A New Method for Estimating High-Frequency Radar Error Using Data from Central San Francisco Bay

Maxwell Hubbard,Donald Barrick,Newell Garfield,Jim Pettigrew,Carter Ohlmann,Matthew Gough 한국해양과학기술원 2013 Ocean science journal Vol.48 No.1

This study offers a new method for estimating High- Frequency (HF) radar surface current velocity error in data comparisons with other types of instrumentation. A new method is needed in order to remove the zero-mean random spatial and temporal fluctuations present in surface-current measurements from all sensors. Conventional methods for calculating radar error when comparing with another instrument have included their root mean square differences and scatter plots that provide correlation coefficient and slope/intercept of the regression line. It seems that a meaningful estimate of radar error should attempt to remove both sensors' zero mean random fluctuations, inasmuch as possible. We offer and compare a method that does this. The method was tested on data collected in the Central San Francisco Bay, where GPS surface-drifter deployments were conducted within the coverage of four 42 MHz radars over six days in October of 2008. Drifters were continuously deployed in these areas over the sampling days, providing 525 usable drifter measurements. Drifter and radar measurements were averaged into thirty-minute time bins. The three-day long-term averages from the sampling areas were then subtracted from the thirtyminute averages to remove biases associated with comparisons done with short, disjoint time-sample periods. These were then used to develop methods that give radar error or bias after the random fluctuations have been removed. Results for error estimates in this study are commensurate with others where random fluctuations have been filtered, suggesting they are valid. The estimated error for the radars in the SF Bay is low, ranging from -7.57 cm/s to 0.59 cm/s.

The anti-metastatic effects of the phytoestrogen arctigenin on human breast cancer cell lines regardless of the status of ER expression

Maxwell, Thressi,Chun, So-Young,Lee, Kyu-Shik,Kim, Soyoung,Nam, Kyung-Soo Lychnia 2017 International journal of oncology Vol.50 No.2

<P>Arctigenin is a plant lignan extracted from Arctium lappa that has been shown to have estrogenic properties. In spite of the health benefits of phytoestrogens reducing the risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, and menopausal symptoms, its benefits against the risk of breast cancer have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we investigated the effects of arctigenin on metastasis of breast cancer using both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines to see if the effects are dependent on the status of ER expression. In ER-positive MCF-7 cells, arctigenin efficiently inhibited 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell migration and invasion. The activity of crucial metastatic protease matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 in gelatin zymography was also efficiently decreased by arctigenin, as well as its mRNA expression. Notably, arctigenin exhibited similar anti-metastatic effects even in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that the anti-metastatic effects of arctigenin were not exerted via the ER. The upstream signaling pathways involved in the regulation of MMP-9 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) were analyzed using western blotting. The activation of Akt, NF-kappa B and MAPK (ERK 1/2 and JNK 1/2) was found to be inhibited. Taken together, these data suggest that arctigenin confers anti-metastatic effects by inhibiting MMP-9 and uPA via the Akt, NF-kappa B and MAPK signaling pathways on breast cancer, regardless of ER expression. Therefore, we propose that the intake of arctigenin could be an effective supplement for breast cancer patients.</P>

Arctigenin inhibits the activation of the mTOR pathway, resulting in autophagic cell death and decreased ER expression in ER-positive human breast cancer cells

Maxwell, T.,Lee, K. S.,Kim, S.,Nam, K.-S. Spandidos Publications 2018 International journal of oncology Vol.52 No.4

Theoretically Informed Correlates of Hepatitis B Knowledge among Four Asian Groups: The Health Behavior Framework

Maxwell, Annette E.,Stewart, Susan L.,Glenn, Beth A.,Wong, Weng Kee,Yasui, Yutaka,Chang, L. Cindy,Taylor, Victoria M.,Nguyen, Tung T.,Chen, Moon S.,Bastani, Roshan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Background: Few studies have examined theoretically informed constructs related to hepatitis B (HBV) testing, and comparisons across studies are challenging due to lack of uniformity in constructs assessed. The present analysis examined relationships among Health Behavior Framework factors across four Asian American groups to advance the development of theory-based interventions for HBV testing in at-risk populations. Methods: Data were collected from 2007-2010 as part of baseline surveys during four intervention trials promoting HBV testing among Vietnamese-, Hmong-, Korean- and Cambodian-Americans (n = 1,735). Health Behavior Framework constructs assessed included: awareness of HBV, knowledge of transmission routes, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, doctor recommendation, stigma of HBV infection, and perceived efficacy of testing. Within each group we assessed associations between our intermediate outcome of knowledge of HBV transmission and other constructs, to assess the concurrent validity of our model and instruments. Results: While the absolute levels for Health Behavior Framework factors varied across groups, relationships between knowledge and other factors were generally consistent. This suggests similarities rather than differences with respect to posited drivers of HBV-related behavior. Discussion: Our findings indicate that Health Behavior Framework constructs are applicable to diverse ethnic groups and provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity of the Health Behavior Framework.

Trade liberalization and the geography of industries in South Africa: fresh evidence from a new measure

Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha,Nicholas Ngepah 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2020 도시과학국제저널 Vol.24 No.3

Economic theory postulates that trade liberalization influences the location patterns of manufacturing activities across regions. However, the direction of this impact remains theoretically controversial. While few authors suggest that trade openness causes dispersion of economic activities, others argue that it strengthens agglomeration tendency. Against the background of ongoing debates in both mainstream economics and in geography, this paper explores the role of trade policy in shaping the patterns of geographical distribution of manufacturing activities across South Africa’s provinces over the period 1993–2016. Contrary to the previous literature, we employ a new measure of trade openness which is able to account for both South Africa’s trade share of her GDP and her relative size of trade compared to the world trade in a given year. Using this measure of openness, the study draws an inference based on the Eicker–White robust covariance Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) which performs well in the presence of heteroscedasticity and data with zero values. The findings suggest that trade openness matters considerably for explaining the industrial patterns across South Africa’s provinces. In particular, industries facing trade liberalization are most likely to settle in proximity to the metropolitan cities surrounding Gauteng. The implication is that South African authorities can use trade policy reforms to complement appropriate redistributive spatial development policies. Such can ensure a fair inter-provincial distribution of industries and mitigate inequalities, especially the spatial dimensions.

Parametric optical property database for CdSe1-xSx alloys

Maxwell M. Junda,Corey R. Grice,Yanfa Yan,Nikolas J. Podraza 대한금속·재료학회 2019 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.15 No.4

A comprehensive database of the optical response in the form of complex dielectric function (ε) spectra of magnetron cosputteredCdSe1−xSx alloy thin films is developed spanning the full 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 range of compositions. A parametric modelis presented and used to determine ε describing each film while in both as-deposited and thermally annealed states. Thismodel combines a critical point electronic transition lineshape and an Urbach tail in the above- and below-bandgap portionsof the measured spectrum, respectively, while maintaining first derivative continuity. Additionally, this hybrid parametricdescription of ε automatically determines the Urbach energy (EU) describing the width of the sub-bandgap absorption tail,thereby providing a relative measure of the defect density of the modeled material. These as-deposited CdSe1−xSx films aregenerally found to be the most defective at intermediate compositions with some EU reaching energies > 200 meV. Annealingreduces EU in all films to a relatively uniform value < 100 meV for all compositions. Leveraging the full ε database inmodeling CdS-CdSe bi-layer stacks is demonstrated to be effective in detecting the composition gradients resulting frominter-diffusion upon annealing. The accuracy of this technique is verified through excellent agreement with cross sectionalenergy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits in Some Genotypes of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Maxwell Darko Asante,Kossi Lorimpo Adjah,Ebenezer Annan-Afful 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.2

Even though there are abundant rice genetic resources, only a fraction is used in breeding programs leading to a narrow genetic base for improved varieties. Increasing the use of available rice germplasm could lead to the development of varieties that are superior in yield and other important agronomic traits. One hundred rice genotypes were used to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, clustering, trait association, and principal components for eight yield and yield-related traits. The experiment was conducted in a 10x10 lattice design in three replications under field conditions. The GCV ranged from 4.3% for panicle length to 17.9% for grain yield. Grain yield (GY) had the highest PCV (37.3%), while kernel length had the lowest PCV (7.0%). High heritabilities and moderate genetic advances were observed for days to flowering (DF), plant height (PH), kernel length (KL), and kernel length-to-width ratio (KLW). In general, the magnitudes of genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations. Grain yield showed a positive association with DF and PL at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, and with PH and KW at the genotypic level only. The genotypes clustered into three groups and the first three principal components explained about 70.3% of the total variation with KLW, KL, DF, and GY being the principal discriminatory characters. There was adequate genetic variability in the germplasm to support breeding for improved grain yield and indirect selection for high yield can be done in early generations using DF, PH, and PL.

Part II: Biomechanical Assessment for a Footprint-Restoring Arthrsocopic Transosseous-Equivalent Rotator Cuff Repair Technique Compared to a Double-Row Repair Technique

Maxwell C. Park,James E. Tibone,Neal S. ElAttrache,Christopher S. Ahmad,Bong0Jae Jun,Thay Q. Lee 대한견주관절의학회 2006 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.5

A Collaborative Framework between Industry and Academia to Stimulate Entrepreneurship through Business Incubation

Maxwell Chanakira,Quinton C. Kanhukamwe 세계과학도시연합 2016 World Technopolis Review Vol.5 No.1

Entrepreneurship development has increasingly become a global solution to address the problem of rising unemployment. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) have become important tools in improving the economic performance and social well-being of nations. When universities and industry work together to push the boundaries of knowledge, they become a powerful engine for innovation and economic growth. This paper is based on focus group interviews and discussions conducted with key players involved in the HIT-Sandown-UNDP Business Incubation Programme in Harare Zimbabwe. The business incubation project sought to support young Zimbabweans to transform their technical prototypes into commercially and socially viable ventures. As a result, a total of 10 prototypes were refined and investor ready business plans were developed for capital sourcing purposes. It was only through the coming together of the partners that real transformation of the lives of the participants was achieved through learning valuable business skills, coaching and mentoring. University-industry partnerships are a useful vehicle of setting up sustainable business incubation centres.

The Pros and Cons of SEW System - Review -

Maxwell, C.V.,Sohn, K.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.2

Early-weaning at an age of less than 21 days and removal of pigs to a second isolated site, which is commonly referred to as segregated early weaning (SEW), has been shown to substantially reduce disease transfer from the dam. This strategy has been successful in reducing the number of pathogens, but has not been successful in eliminating all pathogens. Although SEW has failed in most instances to totally eliminate pathogens, performance as measured by gain and efficiency through the nursery phase has been shown to be enhanced. In addition, SEW pigs have been shown to perform well on less complex nursery diets. Pigs which are continued on a similar isolation regime to market weight have been shown to have a remarkable improvement in feed intake, gain and efficiency. However, pigs which are co-mingled with conventional pigs after the nursery phase have either no improvement in performance or reduced performance. Backfat and carcass lean yield have been shown to be enhanced by SEW in high lean gain pigs, but not in lower lean gain pigs. Exposure of pigs to antigens which activate the immune system and increase the level of immunological stress has been suggested as the mechanism involved in depressing growth and performance of pigs.