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Functional Abnormalities of HERG Mutations in Long QT Syndrome 2 (LQT2)
Masayasu HIRAOKA 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.5
<P> The chromosome 7-linked long QT syndrome (LQT2) is caused by mutations in the<I> human ether-a- go-go-related gene</I> (<I>HERG</I>) that encodes the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K<SUP>+</SUP> current, I<SUB>Kr</SUB>, in cardiac myocytes. Different types of mutations have been identified in various locations of HERG channel. One of the mechanisms for the loss of normal channel function is due to membrane trafficking of channel protein. The decreased channel function in some deletion mutants appears to be due to loss of coupling with wild type <I>HERG</I> to form the functional channel as the tetramer. Most of missense mutants with few exceptions could interact with wild type <I>HERG</I> to form functional tetramer and caused dominant negative suppression with co-injection with wild type <I>HERG</I> showing variable effects on current amplitude, voltage dependence, and kinetics of activation and inactivation. Two missense mutants at pore regions of HERG found in Japanese LQT2 (A614V and V630L) showed accentuated inward rectification due to a negative shift in steady-state inactivation and fast inactivation. One mutation in S4 region (R534C) produced a negative shift in current activation, indicating the S4 serving as the voltage sensor and accelerated deactivation. The C-terminus mutation, S818L, could not express the current by mutant alone and did not show dominant negative suppression with co-injection of equal amount of wild type cRNA. Co-injection of excess amount of mutant with wild type produced dominant negative suppression with a shift in voltage dependent activation. Therefore, multiple mechanisms are involved in different mutations and functional abnormality in LQT2. Further characterization with the interactions between various mutants in <I>HERG</I> and the regulatory subunits of the channels (<I>MiRP1</I> and <I>minK</I>) is to be clarified.
Characteristics of Repetitive Positioning Control of a Linear Pulse Servo Motor
Masayasu Yamamoto,Kouki Matsuse 전력전자학회 1998 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
This study aims to realize high precision repetitive positioning control of the linear servo motor. The authors have previously improved the repeatability positioning precision by employing a two-degree-of-freedom PID controller in the positioning control system and by upgrading the drive system. The present study focuses on variable distance repetitive positioning control, rather than equal distance positioning, and investigates the repeatability positioning precision.<br/>
Virtual Reality Presentation of Moment Tensor Analysis by SiGMA
Ohtsu, Masayasu,Shigeishi, Mitsuhiro The Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.3
Nucleation of a crack is readily defected by acoustic emission (AE) method. One powerful technique for AE waveform analysis has been developed as SiGMh (Simplified Greens functions for Moment tensor Analysis), as crack kinematics of locations, types and orientations are quantitatively determined. Because these kinematical outcomes are obtained as three-dimensional (3-D) locations and vectors, 3-D visualization is definitely desirable. To this end, the visualization system has been developed by using VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). As an application, failure protest of a reinforced concrete beam is discussed.
Functional Abnormalities of HERG Mutations in Long QT Syndrome 2 (LQT2)
Hiraoka, Masayasu The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2001 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.5 No.5
The chromosome 7-linked long QT syndrome (LQT2) is caused by mutations in the human ether-a- go-go-related gene (HERG) that encodes the rapidly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ current, $I_{Kr},$ in cardiac myocytes. Different types of mutations have been identified in various locations of HERG channel. One of the mechanisms for the loss of normal channel function is due to membrane trafficking of channel protein. The decreased channel function in some deletion mutants appears to be due to loss of coupling with wild type HERG to form the functional channel as the tetramer. Most of missense mutants with few exceptions could interact with wild type HERG to form functional tetramer and caused dominant negative suppression with co-injection with wild type HERG showing variable effects on current amplitude, voltage dependence, and kinetics of activation and inactivation. Two missense mutants at pore regions of HERG found in Japanese LQT2 (A614V and V630L) showed accentuated inward rectification due to a negative shift in steady-state inactivation and fast inactivation. One mutation in S4 region (R534C) produced a negative shift in current activation, indicating the S4 serving as the voltage sensor and accelerated deactivation. The C-terminus mutation, S818L, could not express the current by mutant alone and did not show dominant negative suppression with co-injection of equal amount of wild type cRNA. Co-injection of excess amount of mutant with wild type produced dominant negative suppression with a shift in voltage dependent activation. Therefore, multiple mechanisms are involved in different mutations and functional abnormality in LQT2. Further characterization with the interactions between various mutants in HERG and the regulatory subunits of the channels (MiRP1 and minK) is to be clarified.
Measurement of three-dimensional flame structure by combined laser diagnostics
Takashi Ueda,Masayasu Shimura,Mamoru Tanahashi,Toshio Miyauchi 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.7
To investigate three-dimensional flame structures of turbulent premixed flame experimentally, dual-plane planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) of CH radical has been developed. This dual-plane CH PLIF system consists of two independent conventional CH PLIF measurement systems and laser beam from each laser system are led to parallel optical pass using the difference of polarization, and CH PLIF is conducted in two parallel two-dimensional cross sections. The newly-developed dual-plane CH PLIF is combined with single-plane OH PLIF and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) to clarify the relation between flame geometry and turbulence characteristics. The laser sheets for single-plane OH PLIF and stereoscopic PIV measurement are located at the center of two planes for CH PLIF. The separation between these two planes is selected to 500 μm. The measurement was conducted in relatively high Reynolds number methane-air turbulent jet premixed flame. The experimental results show that various three-dimensional flame structures such as the handgrip structure, which has been shown by three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS), are included in high Reynolds number turbulent premixed flame. It was shown that the simultaneous measurement containing newly-developed dual-plane CH PLIF is useful for investigating the three-dimensional flame structures. To analyze the flame structures quantitatively, the flame curvature was estimated by using the CH and OH PLIF images, and the probability density function (pdf) of the curvatures was compared with the results of DNS. It was revealed that the minimum radius of curvature of the flame front coincides with Kolmogorov length. However, the feature of pdf of the flame curvature is slightly different from result of DNS, if the curvature was estimated from experimental results in two-dimensional cross section. On the other hand, the feature of pdf of mean curvature that calculated from triple-plane PLIF results is similar to that obtained from three-dimensional DNS.