Double-Deck Inverse Opal Photoanodes: Efficient Light Absorption and Charge Separation in Heterojunction

Ma, Ming,Kim, Jung Kyu,Zhang, Kan,Shi, Xinjian,Kim, Sung June,Moon, Jun Hyuk,Park, Jong Hyeok American Chemical Society 2014 Chemistry of materials Vol.26 No.19

<P>For the first time, double-deck WO<SUB>3</SUB>/BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> inverse opal photoanodes (DDIO-WO<SUB>3</SUB>/BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>) were prepared by swelling–shrinking mediated polystyrene template synthetic routes, and the use of the photoanodes in photoelectrochemical cells under simulated solar light was investigated. The double-deck photoanodes represented the compact interface between WO<SUB>3</SUB> and BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>, inheriting the periodically ordered macroporous nanostructure. More significantly, the DDIO-WO<SUB>3</SUB>/BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> inverse opal photoanodes prepared from the optimized fabrication condition demonstrated a photocurrent that was ∼40 times higher than that of the pure inverse opal WO<SUB>3</SUB> photoanodes at a bias of 1.23 V vs RHE. Even without an added catalyst, they produce an outstanding photocurrent density of ∼3.3 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at a bias of 1.23 V vs RHE, which profits from improving the poor charge carrier mobility of BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> by combining it with a WO<SUB>3</SUB> skeleton and a shrouded bilayer inverse opal structure with a large surface area and good contact with the electrolyte.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2014/cmatex.2014.26.issue-19/cm502073d/production/images/medium/cm-2014-02073d_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm502073d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

면역반응 조절과 면역 치료법

마정재,변광호 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1994 藥學論文集 Vol.10 No.-

기종성 방광염 1예

마성권,나명윤,박종욱,고정희,염충호,김수완,김남호,최기철 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

세치제 짜는 방법에 따른 보육교사의 어린이용 세치제 사용량 조사

손정희,박일순,마득상 韓國學校保健學會 2009 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the toothpaste squeezing methods and the amount of toothpaste that the daycare teachers apply for the children in order to prevent the overuse of fluoride-containing toothpaste among children, and to understand their educational experiences on oral health and their awareness of the right amount of toothpaste used. Methods: The subjects in this study were 87 teachers at 16 different daycare centers in the city of Sokcho, Gangwon Province. They were interviewed to find out whether they had ever received oral health education and whether they were cognizant of the right amount of toothpaste to be used. And a transverse technique and a pea-sized squeezing technique were selected to look for connections between their toothpaste squeezing methods and the amount of toothpaste used by them. Results: 89.7 percent of the daycare teachers investigated taught to preschoolers how to do toothbrushing after they took meals and had a snack. 36.8 percent of the daycare teachers had children squeeze toothpaste on their own. The amount of toothpaste applied by the daycare teachers at a time was 0.58g. When they utilized two other squeezing methods, transverse technique and pea-sized squeezing technique, they used each 0.38g (p<0.005) and 0.38g(p=0.405) of toothpaste. Conclusion: To prevent children from being overly exposed to fluoride-containing toothpaste, daycare teachers should learn about the right amount of toothpaste to be used when oral health education is provided, and the transverse technique should be recommended to ensure the use of the proper amount of toothpaste.

혼화재료로서 석분토의 재활용 가능성 평가

이상욱,김성원,오상균,김정길,마상준 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

Stone-Dust are inevitable by-products of almost rocky mountains which produce artificial sands in korea. The annual amounts of Stone-Dust is over 80,000㎥ approximately. Almost pre-existing Stone-Dust piled up out in the open space on disposed of industrial waste, it can result in critical environmental problem. The aim of this study is to promote the recycling of industrial waste as a kind of material of admixture. This study conducted some experiments such as pozzolan reaction test and flow test, compressive strength of mortar using Stone-Dust in heat-treatment. As a result of, compressive strength of mortar using stone-dust in heat-treatment is superior in the case of 700℃ 90min.

Controlled crystal facet of MAPbI₃ perovskite for highly efficient and stable solar cell <i>via</i> nucleation modulation

Ma, Yongchao,Hangoma, Pesi Mwitumwa,Park, Woon Ik,Lim, Jae-Hong,Jung, Yun Kyung,Jeong, Jung Hyun,Park, Sung Heum,Kim, Kwang Ho The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Nanoscale Vol.11 No.1

<P>The crystallization of MAPbI3 perovskite films was purposefully engineered to investigate the governing factors which determine their morphological properties and moisture stability. By modulating nucleation, we obtained a single layer perovskite film with controlled crystal facet orientation and grain size. The lack of perovskite nucleation sites during crystallization allowed us to tailor the resulting crystallization phase. Theoretical calculations indicated that the nucleation sites for perovskite growth are related to the electron density around the oxygen atom (CO and SO) in a Lewis base. A single layer of micrometer-sized and (110)-oriented perovskite crystals was achieved in the optimized MAPbI3 films <I>via</I> suppressing the formation of nucleation sites. We fabricated inverted perovskite solar cells with the structure of glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PC61BM/Al which exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 17.5% and a high fill factor over 83%. In addition, a study of the moisture stability indicated that the (110) facet orientation of the perovskite grains plays a more important role in film degradation than grain size.</P>

흰쥐 腦의 中心扁桃核에서의 Substance P 및 Enkephalin 함유구조의 형태학적 특징

마도훈,조희중,김은희,박매자,배용철,홍해숙,주강 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1990 慶北醫大誌 Vol.31 No.4

흰쥐 뇌의 중심편도핵에서의 substance P (SP) 및 Enkephalin (ENK) 함유신경세포 및 축삭종말의 분포를 관찰하기 위하여 peroxidase antiperoxidase법을 행하여 다음의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. SP함유신경세포는 중심편도핵의 medial zone에 분포하였고 SP함유축삭종말은 lateral capsular zone에서 고밀도로 관찰되었다. SP함유신경세포는 원형 내지는 타원형이었고 2∼3개의 근위수상돌기(proximal dendrite)를 가졌다. ENK함유신경세포 및 축삭종말은 공히 central 및 lateral capsular zone에 존재하였다. ENK함유 신경세포는 직경이 약 17-24㎛ 정도였고 3∼4개의 근위수상돌기를 관찰할 수 있었다. The central amygdaloid nucleus is rich in a number of neuropoptides. The present study examines the distribution and morphological characteristics of substance P (SP) and leucine-enkephalin (ENK) containing neurons in this nucleus. The results obtained were as follows: SP immunoreactive cells were observed within the medial zone and SP immunoreactive axon terminals were heaviest within the lateral capsular zone. The immunoreactive cells were round or oval shape (diameter, 15-20㎛) and had two or three proximal dendrites. ENK immunoreactive cells and axon terminals located within central and capsular zones. The immunoreactive cells were round or oval shape (diameter, 17-24㎛) and had three or four proximal dendrites.

Effects of calcination atmosphere on monodispersed spherical particles for highly optical transparent yttria ceramics

Jung, Wook Ki,Ma, Ho Jin,Jung, Se Woon,Kim, Do Kyung Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing) 2017 Journal of the American Ceramic Society Vol.100 No.5

A robust approach for highly transparent Y₂O₃ ceramics by stabilizing oxygen defects

Jung, Wook Ki,Ma, Ho Jin,Park, Youngtae,Kim, Do Kyung Elsevier 2017 Scripta materialia Vol.137 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Highly transparent Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics were fabricated suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies during vacuum sintering for the first time. Oxygen stabilization in transparent Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics was successfully enabled by additional ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> oxygen source considering thermodynamics. The oxygen-stabilized ceramics approached nearly theoretical transmittance without further post-annealing and hot isostatic presssing. This new approach is potentially applicable for the fabrication of other transparent ceramics.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Oxygen stabilization in transparent Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics is successfully enabled during vacuum sintering by additional ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> oxygen source. The oxygen-stabilized ceramics shows nearly theoretical transmittance without further post-annealing and HIP procedure. This new approach is potentially applicable for the fabrication of other transparent ceramics.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

측부 인두강 조절 피판술(Lateral port Control Postrior Pharyngeal Flap)의 임상적 고찰

마흥수,정중길,함기선 大韓成形外科學會 1983 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.10 No.2

In 1973, Hogan first reported the lateral port control(L.P.C.) pharyngeal flap surgery, modification of the superiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap, introducing the concept of positive port control utilizing a “catheter technique”. This modification is superior to the classical posterior pharyngeal flap for speech improvement, but there have been some reports that complications occurred during the postoperative period. This method of operation has not been fully accdepted by plastic surgeons throughout the world, even though it has many advantages for better speech improvement. So, there are still many unclarified clinical problems: what are the reasons for the occurrence of complications following the surgery, how long the insertion of the catheter should be kept or how the complications can be reduced. There are some recent interesting reports about the reduction of these complications to the same level as in the classical flap when operation is performed after a complete preoperative study including nasopharyngoscopy and lateral or basal cineradiography for an accurate evaluation of velopharyngeal function. The authors caried out this analysis based on a retrospective review of clinical recordings of 217 patients operated on during the past 5 years from 1977 to 1982 at St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul. 142 patients out of the 217 underwent nasoendoscopy and lateral cineradiography study, and 87 patients of the 142 were subjected to complete speech evaluation by the above examinations. The study of complications was made on the 142 patients by two objective fimls, and the speech evaluation was conducted for the 87 patients by means of two objective films and a subjective examination. The patients were divided into three groups preoperatively according to the width & distance of velophavryngeal gap on endoscopy and lateral cineradiography. The incidence of complications was observed as to the duration of cthete insertion, with the catheter remoed within three days after operation in one group and fie days in another group. The following results were obtained. 1. Speech improvement has no relation with the degree of the preoperative V.P.I., but L.P.C. has a higher frequency of speech improvement and the frequency of complications is similar to that in the clasical posterior pharyngeal flap surgery. 2. Based on endoscopic findings and a long-term follow-up study, it is recommendable that the catheter by inserted for five days for the acquisition of an adequate port size and resulting speech ability. 3. The most frequent complications were nasal obstruction, oral breathing and snoring.