicians in the education of UC-patients is limited. Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight UC-patients were enrolled in a 23-items-survey-study aimed to analyse patient knowledge and awareness of their tumor disease with smoking along with physician smoking cessation counselling. Results: The median age of the study patients was 69 years; 26.1% (n=23), 46.6% (n=41), and 27.3% (n=24), respectively, were non-smokers, previous, and active smokers. Exactly 50% of active smokers reported a previous communication with a physician about the association of smoking and their tumor disease; however, only 25.0% were aware of smoking as main risk factor for UC development. Merely 33% of the active smokers had been prompted directly by their physicians to quit smoking. About 42% of active smokers had received the information that maintaining smoking could result in a tumor-specific impairment of their prognosis. Closely 29% of active and about 5% of previous smokers (during the time-period of active smoking) had been offered support from physicians for smoking cessation. No association was found between smoking anamnesis (p=0.574) and pack-years (p=0.912), respectively, and tumor stage of UC. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the medical conversation of physicians with UC-patients about the adverse significance of smoking is limited. Implementation of structured educational programs for smoking cessation may be an opportunity to further enhance comprehensive cancer care.

Morphological and molecular analysis of indigenous Myanmar mango (Mangifera indica L.) landraces around Kyaukse district

Kyaing, May Sandar,Soe, April Nwet Yee,Myint, Moe Moe,Htway, Honey Thet Paing,Yi, Khin Pyone,Phyo, Seinn Sandar May,Hlaing, Nwe Nwe Soe The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2019 식물생명공학회지 Vol.46 No.2

There is vast genetic diversity of Myanmar Mangoes. This study mainly focused on indigenous thirteen different mango landraces cultivated in central area of Myanmar, Kyauk-se District and their fruit characteristics by 18 descriptors together with genetic relationship among them by 12 SSR markers. Based on the morpho-physical characters, a wide variation among accessions was found. Genetic characterization of thirteen mango genotypes resulted in the detection of 302 scorable polymorphic bands with an average of 4.33 alleles per locus and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.7. All the genotypes were grouped into two major clusters by UPGMA cluster analysis and a genetic similarity was observed in a range of 61 ~ 85%. This study may somehow contribute insights into the identification of regional mango diversity in Myanmar and would be useful for future mango breeding program.

Influence of ruminal degradable intake protein restriction on characteristics of digestion and growth performance of feedlot cattle during the late finishing phase

May, Dixie,Calderon, Jose F.,Gonzalez, Victor M.,Montano, Martin,Plascencia, Alejandro,Salinas-Chavira, Jaime,Torrentera, Noemi,Zinn, Richard A. Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2014 한국축산학회지 Vol.56 No.4

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of supplemental urea withdrawal on characteristics of digestion (Trial 1) and growth performance (Trial 2) of feedlot cattle during the last 40 days on feed. Treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet supplemented with urea to provide urea fermentation potential (UFP) of 0, 0.6, and 1.2%. In Trial 1, six Holstein steers ($160{\pm}10kg$) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square experiment. Decreasing supplemental urea decreased (linear effect, $P{\leq}0.05$) ruminal OM digestion. This effect was mediated by decreases (linear effect, $P{\leq}0.05$) in ruminal digestibility of NDF and N. Passage of non-ammonia and microbial N (MN) to the small intestine decreased (linear effect, P = 0.04) with decreasing dietary urea level. Total tract digestion of OM (linear effect, P = 0.06), NDF (linear effect, P = 0.07), N (linear effect, P = 0.04) and dietary DE (linear effect, P = 0.05) decreased with decreasing urea level. Treatment effects on total tract starch digestion, although numerically small, likewise tended (linear effect, P = 0.11) to decrease with decreasing urea level. Decreased fiber digestion accounted for 51% of the variation in OM digestion. Ruminal pH was not affected by treatments averaging 5.82. Decreasing urea level decreased (linear effect, $P{\leq}0.05$) ruminal N-NH and blood urea nitrogen. In Trial 2, 90 crossbred steers ($468kg{\pm}8$), were used in a 40 d feeding trial (5 steers/pen, 6 pens/treatment) to evaluate treatment effects on final-phase growth performance. Decreasing urea level did not affect DMI, but decreased (linear effect, $P{\leq}0.03$) ADG, gain efficiency, and dietary NE. It is concluded that in addition to effects on metabolizable amino acid flow to the small intestine, depriving cattle of otherwise ruminally degradable N (RDP) during the late finishing phase may negatively impact site and extent of digestion of OM, depressing ADG, gain efficiency, and dietary NE.

A rare complication of hemolacria after Le fort I osteotomy: a case presentation

May S. Helal,Ramy M. Gaber,Marwa El-Kassaby 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2022 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.44 No.-

Background: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NDO) is a common pathology preventing the proper drainage of the tears, and its main symptom is epiphora. Secondary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (SANDO) can be due to a variety of causes including infection, trauma, or neoplasms. It has been reported to occur with different forms of maxillofacial trauma, especially Le Fort II, Le Fort III, naso-orbital-ethmoidal, and orbital floor fractures. Case presentation: A 20-year-old Egyptian female presented to correct a facial disharmony due to a cleft lip and palate defect. The patient reported a history of congenital NDO and had deficient lateral nasal walls. Bimaxillary surgery was planned, including a Le Fort I osteotomy for the maxilla and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for the mandible. The surgery was uneventful, but the patient complained from bloody tears or hemolacria few days postoperatively. This complication began to cease spontaneously after 2 days and completely recovered after 4 days. Conclusion: Hemolacria is an infrequent finding after maxillofacial surgeries and may be associated with CLP surgeries more than other surgeries. In this case, it was easily managed, and surgeons should be more aware of it to try to prevent its occurrence.

Characterization of Hydrangea Accessions Based on Morphological and Molecular Markers

May Thinn Khaing,Hyo Jin Jung,Jong Bo Kim,Tae-Ho Han 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.4

Hydrangea (Hydrangea spp.) is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant for its attractive characteristics. While numerous hydrangea cultivars are available as genetic resources, they cannot be utilized effectively for breeding purposes because of a lack of information on their genetic relationship and breeding compatibility. In this study, genetic relationships within a collection of 34 accessions consisting of 4 species of hydrangea (H. macrophylla, H. paniculata, H. serrata, and H. arborescens) were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The hydrangea cultivars were maintained in the greenhouse at Chonnam National University. The dendogram of the genetic relationship was subjected to a clustering analysis in the PAST program using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method to estimate the genetic distances and relatedness among the species. Based on RAPD analysis, H. macrophylla was separated into two major groups with high levels of genetic similarity among the cultivars. H. paniculata accessions were classified into one major group with ‘Womseuredeu’ genetically distant from the other cultivars. H. serrata and H. arborescens were divided into two separated groups. The dendrogram suggests that H. macrophylla and H. serrata are genetically similar therefore the chance of hybridization between this species may be greater than that between more distantly related species. The present study provides useful information for the breeding of hydrangea cultivars.

Women’s Empowerment and Its Impact on Household Use of Solid Fuels in Four Southeast Asian Countries

Sharisse May Mate Barra,Hamdi Muhyuddin D. Barra 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2019 Asian Women Vol.35 No.4

Household air pollution (HAP) is a leading cause of negative health outcomes, including respiratory diseases, cancer, low birth weight, and infant mortality. One of the foremost sources of HAP is the use of solid fuels for cooking. Indeed, HAP from solid fuel use is a major environmental health risk, especially in developing nations. Because of traditional gender roles, women are more exposed to HAP from solid fuel use since they are primarily responsible for cooking. Nonetheless, literature suggests that women’s empowerment may play a crucial role in reducing the utilization of solid fuels. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether women’s empowerment is associated with solid fuel use for household cooking in four Southeast Asian countries. Data from the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Timor-Leste were used for the analysis. Three dimensions of women’s empowerment, namely, labor force participation, household decision-making, and education, were considered as explanatory variables. Taken together, results of the multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that women’s empowerment is significantly related to solid fuel use. Specifically, women’s labor force participation, involvement in household decision-making, and having secondary and higher education were associated with decreased likelihood of solid fuel use for cooking. On the whole, the results of this study shed light on the essential role of women in addressing pressing environmental issues such as the continued use of inefficient cooking fuels in developing nations. In particular, findings from this study imply that women and their household status must be taken into account in the design and implementation of environmental policies and intervention programs geared toward diminishing HAP and dependence on solid fuels.