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Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Ma. Salvacion P. Flores,Reynaldo L. Tan,Nanette A.Aquinoa,Glenn N. Baticados 한국무역연구원 2014 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.10 No.1
Among Asian countries, the Philippines ranked third after Vietnam and China in terms of pig production. Philippine swine production is dominated by backyard farms which is one of the major contributors in the livestock industry and in the entire agriculture sector. The native Philippine swine (Sus scrofa philippinensis) is the predominant breed raised in backyards. The value chain of native swine raised in the Quezon Province and processed as lechon in La Loma, Quezon City, Philippines was analyzed in this study. Primary data were obtained through personal interviews with the producers, agents, traders, processors and end consumers. Secondary sources of data were also used in this study. Results showed that the value chain of the Philippine native swine comprised small-scale holders. The important value chains identified and described were the backyard producers, village agents, hog dealers, lechon processors and end consumers. Furthermore, it was noted that backyard producers had the highest value added per unit during the lean season while the processors had the highest value added per unit for the peak season. Production of native pigs can be a viable source of income for swine producers who cannot cope with the high price of commercial swine feeds and for those who have limited capital, making it essential to conserve and preserve this breed and provide the enabling environment factors in the supply and demand areas.
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Paulo Niko F,David,Nohreen Ethel P,Manipol,Jeanette Angeline B,Madamba,Rachelle A,Mariano The International Academy of Global Business and T 2019 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.15 No.2
Purpose – This research assessed shrimp farmers’ awareness, perception, adoption, and certification as well as discussed the challenges relative to the Philippine National Standards Code of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAqP) in the three municipalities of Bulacan, the Philippines, Hagonoy, Paombong, and Calumpit, to gauge their readiness toward exploring trade opportunities. Design/Methodology/Approach – The exploratory and pioneering assessment was based on the farm production practices and challenges encountered by fifty (50) shrimp farms in the study area, which were obtained through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and observations on the respondents’ shrimp farming practices. The adoption of GAqP practices was measured by frequency count of the number of farmers who practiced or complied with the standards. Findings – Results showed that only two of the respondents were aware of the term GAqP, as the majority were not familiar with GAqP, nor with the certification process. However, it was observed that the current practices of the farmers were already compliant with almost half of the standards specified in GAqP. Furthermore, it was noted that the respondents adopted certain standards that were related to the production aspects of shrimp rearing, but other aspects, such as environmental, socio-economic, and animal welfare, were rarely followed. Research Implications – The current production of shrimp in the study area will not be sustainable unless full adoption with GAqP is achieved. Certain issues regarding adoption and certification of GAqP were identified, which included a lack of information dissemination, an absence of demand for certified products in the local market, and misaligned goals of national and local government for the implementation of standards. To address these issues, intensification of GAqP implementation, information dissemination, and development of an incentive program for GAqP compliance are recommended if shrimp industry players are to take advantage of burgeoning trade possibilities, particularly in the export market.
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Glenn N. Baticados,Necy B. Capuno,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Earl John C. Elizondo,Reynaldo L. Tan,Maritess B. Panabang 한국무역연구원 2014 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.10 No.1
The profiles and Personal Entrepreneurial Competency (PEC) of all BS Agribusiness Management (BSABM) and Master of Management (MM) students enrolled in the University of the Philippines Los Baños during the second semester of Academic Year (AY) 2013-2014 were analyzed. Statistical differences among the PEC scores were tested using the Mann-Whitney U Test. In turn, the relationship or association of independent variables with dependent variables were tested using the Spearman Rank Correlation (for metric variables namely, age, number of siblings, sibling rank and student classification) and Chi Square Test of Independence (for nonmetric variables namely, sex, family business, exposure to symposiums, engagement in organization, business experience). The PEC results showed that in general, BSABM students excelled in three competencies which include goal setting, information seeking, and systematic planning and monitoring. On the other hand, MM students scored the highest in seven competencies, particularly opportunity seeking, persistence, goal setting, information seeking, systematic planning and monitoring, persuasion and networking and selfconfidence. The average mean of PEC revealed that MM graduate students were better than BSABM students in nine (9) competencies which were opportunity seeking, persistence, commitment to work contract, demand for quality and efficiency, goal setting, information seeking, systematic planning and monitoring, persuasion and networking and self-confidence. However, BSABM students were able to outscore MM students in terms of risk-taking. The Chi-Square Test of Independence showed that exposure to symposiums was significantly correlated with opportunity seeking and information seeking. Engagement in organization was found to be significantly associated with opportunity seeking, and persistence. Moreover, having a family business was also found to be significantly related with information seeking. The ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that male students had lower persuasion and networking competency levels and students with their own businesses had higher demand for quality and efficiency, systematic planning and monitoring and information seeking competency levels. Given the above benchmark information, the Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship (DAME) should focus on redesigning its existing degree program curricula to enhance the entrepreneurial preparedness and competencies of the students to meet the needs of the modern workplace and the competitive world of business in general. In particular, there is a need to advance the skills of the students in different areas of communication, presentation, negotiation, and networking. In support of the entrepreneurial competency development of the BSABM and MM students, the study implies the need to upgrade the knowledge and skills of the DAME faculty to build their credibility and better equip them to teach entrepreneurship courses.
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Jan Elmore R. Javier III,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Mar B. Cruz,Dia Noelle F. Velasco 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08
This paper determined the awareness of the respondents, namely the commercial swine farm raisers in Ibaan and Lipa City, Batangas, to GAHP and the certification process. Furthermore, the study assessed the compliance of the farms according to the GAHP standards. In presenting and assessing the various farm operations, frequency percentages and descriptive analysis were used. The results showed that majority of the respondents had were unaware of the concept of GAHP. Furthermore, all were not aware of the GAHP certification process. In assessing the compliance of the farms, it was observed that farms are generally adopting GAHP but were unaware. Constraints to compliance and certification determined were the lack of awareness, noncompulsory certification, compliance to documents, confidentiality and cost. Drivers for better GAHP compliance and certification included were the government, market, and the companies engaged in contract growing. Recommendations were to conduct more information disseminations, stricter government enforcements, and improved branding for consumers to improve the GAHP situation in the country.
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Assessing the Economic Benefits of Investment in Capacity Building
Normito R. Zapata Jr.,Bates M. Bathan,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Garry Jay S.Montemayor The International Academy of Global Business and T 2016 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.12 No.1
This paper presented the results of an economic assessment study commissioned by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (PCAARRD-DOST). Primary data on production, costs, investments, and socio-economic and farm-specific characteristics were obtained from 382 goat enterprise owners from Leyte, La Union, Isabela, and Nueva Ecija, Philippines using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The analytical method used to measure the return on the donor’s investment is the Benefit-Cost-Analysis (BCA). The study showed that the investment on capacity building generated a Net Present Value (NPV) of Php 3.8 million, a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.36 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 35.48%. It is therefore concluded that the Rural Enterprise Development (RED) project provided positive returns on the investments of PCAARRD and the participating Local Government Units (LGUs). Hence, it was recommended that the Department of Agriculture institutionalize the RED Project so that it could be replicated in other regions of the country.
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The Chicken Value Chain Ecosystem in La Union, Philippines: Trade Challenges and Prospects
Arnelie G,Laquidan,Jeanette Angeline B,Madamba,Nohreen Ethel P,Manipol,Faustino Q,Arrienda II 아시아무역학회 2019 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.6 No.1
The study presents the profile and relationship dynamics of actors involved in chicken value chain as well as the characterization, trade challenges and opportunities of the chicken value chain ecosystem in La Union, Philippines. Descriptive surveys were utilized and results were evaluated using World Bank Group’s Agricultural Value Chain Ecosystem, cost-return analysis, relationship dynamics and profitability analysis. Results reveal two chains for broiler, eight chains for layer and three chains for native chicken. Value-added analysis reflects the intermediaries engaged in ready-to-consume meals from chicken products have the highest values. These include eateries, local restaurants, night market vendors and fried chicken vendors. Profitability analysis showed that intermediaries preparing ready-to-consume meals gained the most per kilogram of broiler meat or per piece of egg. Broiler and layer farms and wholesalers have smaller net return per chicken and per egg, but gained the most because of product volume. The current situation poses challenges and prospects that the different actors in the chicken value chain could address and take advantage of. Recommendations include contract growers to continuously abide with the terms set by integrators. Broiler and layer farms with conventional housing must invest in tunnel ventilation and intermediaries in facilities and equipment to ensure quality of chicken products. With the high potential provided by native chicken, raisers must adopt an entrepreneurial mindset. Government interventions include capacity building, financial support, research and development for the three sub-sectors, as the product is a commodity which contributes to food supply stability and employment.
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Bethzaida Genesis F. Girang,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Loida E. Mojica,Arlene C. Gutierrez,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol 아시아무역학회 2020 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.7 No.2
Purpose – The volume of local coffee production in the past 10 years has been declining. Despite this, several smallholder coffee farmers are still able to subsist in the industry through various diversification modes and strategies. This study primarily assessed the different diversification mode choices and strategies of coffee farmers in Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study utilized a field survey of 60 respondents and descriptive analysis. Findings - Results revealed that majority of the farmers in Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines already practiced either on-farm diversification (85% of farmers) exclusively or mixed diversification (15% of farmers) in their farms. Specifically, farmers plant several types of crops and practice 34 cropping combinations that would benefit the farming business. The top five of these crop combination choices are (1) Coffee – Banana – Coconut – Guyabano (Soursop), (2) Coffee – Black Pepper – Rambutan – Cacao – Lanzones – Sinturis – Jackfruit – Chico (Sapodilla) – Santol (Cotton Fruit), (3) Coffee-Banana-Coconut-Black Pepper-Lanzones, (4) Coffee – Banana – Coconut – Black Pepper – Rambutan – Lanzones – Ginger, and (5) Coffee – Banana – Coconut – Black Pepper – Ube (Purple Yam) – Ginger. The decision of the farmer to choose the diversification mode (on-farm, off-farm, and/or non-farm diversification) to be implemented in the farm was affected by socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age and household), farm characteristics, personal and philosophical factors, economic/business factors, and market factors. However, the decision of the farmer to choose the diversification strategy (crop combination) to be implemented was equally affected by the seasonality of the crops, income stream, cash flow, and other market factors. Research Implications – Diversification mode choices and strategies chosen by farmers including crop combination decisions appear to be influenced by a number of factors and thus, since each farm situation is unique, the decision is primarily the farmer’s choice.
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Pia Adelie M. Mortel,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Jewel Joanna S. Cabardo,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Rachelle A. Mariano The International Academy of Global Business and T 2017 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.13 No.2
With agribusiness as one of the five priority areas of today’s government (Romualdez, 2017), identifying the competency needs of the industry and developing a matching workforce is important for development. However, few similar studies regarding agribusiness competencies have been done in a Philippine setting. Thus, this study provided insights on employer perceptions on relevant competencies and career readiness of entry-level college graduate employees participating in agribusiness/support institutions in Laguna, Philippines. Non-random sampling was conducted depending on the availability of employer-respondents. A list of agribusiness-related enterprises and support institutions was collated from primary data (list provided by local government units and site visits of select areas in the province of Laguna, Philippines) and secondary data (web searches and referrals). Out of the 94 contacted, a total of 51 employers in Laguna province (41 businesses and 10 institutions) participated in the study, primarily through self-administered questionnaires. Fifty-two entry-level employees in different job fields were grouped by degree and university for analysis. Twenty-two competencies derived by Miller et al. (2005) from previous studies were used for the evaluation. A Likert-scale was used to express an employer’s perceived level of importance, expectation, and performance for the competencies. Descriptive statistics such as median, quartile and interquartile ranges, cross-tabulations, chi-square test of association, and Cramer’s V for strength of association were used to analyze the given ratings. Findings revealed that communication-based competencies and technical competencies (agriculture/business-specific knowledges) remain the top relevant competencies in agribusiness. External factors are associated with the emergence of new competencies (such as globalization and computer technology-related skills) becoming increasingly important in agribusiness. Entry-level college graduates were mostly rated to be proficient and career ready; however, there are competencies such as negotiation (N-UPLB graduates with ABM degree) and interdependence of business functions (UPLB graduates with N-ABM degree) where further training is needed. Thus, students and professors of educational institutions may have to align their learning and teaching, respectively, in order to address lacking or underdeveloped competencies for better employability.
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