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Gopi, Chandu V. V. M.,Venkata-Haritha, Mallineni,Seo, Hyunwoong,Singh, Saurabh,Kim, Soo-Kyoung,Shiratani, Masaharu,Kim, Hee-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dalton Transactions Vol.45 No.20
<P>To make quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) competitive, we investigated the effect of Ni2+ ion incorporation into a CdS layer to create long-lived charge carriers and reduce the electron-hole recombination. The Ni2+ -doped CdS (simplified as CdNiS) QD layer was introduced to a TiO2 surface via the simple successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method in order to introduce intermediateenergy levels in the QDs. The effects of different Ni2+ concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 mM) on the physical, chemical, and photovoltaic properties of the QDSSCs were investigated. The Ni2+ dopant improves the light absorption of the device, accelerates the electron injection kinetics, and reduces the charge recombination, which results in improved charge transfer and collection. The 15% CdNiS cell exhibits the best photovoltaic performance with a power conversion efficiency (eta) of 3.11% (J(SC) = 8.91 mA cm(-2), VOC = 0.643 V, FF = 0.543) under one full sun illumination (AM 1.5 G). These results are among the best achieved for CdS-based QDSSCs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit voltage decay (OCVD) measurements confirm that the Ni2+ dopant can suppress charge recombination, prolong the electron lifetime, and improve the power conversion efficiency of the cells.</P>
Nunna, Mahesh,Dasaraju, Rupak Kumar,Kamatham, Rekhalakshmi,Mallineni, Sreekanth Kumar,Nuvvula, Sivakumar The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2019 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.19 No.5
Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction and counter-stimulation (CS) on dental anxiety and pain perception to local anesthesia in children. Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional clinical trial with a parallel design was used. Seventy children 7-11 years old who required local anesthesia (LA) for pulp therapy or tooth extraction were recruited and allocated to two groups with equal distribution based on the intervention. Group CS (n = 35) received CS and Group VR (n = 35) received VR distraction with ANTVR glasses. Anxiety levels (using pulse rate) were evaluated before, during, and after administration of local anesthesia, while pain perception was assessed immediately after the injection. Wong-Baker faces pain-rating scale (WBFPS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Venham's clinical anxiety rating scale (VCARS) were used for pain evaluation. Student's t-test was used to test the mean difference between groups, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the mean difference of pulse rates. Results: Significant differences in mean pulse rates were observed in both groups, while children in the VR group had a higher reduction (P < 0.05), and the mean VCARS scores were significant in the VR group (P < 0.05). Mean WBFPS scores showed less pain perception to LA needle prick in the CS group while the same change was observed in the VR group with VAS scores. Conclusions: VR distraction is better than CS for reducing anxiety to injection in children undergoing extraction and pulpectomy.
Lee, Young-Seok,Gopi, Chandu V. V. M.,Venkata-Haritha, Mallineni,Kim, Hee-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dalton Transactions Vol.45 No.32
<P>Charge recombination occurring at the TiO2/QDs/electrolyte interface is a crucial factor that limits the power conversion efficiency (eta) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). This paper presents a new approach by inserting a ZnS layer between the TiO2 and CdS/ZnS to prepare a TiO2/ZnS/CdS/ZnS sensitized photoelectrode for QDSSC applications. The CdS QDs and ZnS passivation layers were deposited using a reproducible and controlled successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The TiO2/ZnS/CdS/ZnS based QDSSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (eta) value of 3.69%, which is significantly higher than the 3.02% and 2.09% observed for solar cells with a TiO2/CdS/ZnS device and without a passivation layer (TiO2/CdS), respectively. The elevated performance of the TiO2/ZnS/CdS/ZnS-based QDSSCs was attributed to the pre-assembled ZnS layer enhancing the light harvesting and acting as a blocking layer to shield the TiO2 core from the outer QDs and the electrolyte, thereby retarding the interfacial recombination of electrons from the TiO2 with the electrolyte or with the QDs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit voltage decay measurements showed that the TiO2/ZnS/CdS/ZnS-based QDSSCs inhibit charge recombination remarkably at the photoanode/electrolyte interface and prolong the electron lifetime.</P>