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Marjorie Fullerton,Janak Khatiwada,Jacqueline U. Johnson,Shurrita Davis,Leonard L. Williams 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.9
The use of medicinal plants as natural antimicrobial agents is gaining popularity. Sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is widely used for the treatment of diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of sorrel on Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from food, veterinary, and clinical samples. Phenolics of the calyces were extracted from 10 g of ground, freeze-dried samples using 100 mL of 80% aqueous methanol. Concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% methanol extract of sorrel were investigated for its antimicrobial activity. Inhibition zones were indicated by a lack of microbial growth due to inhibitory concentrations of sorrel diffused into semisolid culture medium beneath the sorrel-impregnated disk. The results of this experiment showed that the most potent sorrel concentration was 10%, then 5%, and finally 2.5%. The overall mean zone of inhibition for the sorrel extract was 12.66 mm for 10%, 10.75 mm for 5%, and 8.9 mm for 2.5%. The highest inhibition zones (11.16 mm) were observed in veterinary samples, and the lowest (10.57 mm) in the food samples. There were significant (P<.05) differences among mean zones of inhibition found in the food, veterinary, and clinical sources. Based on the source of samples and concentration of sorrel extract, the lowest mean inhibition was 7.00±0.04 mm from clinical samples, and the highest was 15.37±0.61 mm from a food source. These findings indicated that sorrel was effective at all levels in inhibiting E. coli O157:H7; thus it possesses antimicrobial activity and hold great promise as an antimicrobial agent.
The Conceptualist Turn:Wittgenstein and the New Writing
( Marjorie Perloff ) 한국영어영문학회 2015 영어 영문학 Vol.61 No.4
In Wittgenstein’s lexicon, the highest art is that which somehow presents us with life itself as it is actually lived, conveyed in the “language of information” but framed so as to render it other, unfamiliar, strange. Wittgenstein’s dictum in his Culture & Value #6 that “The work of art forces us to see it in the right perspective, but without art the object is only a part of nature like any other,” goes in tandem with the Conceptualist movement in art. Since the late 1960s, when artists declared that theirs was a conceptual art and invoked the example of Wittgenstein, the role of context, circumstance, and framing have become increasingly central. In the art world, the case for conceptualism was made decades ago, but in the poetry world, notions of “original” language, the authentic self, and unique personal emotion die hard. Wittgenstein and Duchamp can provide the context for the conceptual movement in art and poetry. In fact, conceptual writing, inimical by definition to the short, self-contained lyric poem and often dependent on book form, is especially difficult to anthologize. It is the leading French conceptualist Sophie Calle who provides the bridge to such current “conceptual” performance poets as Vanessa Place, Caroline Bergvall, and Kenneth Goldsmith. Her recent publication in English by Lisa Pearson’s Siglio Press, of both The Address Book and Suite Venetienne may be the moment to reconsider conceptualism in a fresh perspective.
Marjorie Chipofya 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2017 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2017 No.7
According to the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, all children have the right to a good quality education that respects their human dignity and promotes the development of their potential. Education is a fundamental right of all children, girls as well as boys as articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN 2015), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC 1989) and the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW 1979). The right to education is directly guaranteed in Malawi`s constitution and the Government of Malawi is a party to the most important regional and international conventions protecting the right to education having ratified the CEDAW and the CRC, in addition to the African Charter on Human and Peoples` Rights(1989) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Increasing access to quality education for girls has been identified by various scholars as one of the key priority in addressing promotion of women empowerment. Violence against girls is one of the major causes of girls` poor performance in class and may lead to drop out from school. The qualitative study on Gender-Based Violence was part of the United States Aid that funded the Safe Schools programme in 2008 and the Department for International Development (DFID) that funded a study conducted by the Centre for Education Research and Training (CERT), Malawi Institute of Education (MIE) and Sussex School of Education in 2004. The study found that violence against girls is rampant in Malawian schools and the reported forms of violence range from sexual aggravation, exploitation, harassment, verbal, emotional and psychological abuse to corporal punishment. This paper examines the effectiveness of interventions that seek to reduce violence against girls in the school and community environment in the Malawian setup.
Building Strong Culture and Art Education Programs: Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Approaches to Policy
Marjorie Cohee Manifold 한국국제미술교육학회 2013 미술과 교육 Vol.14 No.2
The author contends that the highest cultural and artistic expressions of a nation aredependent not only upon High Art expressions by its academically trained artists and craftspersons, but also upon the Vernacular cultural and artistic expressions of its living peoples.Two policy approaches to informal community-based culture and art education are described.Top-down approaches are designed and implemented by academically educated (High Arts)experts with little community input; bottom-up approaches rely heavily on input fromcommunity (Low Art) or Vernacular arts experts. While top-down policies are found to beimmediately effective, they may lack longevity. The effects of bottom-up policies to cultureand art education are slower to achieve, but ultimately may be longer lasting and more deeply effective.
Marjorie Reyes-Farias,Karla Vasquez,Angelica Ovalle-Marin,Francisco Fuentes,Claudia Parra,Vilma Quitral,Paula Jimenez,Diego F. Garcia-Diaz 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.5
Obesity is characterized by an increase in the infiltration of monocytes into the adipose tissue, causing an inflammatory condition associated with, for example, the development of insulin resistance. Thus, anti-inflammatory-based treatments could emerge as a novel and interesting approach. It has been reported that Chilean native fruits maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) and calafate (Berberis microphylla) present high contents of polyphenols, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of extracts of these fruits to block the pathogenic interaction between adipocytes and macrophages in vitro and to compare its effect with blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) extract treatment, which has been already described to possess several biomedical benefits. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 5 μg/mL lipopolysaccharides (LPS), with conditioned media (CM) from fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, or in a coculture (CC) with 3T3-L1 adipocytes, in the presence or absence of 100 μM [total polyphenolic content] of each extract for 24 h. The gene expression and secretion profile of several inflammatory markers were evaluated. Nitric oxide secretion induced by LPS, CM, and CC was reduced by the presence of maqui (- 12.2%, - 45.6%, and - 14.7%, respectively) and calafate (- 27.6%, - 43.9%, and - 11.8%, respectively) extracts. Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and TNF-α was inhibited and of IL-10 was induced by maqui and calafate extract incubation. In conclusion, the extracts of these fruits present important inhibitory-like features over the inflammatory response of the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages, comprising a potential therapeutic tool against comorbidities associated with obesity development.