Diffusion of Water in Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers

Manoj, N.R.,Ratna, D.,Weiss, R.A. The Polymer Society of Korea 2004 Macromolecular Research Vol.12 No.1

Using gravimetry, we have studied the diffusion of water into sulfonated polystyrene ionomers. Diffusion coefficients were calculated from Fick's equation. The water sorption was found to be dependent on the ion content (3.6-11 mol%) and the nature of the cation (H, Na, Li, or Zn). The sorption kinetics indicates a slight deviation from Fickian behavior. We used the analytical solution of Fick's equation to evaluate the concentration profiles, which are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Paruthi Paal, a nutrient-rich healthy drink from cottonseed: an Indian delicacy

Manoj Kumar 한국식품연구원 2019 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.6 No.-

Paruthi Paal is a very nutritious drink that is very much popular in the Tamil Nadu state of India. Paruthi Paal is regarded as “triple-nutrient” as it is a very rich source of protein, essential fatty acids, and sugars and can be called as an energy drink. The present paper will be focussed on developing a process protocol for the preparation of the nutrient-rich product “Paruthi Paal” from the traditional knowledge available. The paper also focusses on typical ingredients required for making this healthy drink. Further, this paper will present various health benefits of cottonseed which includes healing of stomach ulcer, regulation of menstrual cycle, curing cold and cough, maintaining blood pressure and also acting as an antioxidant. Overall, the study leads to a development of a protocol and a traditional delicious product (Paruthi Paal) with a view to popularise among other parts of the globe.

VCO Design using NAND Gate for Low Power Application

Manoj Kumar 대한전자공학회 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.5

Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is widely used circuit component in high-performance microprocessors and modern communication systems as a frequency source. In present work, VCO designs using the different combination of NAND gates with three transistors and CMOS inverter are reported. Three, five and seven stages ring VCO circuits are designed. Coarse and fine tuning have been done using two different supply sources. The frequency with coarse tuning varies from 3.31 GHz to 5.60 GHz in three stages, 1.77 GHz to 3.26 GHz in five stages and 1.27 GHz to 2.32 GHz in seven stages VCO respectively. Moreover, for fine tuning frequency varies from 3.70 GHz to 3.94 GHz in three stages, 2.04 GHz to 2.18 GHz in five stages and 1.43 GHz to 1.58 GHz in seven stages VCO respectively. Results of power consumption and phase noise for the VCO circuits are also been reported. Results of proposed VCO circuits have been compared with previously reported circuits and present circuit approach show significant improvement.

Novel visible-light-driven cobalt loaded neutralized red mud (Co/NRM) composite with photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue dye degradation

Manoj Kumar Sahu,Raj Kishore Patel 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.40 No.-

Cobalt doped neutralized red mud (Co/NRM) nanocomposite materials were prepared by impregnationmethod for the photodegradation of methylene blue dye under solar light irradiation. Different Co/NRMcatalysts were prepared by varying the weight ratio of Co and NRM and characterized by differentinstrumental techniques. Under solar light 97.21% degradation was observed in the presence of 0.08 g ofCo/NRM (Co:NRM::20:80) photocatalyst within 150 min for 20 mg/L methylene blue solution at pH9. These results underline the potential use of effective, low-cost and easily available photocatalysts forthe promotion of water splitting and environmental remediation under natural sunlight.

Filamentous Virus-Templated Nickel Hydroxide Nanoplates as Novel Electrochemical Pseudocapacitor Materials

Manoj Mayaji Ovhal,Hock Beng Lee,Neetesh Kumar,오진우,강재욱 한국고분자학회 2024 폴리머 Vol.48 No.2

Pseudocapacitive metal hydroxide nanostructures are promising active electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Here, we demonstrate the in-situ growth of nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanostructures on filamentous M13 bacteriophage template. The M13-Ni(OH)2 bio-nanostructure exhibits a fibrous morphology and a preferential growth orientation along the (001) crystal plane. Interestingly, the M13-Ni(OH)2 electrode demonstrates superior electrochemical properties. The areal capacitance (Ca) of M13-Ni(OH)2 and Ni(OH)2 electrodes was 18 mF/cm2 and 14 mF/cm2, respectively, indicating a 28% increase. The improved electrochemical performance is due to the increased surface roughness, enhanced charge adsorption/desorption sites, and reduced charge transfer resistance. This also contributed to an 18% increase in cyclic stability compared to the Ni(OH)2 electrode analogue. Overall, this work successfully shows the use of a bio-template to control the growth of novel metal-oxide nanostructures for energy storage applications.

Production of hydrogen-rich syngas and multiwalled carbon nanotubes by biogas decomposition over zirconia supported iron catalysts

Manoj Pudukudy,Zahira Yaakob,Khaleeda Mhd Syahri,Qingming Jia,Shaoyun Shan 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.84 No.-

A set of Fe/ZrO2 catalysts were successfully synthesized by a facile urea-assisted solid-state combustionmethod, and their catalytic test was evaluated for the thermal decomposition of undiluted-biogas intohydrogen-rich syngas and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The as-prepared catalysts werecharacterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy (SEM andTEM), Nitrogen-physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Temperature programmedreduction analyses. The iron was found in the form of hematite and metallic-iron in the fresh andreduced catalysts respectively. A suitable metal-support interaction due to thefine surface dispersion ofiron species on ZrO2 was observed in the catalysts. The N2-physisorption analysis indicated the reducedsurface area of the catalysts after iron loading. However, it does not influence the catalytic efficiency sincethe metal amount and metal-support interaction was determined to play the main role. The Fe/ZrO2catalysts exhibited improved catalytic efficiency. With increasing the amount of iron and increasing thereaction temperature, the CH4 and CO2 conversions were increased significantly. A highest CH4 and CO2conversions of 92% and 89% respectively, with an H2/CO ratio of2.25 were obtained for the 50%Fe/ZrO2catalyst at 900 C. The enhanced catalytic performance could be attributed to thefine-surface dispersionof iron-nanocrystals on ZrO2. Moreover, the MWCNTs were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and Ramananalyses for their structural properties.

Chronic Nonmodulated Microwave Radiations in Mice Produce Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviours and Calcium- and NO-related Biochemical Changes in the Brain

Manoj Kumar,Surya P. Singh,Chandra M. Chaturvedi 한국뇌신경과학회 2016 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.25 No.6

The present study was aimed to investigate behavioural and biochemical effects of chronic exposure of amplitude modulated and non-modulated microwave radiation on laboratory mice. Chronic microwave exposures were executed with 2.45 GHz of either modulated (power density, 0.029 mW/cm2; specific absorption rate, 0.019 W/Kg with sinusoidal modulation of 400 Hz) or nonmodulated continuous sinusoidal wave (power density, 0.033 mW/cm2; specific absorption rate, 0.023 W/Kg) for 2 hrs daily for 1 month. Mice subjected to non-modulated microwave exposure had significantly increased acetylcholinesterase activity and increased intracellular calcium and nitric oxide levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and also had increased glucose and corticosterone levels in blood compared to control mice. These non-modulated microwave-exposed mice exhibited anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours. In contrast, mice exposed to modulated microwave for the same period did not show such changes in concomitant biochemical and behavioural analyses. These results suggest that chronic non-modulated microwave, but not modulated microwave, radiation may cause anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain.

Genome Organization in Coffee as Revealed by EST PCRRFLP, SNPs and SSR Analysis

Manoj Kumar Mishra,Patrizia Tornincasa,Barbara De Nardi,Elisa Asquini,René Dreos,Lorenzo Del Terra,Rajkumar Rathinavelu,Paola Rovelli,Alberto Pallavicini,Giorgio Graziosi 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

An EST-based PCR-RFLP method was employed to gain insight into genome organization in eight allopolyploid Coffea arabica cultivars and seven diploid coffee species. The PCR-amplified products at 19 EST loci were digested with 46 different restriction enzymes and size fractioned in agarose gels. Most often, the sum of the fragments length was double or more than the PCR product. In arabica, this condition could be explained by assuming the presence of duplicated loci in paralogous chromosomes and this was supported by considerable evidence of multiple loci SSR amplification. Based on the RFLP analysis, 12 EST loci were polymorphic. The level of polymorphism was higher in different species compared to the arabica varieties. Sequencing of the amplified products revealed a SNP frequency of 0.021 among diploid species and of 0.007 among arabica varieties. We propose that the involvement of two genomes in C. arabica maintains a residual level of heterozygosity in the form of paralogous chromosomes, while the self-fertilization in this species tends to drive of homozygosity. The heterozygosity of paralogous chromosomes in arabica creates valuable polymorphism essential for species diversity and survival in various ecological niches, while self-fertility tends to preserve in homozygosity many genes of functional significance.

Electro-discharge machining performance of TiCN-based cermets

Manoj Kumar, B.V.,Ramkumar, J.,Basu, B.,Kang, S. MPR Pub. Services 2007 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS AND HAR Vol.25 No.4

The present investigation aims at evaluating the die sinking electro-discharge machining (EDM) performance of TiCN-20wt.% Ni cermets containing 10wt.% of different secondary carbides: WC, NbC and TaC. Such performance is assessed in terms of making cavity of 1mm depth on a commercial high speed tool steel (HSS). The material removal rate (MRR) is found to be higher for TiCN-20wt.% Ni cermet; however tool wear ratio (TWR) is lower for TiCN-20Ni-10TaC cermet. The quality of cermet tool surface has been quantitatively assessed using surface roughness tester and it was observed that the roughness (R<SUB>a</SUB> or R<SUB>z</SUB>) of TiCN-20Ni-10TaC cermet tool surface is lower, when compared with that of other investigated cermets. SEM-EDAX analysis of EDM surfaces reveal melting and evaporation of the binder as well as pull-out and spalling of brittle carbonitride/carbide grains as the dominant wear mechanisms. The layer formation due to solidification of molten layer and/or transfer of material from workpiece is commonly observed for all the cermet tool surfaces.

Erosion Wear Behavior of TiCN?Ni Cermets Containing Secondary Carbides (WC/NbC/TaC)

Manoj Kumar, B. V.,Basu, Bikramjit,Kang, S.,Ramkumar, J. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2006 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY - Vol.89 No.12