Transnational Prostitution

SINGH, Maina Chawla Ewha Womans University Press 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.4

Feminism in India

SINGH, Maina Chawla Ewha Womans University Press 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.2

Philanthropy, Voluntarism, and Women's Education in Colonial India : A Study of the Bethune School, Calcutta

SINGH, Maina Chawla Asian Center Women's Studies Korean Women's Instit 2000 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.6 No.3

This study focuses on the Bethune School, Calcutta (founded 1849) to examine the interplay between philanthropy, women's education, and nationalist politics in colonial India. First, it analyzes the institution as a venture in collaborative philanthropy in which the role of the local Indian community was crucial and continuous. Secondly, this essay argues how within the historical context of nineteenth-century colonial India, such an institution played a significant role in extending women's horizons beyond the domestic. The institutional culture encouraged student associations and alumni networking, generating new patterns for women's voluntarism and political activism. Finally, situating this within the context of Indian nationalism, this article comments on the life-choices of some Bethune alumnae who later became social workers and activists. The work of these women facilitates a better understanding of the interplay between colonialism, women's Voluntarism, and nationalist politics in India. The question is no longer doubtful, it is not now that we are to say, Shall we succeed? We has e succeeded: and the banner which we plant this day, with the blessing of God, shall never go backwards, until its supremacy is felt and thankfully acknowledged in every part of the land (John Drinkwater Bethune's speech, 7 May 1849, quoted in Nag, 1950: 109).

Mental health from a gender perspective

Singh, Maina Chawla Ewha Womans University Press 2002 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.8 No.1

Status of Plant Variety Protection System and Seed Industry in Africa

Simon Mucheru Maina 한국원예학회 2017 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2017 No.10

Identification of Fungal Isolates from Steeped Yam (Gbodo): Predominance of Meyerozyma guilliermondii

Joan Modupe Babajide,Solomon Maina,Benjamin Kiawa,Robert Skilton 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

Gbodo is a traditional Nigerian fermented dried yam food using tubers or slices. Identification of microbes using conventional methods reveals only a fraction of the true microbial community. Forty-five fungal isolates associated with gbodo at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h of steeping/ fermentation were identified using molecular techniques. Ribosomal RNA-ITS fragments of genomic DNA were amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers and subjected to nuclecotide sequence determination. Meyerozyma gulliermondii represented 56-78% of isolates during 24 h of yam steeping. Sixty-seven percent of all identified isolates were members of the genera Meyerozyma and Pichia. The biodiversity index of fungal isolates increased from 0.33 at 0 h to 0.56 at 12 h. M. guilliermondii exhibited a resilient presence in isolates.

EVALUATION OF OXYTOCIN LIKE EFFECTS OF Uvariodendron kirkii (Verdec.) EXTRACTS ON ISOLATED UTERINE STRIPS OF WISTAR RATS

Kinyua, Esther Wairimu,Maina, Charles Irungu,Kaingu, Catherine Kaluwa,Wafula, David Kayaja Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2020 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.10 No.1

Uterotonics have the ability to contract uterus. Such plants might be useful in augmenting or inducing labour, expelling retained afterbirth and for abortifacient purposes. Limitations associated with conventional treatments have made herbal medicines a feasible alternative for the management of these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contractile effects of Uvariodendron kirkii extracts on isolated uterine strips of female Wistar rats. Isolated strips of Wistar rats' uteri were treated with 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml concentrations of Uvariodendron kirkii aqueous extract. The plant extract was also tested against prostaglandin and oxytocin induced uterine contractions. Uvariodendron kirkii extract concentrations (20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml) increased the frequency of uterine contraction (16.53, 25.12, 33.48 and 56.39 percentages respectively) compared to the control. The graded extract concentrations caused a significant increase in amplitude (force) of uterine contractions by 2.87, 9.22, 16.37 and 24.32 percentages respectively. The concentrations significantly increased the frequency of oxytocin induced uterine contractions by 6.92; 28.31; 47.06, 58.78 percentages respectively. The graded extract concentrations also significantly increased the amplitude of oxytocin induced uterine contractions by 6.07; 9.40; 15.19 and 23.56 percentages respectively. Uvariodendron kirkii extract concentrations significantly increased the frequency and amplitude of prostaglandin induced contractions. The percentage increase in frequency was 11.44, 8.92, 20.65 and 35.71 at 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml respectively. The mean amplitude of prostaglandin induced uterine contractions also increased (4.75, 3.89, 8.29 and 15.91% at 20. 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml respectively). The extract caused a dose dependent increase in uterine frequency and amplitude of contraction. The findings of thisstudy are useful in generating a novel uterotonic agent that will be useful in augmenting labour or in expelling retained after birth in cattle. More studies at molecular level will further elucidate the plant mechanism of action.

The Impact of General Medical Conditions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Andrea Aguglia,Maria Salvina Signorelli,Umberto Albert,Giuseppe Maina 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.3

ObjectiveaaThe co-occurrence of general medical conditions (GMCs) and major psychiatric disorders is well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of GMCs in patients with a primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and, secondly, to investigate which clinical variables are associated with the presence of a GMC. MethodsaaSubjects with a primary diagnosis of OCD were included. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. GMCs were classified using the ICD-10 and grouped according to the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) in: cardiac, vascular, hematopoietic, respiratory, ear/nose/throat, upper and lower gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, neurologic, endocrine/metabolic. The association between the presence of GMCs and demographic/clinical variables of OCD was investigated. ResultsaaA total of 162 patients with OCD were included. 78 (48.1%) patients had at least one comorbid GMC. Most frequent GMCs were endocrine/metabolic diseases (25.9%), followed by upper/lower gastrointestinal (20.5%) and cardio-vascular diseases (13.6%). The presence of a GMC was significantly associated with female gender, older age, duration of untreated illness (DUI), and absence of physical activity. ConclusionaaPatients with OCD have high rates of comorbid GMCs. A longer DUI is associated with having at least one GMCs; this might be due to the long-lasting adoption of unhealthy lifestyles, not counterbalanced by appropriate treatment and psychoeducation.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, a Probiotic Strain Isolated from Traditional Maasai Fermented Milk

정해영,최상행,강지희,지요셉,박소영,Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel,Julius Maina Mathara,박건석 한국미생물·생명공학회 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.1

Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, isolated from a Maasai fermented milk product (“kule naoto”), was previously shown to exhibit bile acid resistance, cholesterol assimilation, and adhesion to HT29-MTX cells in vitro. In this study, we re-annotated and analyzed the previously reported complete genome sequence of strain BFE5264. The genome consists of a circular chromosome of 3,086,152 bp and a putative plasmid, which is the largest one identified among L. rhamnosus strains. Among the 2,883 predicted protein-coding genes, those with carbohydrate-related functions were the most abundant. Genome analysis of strain BFE5264 revealed two consecutive CRISPR regions and no known virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, previously known highly variable regions in the genomes of L. rhamnosus strains were also evident in strain BFE5264. Pairwise comparison with the most studied probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG revealed strain BFE5264-specific deletions, probably due to insertion sequence-mediated recombination. The latter was associated with loss of the spaCBA pilin gene cluster and exopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Comparative genomic analysis of the sequences from all available L. rhamnosus strains revealed that they were clustered into two groups, being within the same species boundary based on the average nucleotide identities. Strain BFE5264 had a sister group relationship with the group that contained strain GG, but neither ANI-based hierarchical clustering nor core-gene-based phylogenetic tree construction showed a clear distinctive pattern associated with the isolation source, implying that the genotype alone cannot account for their ecological niches. These results provide insights into the probiotic mechanisms of strain BFE5264 at the genomic level.

Prevalence and Effect of Workplace Violence against Emergency Nurses at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Kibunja, Betty Kiunga,Musembi, Horatius Malilu,Kimani, Rachel Wangari,Gatimu, Samwel Maina Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.2

Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) is a major occupational and health hazard for nurses. It affects nurses' physical and psychological well-being and impacts health service delivery. We aimed to assess the prevalence and describe the consequences of WPV experienced by nurses working in an emergency department in Kenya. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among emergency nurses at one of the largest tertiary hospitals in Kenya. We collected data using a structured questionnaire adapted from the 'WPV in the Health Sector, Country Case Studies Research Instruments' questionnaire. We described the prevalence and effects of WPV using frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the 82 participating nurses, 64.6% were female, 57.3% were married and 65.8% were college-educated (65.8%). Participants' mean age was 33.8 years (standard deviation: 6.8 years, range: 23-55). The overall lifetime prevalence of WPV was 81.7% (n = 67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.6%-88.8%) and the 1-year prevalence was 73.2% (n = 63, 95% CI: 66.3-84.8%). The main WPV included verbal abuse, physical violence, and sexual harassment. Most incidents were perpetrated by patients and their relatives. No action was taken in 50% of the incidents, but 57.1% of physical violence incidents were reported to the hospital security and 28.6% to supervisors. Perpetrators of physical violence were verbally warned (42.9%) and reported to the hospital security (28.6%). Conclusion: Workplace violence is a significant problem affecting emergency nurses in Kenya. Hospitals should promote workplace safety with zero-tolerance to violence. Nurses should be sensitised on WPV to mitigate violence and supported when they experience WPV.