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What is the Current Evidence on Vertebral Body Osteonecrosis?: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Matteo Formica,Andrea Zanirato,Luca Cavagnaro,Marco Basso,Stefano Divano,Carlo Formica,Lamberto Felli 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.3
Osteonecrosis (ON) is a clinical entity characterized by a pattern of cell death and complex process of bone resorption and formation. Studies related to ON have largely focused on certain anatomical sites; however, the evidence on vertebral body ON (VBON) is largely inconsistent and fragmented. The aim of this study was to clarify the pathophysiology, risk factors, imaging findings, and available treatment modalities for VBON. A systematic review of the relevant articles published in English was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL databases. A total of 81 articles were included in this study. Three main topics about VBON were identified: (1) pathophysiology and risk factors, (2) diagnosis, and (3) treatment. Forty-five studies were based on the pathophysiology, 52 on diagnosis, and 38 on the treatment options for VBON. The literature on VBON was limited and mainly focused on post-traumatic cases with a considerable overlap with nonunion and pseudoarthrosis.
CONSUMERS RE-SHAPING LUXURY DISCOVERING NEW SEGMENTS BY LISTENING TO USER GENERATED CONTENT
Matteo Montecchi,Ana Roncha,Karinna Nobbs 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06
Research Context The term User Generated Content (UGC) refers to a wide range of consumers’ contributions shared through digital and social platforms. These contributions can take the form of blogs, articulated collections of images, homemade videos (or even “homemade advertising” campaigns) and various types of product reviews and product usage demonstrations (Berthon, Pitt, & Campbell, 2008; Fader & Winer, 2012). In a previous study, we reviewed the OECD (2007) official definition of UGC to encompass the evolving and more holistic nature of this phenomenon. We defined UGC as “content in the form of text, sound, visuals or videos, which has been created by or in collaboration with consumers and disseminated through social platforms across various digital and non-digital channels. UGC can be centered on a brand, product or service or revolve around a topic/issue of interest to the consumer. It can be either solicited as part of commercial or non-commercial initiatives or contributed spontaneously by the consumer” (Montecchi & Nobbs, 2012). Marketing managers are now facing a completely different landscape where the more traditional approaches to brand promotion “are giving way to a messy tangle of market-based communications consisting of multiple authors including customers, competitors, observers, employees, and interested collectives” (Muniz Jr. & Schau, 2011). In this context, UGC is a clear representation of how the balance of power and control has shifted from brands to consumers (Sheehan, 2010; Pires, Stanton, & Rita, 2006; Berthon, Pitt, Plangger, & Shapiro, 2012). Amongst the various sectors which have benefited from a constant growth of digital channels and consumers’ online engagement, the luxury industry has shown some astonishing results. After an initial skepticism, major luxury organisations have embraced digital channels from both a distribution and marketing communications perspective, following the success of online pure-players such as Net-A-Porter. With online sales projected to grow steadily, luxury brands need to learn how to engage more effectively with a new generation of hyper-connected customers by re-addressing the balance of power and control they want to manage. Purpose of the Research By building on Smith, Fischer, & Yongjian (2012) framework for the analysis of UGC, this research aims to map the features of brand related UGC across three social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter and YouTube) with a particular focus on the luxury product/market context. Through the analysis of a sample of brand-related digital contributions, a set of customer profiles will be constructed to highlight further targeting opportunities for luxury brands. Three brands operating at global level (Louis Vuitton, Rolex and Burberry) will be selected as the context of this investigation since these generate a significant level of consumers’ discussion and engagement on digital media. Methodology The research design is based on observational netnography and content analysis (Ertimur & Gilly, 2011; Kozinets, 2002). A sample of 100 consumers’ contributions for each brand, published on each of the three selected platforms, will be analysed for a total of 900 pieces of UGC. The framework which will be used for the analysis is derived from the research conducted by Smith, Fischer, & Yongjian (2012). It allows researchers to explore the level of customers’ self-presentation, the centrality of the brand in the content shared, whether there is an attempt to a brand-directed communication and associated responses and whether the content is more factual or emotional. The brand sentiment in each piece of content will also be measured. The results of this analysis will be used to construct a multi-dimensional set of customer profiles by building on the UGC typologies identified. This will provide luxury brands with an effective tool to enhance their market segmentation and targeting capabilities.
Personalized Medicine in Allergy
Matteo Ferrando,Diego Bagnasco,Gilda Varricchi,Stefano Bernardi,Alice Bragantini,Giovanni Passalacqua,Giorgio Walter Canonica 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.1
Allergic disease is among the most common pathologies worldwide and its prevalence has constantly increased up to the present days, even if according to the most recent data it seems to be slightly slowing down. Allergic disease has not only a high rate of misdiagnosis and therapeutic inefficacy, but represents an enormous, resource-absorbing black hole in respiratory and general medicine. The aim of this paper is to summarize principal therapeutic innovations in atopic disease management befallen in the recent years in terms of personalized/precision medicine.