http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Die Weiterverbreitung von Rundfunkprogrammen in Kabelnetzen
Marian Paschke 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2013 경제규제와 법 Vol.6 No.2
In Germany, the legal situation about the retransmission of terrestrial broadcast channels in cable networks is developing along the regulation of broadcasting law, telecommunication law and copyright law. According to broadcasting law the competent media authorities are entitled to oblige the cable operators to spread particular programs in the cable networks in order to ensure the diversity of opinion. Corresponding rules implement the constitutional order to forward a varied and balanced program; herewith, the constitutionally protected freedom of information of individuals and the functioning of the democratic order should be guaranteed. Content and scope of this obligation to feed and retransmit must-carry-programs are different in analog and digital cable networks. In analog cable networks with limited technical capacities there is an obligation to feeding and retransmitting of the cable network for all public programs; this may in principle lead to the fact that the total capacity of the network is exploited with such must-carry-programs. There is no comparable far-reaching obligation for digital programs. The cable operator has to transfer a maximum of one-third of the total capacity of the network with must-carry-programs of public service broadcasters. The obligation to pay fees for the retransmission of must-carry-programs is basically subject to the telecommunication law. This obligation applies to the regulation of the network usage. However, the German telecommunication law does not provide an obligation to pay fees for providers of must-carry-programs. Under German broadcasting law an obligation to pay fees for the retransmission of terrestrial broadcast channels does not exist. The regulations which legally require the cable operatorsto feed defined programs of public broadcasting companies in the cable network and to redistribute them there, do not entitle to payment of retransmission fees. With respect to a controversially discussed legal opinion an obligation to pay transmission fees may not be derived from general legal principles, in particular with regard to the protection for the fundamental rights of cable operators or the general antitrust law. The cable operators acquire the right to retransmit must-carry-programs by reaching an appropriate license agreement with the providers of public programs.
Marian Werner 동국대학교 불교학술원 2007 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.8 No.-
In this essentially personal article the author, an Englishwoman, describes how her interest in Korea started and developed, and what drew her from her Christian roots towards Buddhism. A student of English literature, she found in poems such as those by John Keats a poignant expression of the unsatisfactoriness of life which is the basis of the first Noble Truth expounded by Gautama Buddha. She and her husband became acquainted with the richness of Korean culture through an exhibition in London, and subsequently through reading various books, but it was not until 1999 that they paid their first visit to South Korea. What they found so entranced them that they have been back six more times. Their main interest has been in seeing as many Buddhist temples and hermitages as possible, and so far they have visited about 170. No two temples are alike, and all are treasure-houses. In exploring all the halls open to visitors, the author was intrigued to see the shrines to Sansin and the ubiquitous tiger, and has since made a point of paying her respects to the mountain spirits who, she believes, occupy an important role in Korean tradition and seem even to have the power to change the weather. The beauty of Korean sculpture, architecture and painting, together with the exquisite natural surroundings in which most Korean Buddhist temples are located, is part of the reason for the author’s enthusiasm, but more especially there is the way of life demonstrated by the monks and nuns who are resident in the temples. She wonders if eventually her karma will bring her in that direction.
Marian Werner 동국대학교 불교학술원 2007 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.9 No.-
The author and her husband paid their eighth visit to South Korea in 2007. They would like to return many more times, but are not getting any younger and the day is inevitably approaching when they will have to put away their maps and leaflets and rely on wonderful memories and their photographs and video films. Starting in 1999 they have spent a total of twenty-four weeks exploring different regions of the country, with a particular interest in seeking out Buddhist temples. Last year they went back to four places already somewhat familiar to them: Seoul, Seoraksan, Gyeongju and Busan. On this occasion they visited thirty-nine temples and hermitages, twenty-four for the first time. The following account is not a travelogue but is simply an Englishwoman’s attempt to set down some of the remarkable characteristics of Korean culture which have drawn her and her husband to return over and over again. As on every other visit, there were surprises in store, from a country which has endured numerous setbacks over the centuries but has managed to preserve strong links with its past and to come up smiling.
Use of e-plastic waste in concrete as a partial replacement of coarse mineral aggregate
Marian Sabău,Johnny R. Vargas 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2018 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.21 No.4
The accelerated increase of the population growth rate in the world and the current lifestyle based on consumerism considerably increased the amount of waste generated by the human activity. Specifically, e-plastic waste causes significant damage to the environment because of its difficult degradation process. This paper aims to establish the feasibility of using eplastic waste in concrete as a partial replacement of coarse mineral aggregate. Considering a control mix without e-plastic waste designed for a compressive strength of 21 MPa, tests on concrete mixes with 40, 50 and 60% of e-plastic waste aggregate to determine the fresh and hardened properties were carried out. A reduction in the compressive strength as the percentage of eplastic waste increases was observed, the maximum reduction being 44% with respect to the control mix. In addition, a significant reduction as much as 22% in the density of the concrete mixes with e-plastic waste was recorded, which means that lighter elements can be produced with this type of concrete. Two new equations based on regression analysis of the experimental data from this study were proposed. These equations estimate the reduction in the compressive strength of concrete mixes with e-plastic waste aggregate at 14 and 28 days. A cost analysis and a practical alternative to introduce this waste material into the market are also presented.
Phenolic Compounds in Plant Foods : Chemistry and Health Benefits
Marian Naczk,Fereidoon Shahidi 한국식품영양과학회 2003 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.8 No.2
Phenolic compounds in food and plant materials belong to the simple phenols, phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, lignans and lignins, all of which are considered as secondary plant metabolites. These compounds may be synthesized by plants during normal development or in response to stress conditions. Phenolics are not distributed uniformly in plants. Insoluble phenolics are components of cell walls while soluble ones are present in vacuoles. A cursory account of phenolics of cereals, beans, pulses, fruits, vegetables and oilseeds is provided in this overview. The information on the bioavailability and absorption of plant phenolics remains fragmentary and diverse. Pharmacological potentials of food phenolics are extensively evaluated. However, there are many challenges that must be overcome in order to fully understand both the function of phenolics in plant as well as their health effects.
Marian, Christel M.,Kock, Sebastian C.,Hundsdorfer, Claas,Martin, Hans-Dieter,Stahl, Wilhelm,Ostroumov, Evgeny,Muller, Marc G.,Holzwarth, Alfred R. Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.2
For the natural carotenoid 3,3'-dihydroxyisorenieratene (DHIR) and two synthetic derivatives, 3,3'-dihydroxy-16,17,18,16',17',18'-hexanor-$\Phi$,$\Phi$-carotene (DHHC) and $\Phi$,$\Phi$-carotene-3,3'-dione (DHIRQ, isorenieratene-3,3'-dione), steady state absorption experiments and combined density functional and multi-reference configuration interaction calculations were carried out. In addition, femtosecond transient absorption spectra were recorded for DHIR. Due to their marked out-of-plane distortion in DHIR, the phenolic end groups participate only partially in the conjugation system. In the low-energy regime its absorption spectrum with the maximum at $21\;700\;cm^{-1}$ in acetone solution therefore closely resembles that of $\beta$-carotene, the same as for the $T_1$ energy. Further similarities are also found for the decay kinetics of the optically bright $1^1{B_u}^+$ state of these compounds. After femtosecond excitation, the $1^1{B_u}^+$ population of DHIR decays with a lifetime of 110 fs to the vibrationally hot $2^1{A_g}^-$,v state which in turn relaxes to the $2^1{A_g}^-$,0 state within 500 fs. Decay of the $2^1{A_g}^-$,0 state to the $S_0$ state occurs at a time scale of 12 ps. Demethylation of the phenolic end groups alleviates the steric repulsion by the polyene chain and causes a small red shift ($1000\;cm^{-1}$) comparing the absorption spectra of DHHC and DHIR. Oxidation of DHIR leads to drastic changes of the electronic and geometric properties. The quinoid end groups of DHIRQ are fully integrated into the conjugation system, shifting the absorption maximum to $17\;800\;cm^{-1}$ in acetone solution which thus takes a blue color. The results of the quantum chemical calculations indicate that, in addition to the $2^1{A_g}^-$ ($S_1$) state, two dark internal charge-transfer singlet states and the $1^1{B_u}^-$ state might be located energetically below the optically bright $1^1{B_u}^+$ ($S_5$) state of DHIRQ.