UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritage and its polarising nature: A case study on Aalst Carnival

Marthe Van Damme,Dirk Jacobs 국립민속박물관 2022 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.17 No.-

Intangible cultural heritage, such as a tradition, folk dance or carnival, contributes to cultural diversity within a society. Therefore, the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted with the intention of safeguarding and perpetuating intangible cultural heritage and intercultural dialogue. But what happens if intangible cultural heritage has been recognised and inscribed on one of the UNESCO lists and, within its expression, the tradition goes against the list’s inscription criteria and causes controversy? This article explains the events that took place during the Carnival of Aalst, as well as the controversies it sparked. It sheds light on the visible tensions between different aspects of the controversy. Its scope thus remains limited to a brief explanation of intangible cultural heritage and the tradition of Aalst Carnival. Within this context, a judicial approach through case law research of the European Court of Human Rights concerning the right to freedom of expression and its limitations is used to provide a legal assessment of the controversy. Moreover, this article discusses the limitations of this legal approach and proposes recommendations in other policy fields. The article will thus attempt to reconcile these tensions and balance the competing interests in order to diminish the likelihood of controversies happening again in the future. It will aim to illustrate the tensions between stereotypical and derogatory depictions that are legally acceptable, however controversial given the multicultural society, and further concisely explore possible solutions within different policy areas.

Listeriosis and Listeria monocytogenes

Bahk, Jae Rim,Marth, Elmer H. 한국산업미생물학회 1989 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.17 No.6

Listeria monocytogenes, one of five species in the genus Listeria and the only one currently believed to be pathogenic for humans, is a small gram-positive, nonsporeforming, aerobic, motile and hemolytic rod-shaped bacterium. The bacterium is widespread in the environment, having been isolated from soil, dust, animal fee, water, sewage, almost every type of animal that has been cultured, and asymptomatic humans. L. monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a disease which most often affects humans with a compromised immune system. Included are pregnant woman, infants and adults suffering from such diseases as cancer, cirrhosis of liver of AIDS or are being treated with drugs such as corticosteroids. Listeriosis is manifested by such syndromes as pregnancy infections, granulomatosis infantiseptica, sepsis, meningoencephalitis, and focal infections. Infections, can be treated successfully with penicillin, ampicillin, or erythromycin. However, a mortality rate of about 30% has occurred in outbreaks of listeriosis. Food-associated outbreaks of listeriosis have been attributed to coleslaw (Canada, 1981), pasteurized milk (U.S., 1983), and soft cheese (U.S., 1985). Presence of L. monocytogenes in various dairy foods has prompted recall of such products from the U.S. market-place. L. monocytogenes also has been found in raw meats and seafood.

농어촌 , 도시소외 지역 건강간호 : 농어촌지역 건강해결을 위한 인구집단근거의 연구

(Neff Smith Marths) 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 Rural Health Nursing Vol.- No.-

State-Owned Enterprises and Debt Sustainability Analysis: The Case of the People’s Republic of China

Benno Ferrarini,Marthe Hinojales 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.6 No.1

The paper aims to combine balance sheet analysis at the firm level with the International Monetary Fund’s public debt sustainability assessment framework to assess state-owned enterprises’ (SOE) leverage as a contingent liability to the public sector. Based on company data and the interest coverage ratio as a measure of debt at risk, aggregate baseline scenarios are projected to gauge the magnitude of SOE debt as a contingency. SOE’s financial and debt ratios are first bootstrapped to generate firm-level distributions and then averaged into a fan chart of the economy-wide SOE contingent liability. Applied to the People’s Republic of China as an example, the study finds that by the end of 2015 SOE leverage had grown to a substantial liability. However arbitrary the assumptions underlying these projections, it would appear that even if authorities had to mop up as much as 20% of SOE debt at risk gone bad, this would have been manageable at roughly 2.7% of the gross domestic product in 2016 or 5.5% by 2021. This projection framework is fully amenable to alternative assumptions and settings, which makes it a useful analytical tool to monitor contingent liabilities from non-financial corporate debt that have been building in emerging and advanced economies alike.

Chinese Corporate Leverage Determinants

Benno Ferrarini,Marthe Hinojales,Pasquale Scaramozzino 한국유통과학회 2017 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.4 No.1

Total debt in the People’s Republic of China surged to nearly 290% as a ratio to GDP by the second quarter of 2016, mostly on account of non-financial corporate debt. The outpouring of credit to stem the impact of the global financial crisis accentuated industrial overcapacity in traditional sectors, such as steel, cement, and energy, while feeding asset bubbles in the property, equity and bond markets. At the Chinese corporate level, this has translated into weakened fundamentals and a fall in industrial profits, particularly of SOEs. As debtors struggle to service interest payments, non-performing loans (NPLs) have been on the rise. This paper assesses the financial fragility of the Chinese economy by looking at risk factors in the non-financial sector. We apply quantile regressions to a dataset containing all Chinese listed companies in Standard & Poor’s IQ Capital database. We find higher sensitivity over time of corporate leverage to some of its key determinants, particularly for firms at the upper margin of the distribution. In particular, profitability increasingly acts as a curb on corporate leverage. At a time of falling profitability across the Chinese non-financial corporate sector, this eases the brake on leverage and may contribute to its continuing increase.

The Role of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Health and Medicine

Russell, Louise B.,Gold, Marthe R.,Siegel, Joanna,Daniels, Norman,Weinstein, Milton C. MediMedia Korea 1997 JAMA-Korea Vol.12 No.1

Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Treatment of Congenital Antral Web

Peck, Jacquelin,Khalaf, Racha,Marth, Ryan,Phen, Claudia,Sosa, Roberto,Cordero, Francisco Balsells,Wilsey, Michael The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.4

Congenital antral webs are a rare but relevant cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants and children. The condition may lead to feeding refusal, vomiting, and poor growth. Due to the relative rarity of the disease, cases of congenital antral web are frequently misdiagnosed or diagnosed with significant delay as physicians favorably pursue diagnoses of pyloric stenosis and gastric ulcer disease, which are more prevalent. We report a case of an eight-month-old female who presented with persistent non-bilious emesis, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive and was discovered to have an antral web. The web was successfully treated with endoscopic balloon dilation, which resolved her symptoms. Two years later, the patient remains asymptomatic and is thriving with weight at the 75th percentile for her age.

In vitro and in silico studies of the antifungal properties of the bulb and leaves extracts of Drimia delagoensis Baker (Jessop)

Ndaba Nokuthula,Fotsing Marthe Carine,Anku William Wilson,Govender Penny Poomani 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.3

Drimia delagoensis (D. delagoensis), a member of the Hyacinthaceae family, is commonly used for the treatment of heartwater and skin ailments by the Zulus in South Africa. In this research study, the bulb and leaves of D. delagoensis were tested for their antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus fumigatus. Eight crude extracts were further analysed to determine the volatile chemical components of the plant using one-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with the time of fight mass spectrometry. The compounds detected from GC-MS were further subjected to molecular docking study to determine prospective relationship between the analysed compounds (1–9) and the active site of the glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase. All the crude extracts were effective against A. fumigatus. However, it was observed that dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) mixture for the bulb extracts had a high minimum fungal concentration values of (7.8 μg/mL) followed by hexane (7.8 μg/ mL) and ethyl acetate (7.8 μg/mL). Compounds (9Z,12Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(R)-2,3-bis[[(E)-2-methyl-2-butenoyl] oxy]propyl ester and 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-,1-methyl-1,2-ethanediyl ester had higher binding affinities of − 47.69 and − 62.36 kcal/mol, respectively when compared to amphotericin B standard drug (− 44.19 kcal/mol). Furthermore, lipophilicity values for ligands, which ranged from − 11.46 to − 27.07, were more significant than those for amphotericin B (− 19.66), and this greater significance could also be ascribed to the potency of the crude extracts against A. fumigatus.

Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Treatment of Congenital AntralWeb

Jacquelin Peck,Racha Khalaf,Ryan Marth,Claudia Phen,Roberto Sosa,Francisco Balsells Cordero,Michael Wilsey 대한소아소화기영양학회 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.4

Congenital antral webs are a rare but relevant cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants and children. The condition may lead to feeding refusal, vomiting, and poor growth. Due to the relative rarity of the disease, cases of congenital antral web are frequently misdiagnosed or diagnosed with significant delay as physicians favorably pursue diagnoses of pyloric stenosis and gastric ulcer disease, which are more prevalent. We report a case of an eight-month-old female who presented with persistent non-bilious emesis, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive and was discovered to have an antral web. The web was successfully treated with endoscopic balloon dilation, which resolved her symptoms. Two years later, the patient remains asymptomatic and is thriving with weight at the 75th percentile for her age.

Characteristics of low - fat Chedder cheese made with added Micrococcus sp .

Lee, Si Kyung,P다, Un Hua,Joo, Hyun Kyu,Marth, Elmer H 한국농화학회 1992 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.35 No.5

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Micrococcus sp. LL3 on accelerating proteolysis, flavor development and characteristics of low-fat Cheddar cheese as a potential agent for industrial application, and to optimize cultural conditions for cell mass production. Optimum temperature for cell growth and caseinolysis was 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ respectively, and optimum pH was 7.0. Monosaccharides like glucose, mannose and fructose were more excellent as carbon source, but arabinose and xylose markedly inhibited cell growth and caseinolysis. Among the organic nutrients, yeast extract was more effective for cell growth and for caseinolysis. However, inoranic nitrogen sources were less effective than organic sources. Urea inhibited cell growth severely. Cell growth and caseinolysis were rather increased a little in broth containing 1% NaCl, and Micrococcus sp. LL3 was very tolerant until NaCl concentration in broth added to 9%. Addition of vitamin did not affect cell growth and caseinolysis in level of 0.1 ㎍/㎖ concentration. Cell growth and caseinolysis were activiated by addition of glutamic acid and MgSO₄ with concentration of 0.2% and 0.5% respectively. Production of aminopeptidase which cleaved polypeptides was the highest in early stationary phase during cell growth. There was no difference in acidity changes in the course of cheese manufacture and in chemical component in 6-month old cheese through addition of Micrococcus sp. LL3 to cheese. It was however possible to note a significant increase in the value for TCA solube N and PTA soluble N in cheese with added adjunct compared to the control cheese. Values for TCA soluble N were 14, 21 and 28% higher khan that of the control cheese for 6-month old cheeses with added CFE, FD and live cells of Micrococcus sp. LL3. Using electrophoresis in polysacrylamide gels, casein hydrolysis appeared also to be more extensive in experimental cheeses ripened at 10 ℃ for 5 and 6 months than in the control cheese. The population of starter and lactic acid bacteria was not affected by addition of Micrococcus sp. LL3 as ajunct. Starter bacteria decreased slowly but lactic acid bacteria increased rapidly with time. Microflora of 3-month old low-fat Cheddar cheese represented a sequene of changes in which Lactobacillus sp. replaced the initial flora of Streptococcus sp. When Micrococcus sp. LL3 was added in cheese, no marked flavor defects developed and bitterness decreased more than in control cheese. Panelists gave higher flavor score and overall preference score to experimental cheeses than to the control cheese.