Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Brain Atrophy: A Meta-Analysis (Diabetes Metab J 2022;46:781-802)

Tianqi Zhang,Marnie Shaw,Nicolas Cherbuin 대한당뇨병학회 2022 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.46 No.5

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Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Brain Atrophy: A Meta-Analysis

Tianqi Zhang,Marnie Shaw,Nicolas Cherbuin 대한당뇨병학회 2022 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.46 No.5

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with cognitive decline and brain structural changes. This study systematically reviews and estimates human brain volumetric differences and atrophy associated with T2DM.Methods: PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library were searched for brain imaging studies reporting on brain volume differences between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls. Data were examined using meta-analysis, and association between age, sex, diabetes characteristics and brain volumes were tested using meta-regression.Results: A total of 14,605 entries were identified; after title, abstract and full-text screening applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 64 studies were included and 42 studies with compatible data contributed to the meta-analysis (n=31,630; mean age 71.0 years; 44.4% male; 26,942 control; 4,688 diabetes). Individuals with T2DM had significantly smaller total brain volume, total grey matter volume, total white matter volume and hippocampal volume (approximately 1% to 4%); meta-analyses of smaller samples focusing on other brain regions and brain atrophy rate in longitudinal investigations also indicated smaller brain volumes and greater brain atrophy associated with T2DM. Meta-regression suggests that diabetes-related brain volume differences start occurring in early adulthood, decreases with age and increases with diabetes duration.Conclusion: T2DM is associated with smaller total and regional brain volume and greater atrophy over time. These effects are substantial and highlight an urgent need to develop interventions to reduce the risk of T2DM for brain health.

A socioecological framework for research on work and obesity in diverse urban transit operators based on gender, race, and ethnicity

BongKyoo Choi,Peter Schnall,Marnie Dobson,Haiou Yang,Dean Baker,YoungJu Seo 대한직업환경의학회 2017 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.29 No.-

Urban transit (bus and rail) operators, totaling nearly 700,000 persons, are one of the heaviest occupational groups in the United States (US). Little is known about occupational risk factors for weight gain and obesity and their interrelationship with health-related behaviors, particularly among female minority (African Americans and Hispanics) transit operators who are at greater risk for obesity. As a step towards developing successful obesity interventions among urban transit operators, this paper aims to present a new socioecological framework for studying working conditions, chronic strain, health-related behaviors, weight gain/obesity, and obesity disparity in diverse urban transit operators based on gender, race, and ethnicity. Our framework is a synthesis of several different theories and disciplines: the resource-work load model (work stress), occupational ergonomics, the theory of intersectionality, and worksite health promotion. The framework was developed utilizing an extensive literature review, results from our on-going research on obesity, input from focus groups conducted with Los Angeles transit operators as well as interviews and meetings with transit operator stakeholders (management, unions, and worksite transit wellness program), and ride-along observations. Our hypotheses highlighted in the framework (see Fig. 1) are that adverse working conditions, largely characterized as a combination of high demands and low resources, will increase the risk for weight gain/obesity among transit operators directly through chronic strain and hypothalamic dysfunction (hyper-and hypo-activations), and indirectly through health-related behaviors and injuries/chronic severe pain. We also hypothesize that the observed increase in adiposity among female minority operators is due to their greater exposure to adverse occupational and non-occupational conditions that reflect their intersecting social identities of lower social class and being a minority woman in the US. Our proposed framework could greatly facilitate future transit worksite obesity studies by clarifying the complex and important roles of adverse working conditions in the etiology of weight gain/obesity and obesity disparity among transit operators and other working populations.

Exploring Occupational and Behavioral Risk Factors for Obesity in Firefighters: A Theoretical Framework and Study Design

Choi, Bong-Kyoo,Schnall, Peter,Dobson, Marnie,Israel, Leslie,Landsbergis, Paul,Galassetti, Pietro,Pontello, Andria,Kojaku, Stacey,Baker, Dean Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2011 Safety and health at work Vol.2 No.4

Firefighters and police officers have the third highest prevalence of obesity among 41 male occupational groups in the United States (US). However, few studies have examined the relationship of firefighter working conditions and health behaviors with obesity. This paper presents a theoretical framework describing the relationship between working conditions, health behaviors, and obesity in firefighters. In addition, the paper describes a detailed study plan for exploring the role of occupational and behavioral risk factors in the development of obesity in firefighters enrolled in the Orange County Fire Authority Wellness Fitness Program. The study plan will be described with emphasis on its methodological merits: adopting a participatory action research approach, developing a firefighter-specific work and health questionnaire, conducting both a cross-sectional epidemiological study using the questionnaire and a sub-study to assess the validity of the questionnaire with dietary intake and physical activity measures, and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the body mass index as an obesity measure in comparison to skinfold-based percent body fat. The study plan based on a theoretical framework can be an essential first step for establishing effective intervention programs for obesity among professional and voluntary firefighters.

Very Long (> 48 hours) Shifts and Cardiovascular Strain in Firefighters

BongKyoo Choi,Peter L Schnall,Marnie Dobson,Javier Garcia-Rivas,HyoungRyoul Kim,Frank Zaldivar,Leslie Israel,Dean Baker 대한직업환경의학회 2014 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.26 No.-

Shift work and overtime have been implicated as important work-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many firefighters who contractually work on a 24-hr work schedule, often do overtime (additional 24-hr shifts) which can result in working multiple, consecutive 24-hr shifts. Very little research has been conducted on firefighters at work that examines the impact of performing consecutive 24-hr shifts on cardiovascular physiology. Also, there have been no standard field methods for assessing in firefighters the cardiovascular changes that result from 24-hr shifts, what we call “cardiovascular strain”. The objective of this study, as the first step toward elucidating the role of very long (> 48 hrs) shifts in the development of CVD in firefighters, is to develop and describe a theoretical framework for studying cardiovascular strain in firefighters on very long shifts (i.e., > 2 consecutive 24-hr shifts). The developed theoretical framework was built on an extensive literature review, our recently completed studies with firefighters in Southern California, e-mail and discussions with several firefighters on their experiences of consecutive shifts, and our recently conducted feasibility study in a small group of firefighters of several ambulatory cardiovascular strain biomarkers (heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, salivary cortisol, and salivary C-reactive protein). The theoretical framework developed in this study will facilitate future field studies on consecutive 24-hr shifts and cardiovascular health in firefighters. Also it will increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which shift work or long work hours can affect CVD, particularly through CVD biological risk factors, and thereby inform policy about sustainable work and rest schedules for firefighters.

DNA barcoding of fish diversity from Batanghari River, Jambi, Indonesia

Huria Marnis,Khairul Syahputra,Jadmiko Darmawan,Dwi Febrianti,Evi Tahapari,Sekar Larashati,Bambang Iswanto,Erma Primanita Hayuningtyas Primanita,Mochamad Syaifudin,Arsad Tirta Subangkit 한국수산과학회 2024 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.27 No.2

Global climate change, followed by an increase in anthropogenic activities in aquatic ecosystems, and species invasions, has resulted in a decline in aquatic organism biodiversity. The Batanghari River, Sumatra’s longest river, is polluted by mercury-containing illegal gold mining waste (PETI), industrial pollution, and domestic waste. Several studies have provided evidence suggesting a decline in fish biodiversity within the Batanghari River. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the present status of biodiversity in this river is currently lacking. The species under investigation were identified through various molecular-based identification methods, as well as morphological identification, which involved the use of neighbor-joining (NJ) trees. All collected specimens were initially identified using morphological techniques and subsequently confirmed with molecular barcoding analysis. Morphological and DNA barcoding identification categorized all specimens (1,692) into 36 species, 30 genera and 16 families, representing five orders. A total of 36 DNA barcodes were generated from 30 genera using a 650-bp-long fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Based on the Kimura two-parameter model (K2P), The minimum and maximum genetic divergences based on K2P distance were 0.003 and 0.331, respectively, and the average genetic divergence within genera, families, and orders was 0.05, 0.12, 0.16 respectively. In addition, the average interspecific distance was approximately 2.17 times higher than the mean intraspecific distance. Our results showed that the COI barcode enabled accurate fish species identification in the Batanghari River. Furthermore, the present work will establish a comprehensive DNA barcode library for freshwater fishes along Batanghari River and be significantly useful in future efforts to monitor, conserve, and manage fisheries in Indonesia.

Geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular symphysis in Class III skeletal base

Kui Fei Teo,Murshida Marizan Nor,Alizae Marny Mohamed,Helmi Mohd Hadi Pritam 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.4

This study aimed to investigate the general mandibular symphysis (MS) shape variation among Class III skeletal base, using geometric morphometric analysis. Pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 254 patients aged 11–40 years old, with Class III skeletal base (ANB <1o) and lower incisor angle (<99o) were included. Nine-landmarks with x and y coordinates were identified on MS using TPSDig2 software, then exported into Morpho J for shape and statistical analysis. Principal component analysis showed that three main shape dimensions with a total variance of 74.6% represented the majority variation of samples. Procrustes Anova showed the shape of MS in Class III skeletal base to be mainly influenced by gonial angle, incisor inclination and sex (P<0.0001). Canonical variate analysis showed that high gonial angle groups had significantly narrower and elongated MS whereas low gonial angle groups had wider, bulbous and rounded MS (P<0.0001). The ratio of alveolar part to basal part was 1:5 in low gonial angle and 2:3 in high gonial angle. Males had significantly taller MS with narrower B point area compared to females (P<0.0001). Retroclined incisors exhibited taller and retroclined alveolar parts (P<0.0001). The shape of MS in Class III skeletal base varied at the alveolar part, basal part or both and it is influenced by gonial angle, incisor inclination and sex. Hence, understanding the shape variation of MS is important to aid orthodontic treatment planning.

Anatomical variation of quadratus plantae in relation with flexor digitorum brevis

Punnapa Raviteja,Mrudula Chandrupatla,Ramoju Harshitha,Marni Sameer Chowdary 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.4

The muscles of the sole have been traditionally categorized into four layers, but it is more practical to divide them into peripheral and central groups. The peripheral groups include medial and lateral groups. The central plantar muscles are more numerous and divided into superficial and deep layers. During routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad, variations are been observed in the plantar intrinsic muscle in the left foot & right foot of a 53-year-old male cadaver. This is the first cadaveric report of a combination of discrepancies especially the inter-tendinous connection between quadratus plantae and flexor digitorum brevis. Similar observations in the literature were not found by us. It is important to identify and study these dissimilarities of muscles of the sole for surgeons, anatomists, radiologists and orthopaedics as these muscles and tendons are used in foot reconstructive procedures, and for the treatment of some congenital anomalies.

Hydrogels: Glacier Moraine Formation-Mimicking Colloidal Particle Assembly in Microchanneled, Bioactive Hydrogel for Guided Vascular Network Construction (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2/2015)

Lee, Min Kyung,Rich, Max H.,Shkumatov, Artem,Jeong, Jae Hyun,Boppart, Marni D.,Bashir, Rashid,Gillette, Martha U.,Lee, Jonghwi,Kong, Hyunjoon Wiley (John WileySons) 2015 Advanced Healthcare Materials Vol.4 No.2

Glacier Moraine Formation-Mimicking Colloidal Particle Assembly in Microchanneled, Bioactive Hydrogel for Guided Vascular Network Construction

Lee, Min Kyung,Rich, Max H.,Shkumatov, Artem,Jeong, Jae Hyun,Boppart, Marni D.,Bashir, Rashid,Gillette, Martha U.,Lee, Jonghwi,Kong, Hyunjoon Wiley (John WileySons) 2015 Advanced Healthcare Materials Vol.4 No.2

<P>This study demonstrates that a new method to align microparticles releasing bioactive molecules in microchannels of a hydrogel allows the guiding of growth direction and spacing of vascular networks.</P>