http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Design of a ship model for hydro-elastic experiments in waves
Maron, Adolfo,Kapsenberg, Geert The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2014 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.6 No.4
Large size ships have a very flexible construction resulting in low resonance frequencies of the structural eigen-modes. This feature increases the dynamic response of the structure on short period waves (springing) and on impulsive wave loads (whipping). This dynamic response in its turn increases both the fatigue damage and the ultimate load on the structure; these aspects illustrate the importance of including the dynamic response into the design loads for these ship types. Experiments have been carried out using a segmented scaled model of a container ship in a Seakeeping Basin. This paper describes the development of the model for these experiments; the choice was made to divide the hull into six rigid segments connected with a flexible beam. In order to model the typical feature of the open structure of the containership that the shear center is well below the keel line of the vessel, the beam was built into the model as low as possible. The model was instrumented with accelerometers and rotation rate gyroscopes on each segment, relative wave height meters and pressure gauges in the bow area. The beam was instrumented with strain gauges to measure the internal loads at the position of each of the cuts. Experiments have been carried out in regular waves at different amplitudes for the same wave period and in long crested irregular waves for a matrix of wave heights and periods. The results of the experiments are compared to results of calculations with a linear model based on potential flow theory that includes the effects of the flexural modes. Some of the tests were repeated with additional links between the segments to increase the model rigidity by several orders of magnitude, in order to compare the loads between a rigid and a flexible model.
Genomic Heterogeneity as a Barrier to Precision Medicine in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Pectasides, Eirini,Stachler, Matthew D.,Derks, Sarah,Liu, Yang,Maron, Steven,Islam, Mirazul,Alpert, Lindsay,Kwak, Heewon,Kindler, Hedy,Polite, Blase,Sharma, Manish R.,Allen, Kenisha,O'Day, Emily,Lomni American Association for Cancer Research 2018 Cancer discovery Vol.8 No.1
<P>Heterogeneity of actionable genomic alterations among primary and metastatic lesions suggests that biomarker profiling of a single primary tumor site may limit the success of targeted therapy in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.</P><P>Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) is a lethal disease where targeted therapies, even when guided by genomic biomarkers, have had limited efficacy. A potential reason for the failure of such therapies is that genomic profiling results could commonly differ between the primary and metastatic tumors. To evaluate genomic heterogeneity, we sequenced paired primary GEA and synchronous metastatic lesions across multiple cohorts, finding extensive differences in genomic alterations, including discrepancies in potentially clinically relevant alterations. Multiregion sequencing showed significant discrepancy within the primary tumor (PT) and between the PT and disseminated disease, with oncogene amplification profiles commonly discordant. In addition, a pilot analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing demonstrated the feasibility of detecting genomic amplifications not detected in PT sampling. Lastly, we profiled paired primary tumors, metastatic tumors, and cfDNA from patients enrolled in the personalized antibodies for GEA (PANGEA) trial of targeted therapies in GEA and found that genomic biomarkers were recurrently discrepant between the PT and untreated metastases. Divergent primary and metastatic tissue profiling led to treatment reassignment in 32% (9/28) of patients. In discordant primary and metastatic lesions, we found 87.5% concordance for targetable alterations in metastatic tissue and cfDNA, suggesting the potential for cfDNA profiling to enhance selection of therapy.</P><P><B>Significance:</B> We demonstrate frequent baseline heterogeneity in targetable genomic alterations in GEA, indicating that current tissue sampling practices for biomarker testing do not effectively guide precision medicine in this disease and that routine profiling of metastatic lesions and/or cfDNA should be systematically evaluated. <I>Cancer Discov; 8(1); 37–48. ©2017 AACR.</I></P><P><I>See related commentary by Sundar and Tan, p. 14</I>.</P><P><I>See related article by Janjigian et al., p. 49</I>.</P><P><I>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1</I></P>
Biohydrogen production from food waste: Current status, limitations, and future perspectives
Yun, Yeo-Myeong,Lee, Mo-Kwon,Im, Seong-Won,Marone, Antonella,Trably, Eric,Shin, Sang-Ryong,Kim, Min-Gyun,Cho, Si-Kyung,Kim, Dong-Hoon Elsevier Applied Science 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.248 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Among the various biological routes for H<SUB>2</SUB> production, dark fermentation is considered the most practically applicable owing to its capability to degrade organic wastes and high H<SUB>2</SUB> production rate. Food waste (FW) has high carbohydrate content and easily hydrolysable in nature, exhibiting higher H<SUB>2</SUB> production potential than that of other organic wastes. In this review article, first, the current status of H<SUB>2</SUB> production from FW by dark fermentation and the strategies applied for enhanced performance are briefly summarized. Then, the technical and economic limitations of dark fermentation of FW are thoroughly discussed. Economic assessment revealed that the economic feasibility of H<SUB>2</SUB> production from FW by dark fermentation is questionable. Current efforts to further increase H<SUB>2</SUB> yield and waste removal efficiency are also introduced. Finally, future perspectives along with possible routes converting dark fermentation effluent to valuable fuels and chemicals are discussed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Critical reviews on dark fermentation of food waste (FW). </LI> <LI> Current status of dark fermentation with strategies applied for enhancement. </LI> <LI> Technical and economical limitation of dark fermentation performance of FW. </LI> <LI> Strategies to increase H<SUB>2</SUB> yield and gain more energy. </LI> <LI> Integrated system converting fermentation effluent to various fuels and chemicals. </LI> </UL> </P>
Processes and Filters Shaping Soil Microbial Diversity Assessed by High throughput Sequencing
Sebastien Terrat,Samuel Dequiedt,Melanie Lelievre,Virginie Nowak,Patrick Wincker,Corinne Cruaud,Nicolas Saby,Claudy Jolivet,Dominique Arrouays,Pierre-Alain Maron,Lionel Ranjard,Nicolas Chemidlin Prevo 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6