Stakeholders Driven Requirements Engineering Approach for Data Warehouse Development

Manoj Kumar,Anjana Gosain,Yogesh Singh 한국정보처리학회 2010 Journal of information processing systems Vol.6 No.3

Text Detection in Natural Images by Connected Component Analysis

Manoj Kumar,JongHyun Park,GueeSang Lee 한국멀티미디어학회 2009 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.1

Text in a digital image contains important cue to the scene understanding and can be useful for many applications. Detecting and extracting such text is a difficult task. The main problem in extracting text from natural images is caused by several reasons including font size variation, alignment of text and variation of font colors. In this paper, we propose a connected component based method to automatically detect the text region from natural images. Since text regions in mages contain mostly repetition of vertical strokes, we try to find a pattern of closely packed vertical edges. Once the group of edges is found, neighboring vertical edges are connected to each other. Connected regions with geometric features out of valid specifications are considered as outliers and eliminated. The proposed method is effective for slanted or curved characters compared to existing methods. Experimental results are given for the validation of our approach.

Effect of oxygen ambient on structural, optical and electrical properties of epitaxial Al-doped ZnO thin films on r-plane sapphire by pulsed laser deposition

Manoj Kumar,최세영,R.M. Mehra 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.4

Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films were grown epitaxially on r-plane sapphire substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Substrate temperature of 400 ℃ and pulsed repetition rate of 5 Hz was kept constant during the deposition. The effect of oxygen ambient pressure from 0.1 to 10 mTorr on structural, optical and electrical properties of the ZnO:Al films were investigated. The lowest resistivity was found to be 2.14 × 10-3 Ω-cm with a carrier concentration of 6.89 × 1019 cm-3 for the film deposited in 1 mTorr of oxygen pressure. ZnO:Al film revealed smoother surface obtained at oxygen ambient pressure of 1 mTorr. The epitaxial relationship between ZnO:Al films and r-plane sapphire was found to be (0001)ZnO // (0112)sapp and [1010]ZnO // [0111]sapp. Photoluminescence spectra of the film grown at the oxygen ambient pressure of 1 mTorr exhibited peak at 3.34 eV, without any deep level. Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films were grown epitaxially on r-plane sapphire substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Substrate temperature of 400 ℃ and pulsed repetition rate of 5 Hz was kept constant during the deposition. The effect of oxygen ambient pressure from 0.1 to 10 mTorr on structural, optical and electrical properties of the ZnO:Al films were investigated. The lowest resistivity was found to be 2.14 × 10-3 Ω-cm with a carrier concentration of 6.89 × 1019 cm-3 for the film deposited in 1 mTorr of oxygen pressure. ZnO:Al film revealed smoother surface obtained at oxygen ambient pressure of 1 mTorr. The epitaxial relationship between ZnO:Al films and r-plane sapphire was found to be (0001)ZnO // (0112)sapp and [1010]ZnO // [0111]sapp. Photoluminescence spectra of the film grown at the oxygen ambient pressure of 1 mTorr exhibited peak at 3.34 eV, without any deep level.

An Analytical Framework for Studying the Determinants of Vertical Specialization in Asian Countries

Manoj Kumar Academy of Asian Business (AAB) 2018 Academy of Asian Business Review Vol.4 No.1

The paper first presents and modifies this model and then explores its predictions in an empirical analysis of the determinants of vertical specialization (VS) as defined by an index developed by Hummels et al. (2011). The index is calculated for a cross-section of 45 Asian countries and 5 sectors and regressed on a number of variables affecting the timeliness of delivery. In this paper, we identify a deeper dimension of the rising trade shares: the increased importance of imported inputs in the production of goods that are exported that is, vertical specialization. Our evidence from case studies and regression results tables points to large and increasing shares of trade that can be attributed to vertical-specialization based trade. The quantification of VS based trade for each country/product pair in each period is made in a relative and conservative manner, since it includes only the value of intermediate imports that surpasses what is implied by the chosen threshold. The detailed results can be subsequently added up to get any product or geographical breakdown desired. We illustrate this measure by showing the evolution of VS activities at the level over the last four decades using a product breakdown by technological intensity and a geographical breakdown by main areas. There is also empirical evidence on the sharp increase of VS activities in Asia. It is found that vertical specialization is sensitive to trade barriers and infrastructure quality and cost of infrastructural services. The relative importance of trade barriers and various indicators of infrastructure vary between sectors. Thus, we can expect the importance of vertical trade to grow as the world economy heads into the twenty first century.

VCO Design using NAND Gate for Low Power Application

Manoj Kumar 대한전자공학회 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.5

Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is widely used circuit component in high-performance microprocessors and modern communication systems as a frequency source. In present work, VCO designs using the different combination of NAND gates with three transistors and CMOS inverter are reported. Three, five and seven stages ring VCO circuits are designed. Coarse and fine tuning have been done using two different supply sources. The frequency with coarse tuning varies from 3.31 GHz to 5.60 GHz in three stages, 1.77 GHz to 3.26 GHz in five stages and 1.27 GHz to 2.32 GHz in seven stages VCO respectively. Moreover, for fine tuning frequency varies from 3.70 GHz to 3.94 GHz in three stages, 2.04 GHz to 2.18 GHz in five stages and 1.43 GHz to 1.58 GHz in seven stages VCO respectively. Results of power consumption and phase noise for the VCO circuits are also been reported. Results of proposed VCO circuits have been compared with previously reported circuits and present circuit approach show significant improvement.

Digital Controlled Oscillator Design with Novel 3 Transistors XOR Gate

Manoj Kumar,Sandeep K. Arya,Sujata Pandey 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.6 No.1

Growth of p-type ZnO thin film on n-type silicon substrate and its application as hybrid homojunction

Manoj Kumar,Jyoti Prakash Kar,In-Soo Kim,최세영,명재민 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.1

A report on the preparation of p-type ZnO thin films, codoped with Al and N, on n-type Si (100) substrate by RF sputtering technique is presented. The as-grown films were found to be n-type and the conduction was converted to p-type on annealing in Ar ambient. ZnO homojunction was fabricated by growing a three-dimensional ZnO hybrid structure of p-type ZnO films, n-type ZnO nanowire and n-type Al-doped ZnO films in order. The current―voltage characteristics clearly showed a diode like rectifying behavior. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra showed dominant peak at 3.20 eV with a broad deep level emission. The electroluminescence spectrum of heterojunction structure exhibited deep level emission at 2.37 eV and ultraviolet emission at 3.20 eV when the injected current attained 100 mA.

Text Extraction from Complex Natural Images

Manoj Kumar,GueeSang Lee 한국콘텐츠학회 2010 International Journal of Contents Vol.6 No.2

The rapid growth in communication technology has led to the development of effective ways of sharing ideas and information in the form of speech and images. Understanding this information has become an important research issue and drawn the attention of many researchers. Text in a digital image contains much important information regarding the scene. Detecting and extracting this text is a difficult task and has many challenging issues. The main challenges in extracting text from natural scene images are the variation in the font size, alignment of text, font colors, illumination changes, and reflections in the images. In this paper, we propose a connected component based method to automatically detect the text region in natural images. Since text regions in mages contain mostly repetitions of vertical strokes, we try to find a pattern of closely packed vertical edges. Once the group of edges is found, the neighboring vertical edges are connected to each other. Connected regions whose geometric features lie outside of the valid specifications are considered as outliers and eliminated. The proposed method is more effective than the existing methods for slanted or curved characters. The experimental results are given for the validation of our approach.

Atomic layer deposited HfO2 based metal insulator semiconductor GaN ultraviolet photodetectors

Manoj Kumar,Burak Tekcan,Ali Kemal Okyay 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.12

A report on GaN based metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) with atomic layer deposited (ALD) 5-nm-thick HfO2 insulating layer is presented. Very low dark current of 2.24 1011 A and increased photo to dark current contrast ratio was achieved at 10 V. It was found that the dark current was drastically reduced by seven orders of magnitude at 10 V compared to samples without HfO2 insulating layer. The observed decrease in dark current is attributed to the large barrier height which is due to introduction of HfO2 insulating layer and the calculated barrier height was obtained as 0.95 eV. The peak responsivity of HfO2 inserted device was 0.44 mA/W at bias voltage of 15 V.

A Hybrid Novel Approach of Video Watermarking

Manoj Kumar,Sangeet Sriastava,Arnold Hensman 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.10

The rapid evaluation of image manipulation and tampering has evoked the need for protecting digital data. Therefore a copyright protection method is used to protect the user information known as watermarking. Watermarking is the major image processing technique used to authenticate digital data. In this paper a hybrid approach is proposed to protect the digital data and also authenticates the user information. The proposed approach is an improvement over traditional video watermarking approaches. It uses fractions from the watermarked image to embed into the unique frames of the original video. The whole approach is divided into three steps which are described in the next sections of this paper. To check the resilience and robustness of this approach, various attacks are implemented over the watermarked video. After attacks, watermark image is extracted from the watermarked video to check the robustness of this approach. The quality of the recovered watermarked image is analysed using bit error rate. Experimental results show that this approach is very robust compared to other approaches.