The application of augmented reality for improving clinical skills: a scoping review

Mahmud Mahmud,Sari Dwi Cahyani Ratna,Sari Djayanti,Arfian Nur,Zucha Muhammad Ary 한국의학교육학회 2024 Korean journal of medical education Vol.36 No.1

Augmented reality technology had developed rapidly in recent years and had been applied in many fields, including medical education. Augmented reality had potential to improve students’ knowledge and skills in medical education. This scoping review primarily aims to further elaborate the current studies on the implementation of augmented reality in advancing clinical skills. This study was conducted by utilizing electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in June 2022 for articles focusing on the use of augmented reality for improving clinical skills. The Rayyan website was used to screen the articles that met the inclusion criteria, which was the application of augmented reality as a learning method in medical education. Total of 37 articles met the inclusion criteria. These publications suggested that using augmented reality could improve clinical skills. The most researched topics explored were laparoscopic surgery skills and ophthalmology were the most studied topic. The research methods applied in the articles fall into two main categories: randomized control trial (RCT) (29.3%) and non-RCT (70.3%). Augmented reality has the potential to be integrated in medical education, particularly to boost clinical studies. Due to limited databases, however, any further studies on the implementation of augmented reality as a method to enhance skills in medical education need to be conducted.

Effect of Agricultural Exports and Imports on Economic Growth in Bangladesh: A Study on Agribusiness Supply Chain

Mostofa Mahmud HASAN(Mostofa Mahmud HASAN ),BM Sajjad HOSSAIN(BM Sajjad HOSSAIN ),Md. Abu SAYEM(Md. Abu SAYEM ),Mahnaz AFSAR(Mahnaz AFSAR ) 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.11

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of agricultural exports and imports on economic growth in Bangladesh and propose an upgraded and customized model of the supply chain for agribusiness growth in Bangladesh to achieve plain sailing and systematic operation and financial gains at home and abroad. Research design, data, and methodology: All data in the research have been collected from secondary sources. Gross domestic product was used as the dependent variable and exports and imports of agricultural products were used as independent variables. Pairwise Granger causality was utilized to see the impact of the variable responsible for the economic growth in Bangladesh and the causal relationship between the variables analyzed was measured using Johansen co-integration test. Results: From the empirical analysis, the researchers observed that agricultural commodity imports and exports have a unidirectional impact on economic growth in Bangladesh and a long-run causal link with economic growth in Bangladesh. The suggested supply chain model of agnbusiness aids in achieving smooth operations, systematic management, and monetary gains both domestically and internationally. Conclusions: This paper contnbutes to the development of a more effective and profitable agribusiness supply chain in Bangladesh systematically through their theoretical and practical implications.

Analysis of leakage factors affecting ECV performance in variable compressor

Mahmud, Md. Iqbal,Cho, Haeng Muk The Korean Society for Energy 2014 에너지공학 Vol.23 No.4

Solenoid operated electromagnetic control valve (ECV) using in an external variable displacement swash plate type compressor is widely used for air conditioning control system because of its low energy consumption and high efficient characteristics. ECV controls the entire vehicle air conditioning system by means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) system that supplied from an external controller. Different pressure ports located within ECV has important functions to control the air/refrigerant flow through its internal passages. The flow paths are preciously maintained with acceptable ranges of leakage (gap) between the parts inside it which is followed by effective design and critical dimensioning of its internal features. Therefore, it saves energy losses from the solenoid operation as well as ensures the balance of forces within it. The research paper highlights analysis of the leakages (at different pressure ports) and dimensioning tolerance factors that affects the ECV performance.

The poetic of Place and the Language`s Formation: A study in Al Harafyesh`s Epic by Najyeb Mahfouz

( Mahmud Ahmad Abd Al-ghafar ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2016 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.20 No.3

There is no need to discuss that Najyeb Mahfouz is not just a great novelist but a great poet as well. It is true that he never published an anthology but his poetic style is clear and easy to be found within his novels. From this view point this paper aimed to find out the poetic style in his big novel " Al Harafysh`s Epic". The paper started with defining the concept "poetic", the way of using "place" and "time" in literature. Then it discussed the poetic style at that novel under these headlines: First: the poetic of text structure (the relation between this novel`s structure as an epic with the traditional classic old epics in Greek literature. This novel consists of 10 stories started with the main character "Ashour Al Najy" who came from a very low standard as a child that never knew his real parents struggled to be the strongest person in the area and to run it with justice and belief. After his death, the whole new generation from his family couldn’t be like him until the last story with last grandson "shams Al deen". The structure depended on the mysterious time that always came from the sound of Parisian odes, and mixing the real time with it. Second: the poetic of opposite couples (such as opposing words: epic/very poor and low social level people as in the title for example) Third: the poetic of intensification (every story has been divided into chapters, the beginning of each chapter was always written with a poetic style that look like a poem.) Fourth: the poetic of Parisian odes (the novel depended on the mysterious atmosphere that the Parisian sound brings every time we read that odes in specific chapter, this paper followed these odes and found out their relation with the main characters in every novel. the main ideas on which the text focuses to make the reader aware of themes like; life/ death, reality/ dream, justice/ injustice...etc. Fifth: the poetic of dreams (dreams always had relation with looking for justice in the whole text, from other side; dreams looked like the shadows of meaning for some big events before it happened.)

Antihyperlipidemic activity of leaf and root extracts of $Premna$ $esculenta$ (Roxb.) in Poloxamer-407 induced hyperlipidemic mice and rats

Mahmud, Zobaer A.,Bachar, Sitesh C.,Qais, Nazmul 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

The ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots of $Premna$ $esculenta$ (Roxb.) were evaluated for antihyperlipidemic activity in poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidemic rats and mice. The administration of the ethanolic extract of leaves induced a significant ($p$ <0.05) reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels as well as the atherogenic index compared to the P-407 induced hyperlipidemic control mice after 24 h of treatment at a single dose of 500 mg/kg p.o. Both the leaf and root extracts significantly ($p$ <0.05) reduced the serum TC, TG, VLDL and LDL levels as well as the atherogenic index compared to P-407 induced hyperlipidemic control rats after 4 days of pretreatment at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day p.o. The lipid lowering effects were compared with standard drug atorvastatin (50 mg/kg p.o.). Furthermore, both extracts showed potential to moderate scavenging activity of superoxide, nitric oxide and DPPH free radicals. In DPPH radical scavenging assay the $IC_{50}$ values of the leaf and root extracts were found to be 425.79 and 20.26 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively while ascorbic acid has the $IC_{50}$ value 16.34 ${\mu}g$/ml. The $IC_{50}$ values of the leaf and root extracts against superoxide radicals were found to be 109.57 and 366.2 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively which were comparable to that of ascorbic acid (99.66 ${\mu}g$/ml). The findings of the investigation demonstrated both antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of the leaf and root extracts of $P.$ $esculenta$ which could help in prevention of hyperlipidemia associated disorders.

Gradient anneal of functionally graded NiTi

Mahmud, Abdus Samad,Liu, Yinong,Nam, Tae-hyun Institute of Physics Publishing 2008 Smart materials & structures Vol.17 No.1

<P>This paper reports on a novel heat treatment method for the creation of functionally graded near-equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloys. The method is an anneal within a temperature gradient after cold work, thus creating a structural gradient within the matrix of the alloy. It is based on the principle that the transformation behaviour and the thermomechanical properties of NiTi are sensitively dependent on the annealing temperature. For the Ti–50.2 at.% Ni alloy used, it was found that the gradient-anneal resulted in varying thermal transformation behaviour along its length and a unique Lüders-type deformation behaviour with a positive stress gradient. Such behaviour provides improved controllability for actuation applications.</P>

Adapting Traditional Murut Motifs into Animated Form - The Design Process of the Motion Graphics Animation "Motif Motion"

Mahmud, Nadia,Zulkiply, Azman,Rashid, Norman,Abd Rahim, Ruslan 한국영상학회 2014 한국영상학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.4

The Murut ethnic group from the East Malaysian state of Sabah has used until the present, intricate motif designs in their lives. These motifs based on the abstraction of the flora, fauna and human figures have been used to decorate the Murut's traditional items such as basketwork and attires. A select number of these motifs possess strong symbolism in the culture of the Murut. Those who are unfamiliar with the culture may find that the motifs' use in primarily traditional and static decorative art, limits the ability of the viewers to grasp their denotative and connotative meaning. The artists used a narrative-driven motion graphics animation to help explain the meaning of these motifs. The music score, based on the music of the Murut Magunatip dance, attempts to further strengthen the connection between the visual imageries with the conceptions inherent in the audience psyche, whilst capturing the dances' spirit of joy and celebration.

A New Switching Scheme Using Hadamard-Coded CDMA and Onboard Multiport Coupler for Multibeam Satellites

Mahmud, Imam,Rahaman, Taifur,Wazedi, Al,Kawai, Kawai 통신위성우주산업연구회 2004 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2004 No.-

Satellite communications are the outcome of research in the area of communications in which the objective is to achieve ever increasing ranges and capacities with the lowest possible costs. With a conventional signal beam satellite the transmission capacity is limited due to its low antenna gain, so a multibeam satellite which can make the antenna gain much higher is prospective. In the multibeam system an onboard switching device is necessary to interconnect among beams. For example, the payload for SS-TDMA includes a programmable switch matrix having a number of inputs and outputs equal to the number of beams. This paper proposes a new alternative system for controlling the interconnection without onboard switch devices. This system uses Hadamard-coded CDMA as a multiple access scheme and a Multiport coupler onboard. Each earth station chooses the appropriate Hadamard code corresponding to the destination beam. The satellite which includes passive circuits using a multiport coupler autonomously controls the routing of the CDMA signals transmitted from earth stations. This system can be used effectively for sending signals from a source to a destination beam and reduces the controlling complexity. This paper presents a system model which can eliminate the onboard switching in the satellite and also the performance of the system.

Oral pemetrexed facilitates low-dose metronomic therapy and enhances antitumor efficacy in lung cancer

Mahmud, Foyez,Jeon, Ok-Cheol,Alam, Farzana,Maharjan, Ruby,Choi, Jeong Uk,Park, Jooho,Lee, Sojung,Park, Jin Woo,Lee, Dong Soo,Byun, Youngro Elsevier 2018 Journal of controlled release Vol.284 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>There is a growing interest in preclinical research to consider low-dose metronomic chemotherapy as antiangiogenic cancer treatment. Oral metronomic therapy, in particular, has shown much promise with its ease of daily administration and higher therapeutics window. In that regard, we developed oral pemetrexed using the physical complex with the bile acid enhancers (DCK). In a caco-2 permeability study, the oral pemetrexed/DCK complex had significantly higher drug uptake, and inhibited efflux transporter activity as well. We further observed that the mechanism of oral drug uptake was related to transcellular along with bile acid transporter mediated pathways. The oral administration of drug complex in rats revealed high bioavailability (22.37%) and extended mean residence time. Using SCC7 and A549 xenograft models, we demonstrated that antitumor effects from daily oral metronomic pemetrexed significantly reduced tumor in a dose-dependent manner. The antitumor activity of oral pemetrexed/DCK complex plus cisplatin was superior to both monotherapies. The xenograft study also revealed that oral metronomic therapy markedly reduced microvessel density, proliferation and increased apoptosis in the tumor tissues. Oral metronomic doses were significantly correlated with the elevation of plasma deoxyuridine level, an essential biomarker for pemetrexed therapy. One-month toxicity study confirmed that daily dosing of oral pemetrexed is safe by investigating apoptosis in the gut tissues from mice. Moreover, we analyzed different biochemical parameters and enzymes from the blood to prove that our newly developed oral pemetrexed complex is well tolerated.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Enhancement of antimicrobial properties of shoe lining leather using chitosan in leather finishing

Mahmud, Yead,Uddin, Nizam,Acter, Thamina,Uddin, Md. Minhaz,Chowdhury, A.M. Sarwaruddin,Bari, Md. Latiful,Mustafa, Ahmad Ismail,Shamsuddin, Sayed Md. Techno-Press 2020 Advances in materials research Vol.9 No.3

In this study, a chitosan based coating method was developed and applied on the shoe lining leather surface for evaluating its inhibition to bacterial and fungal attacks. At first, chitosan was prepared from raw prawn shells and then the prepared chitosan solution was applied onto the leather surface. Secondly, the characterization of the prepared chitosan and chitosan treated leather was performed by solubility test, ATR-FTIR, XRD pattern, SEM and TGA. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan was assessed against two gram positive, two gram negative bacteria and a reputed fungi by agar diffusion test. The results of this study demonstrated that chitosan took place in both the surface of collagen fibres and inside the collagen matrix of crust leather. The chitosan showed strong antimicrobial activities against all the tested microorganisms and the inhibition increased with increasing percentage of chitosan. Therefore, the prepared chitosan in this study can be an environment friendly biocide, which functions simultaneously against different spoilage bacteria and fungi on the finished leather surface. Thus by using the prepared chitosan in shoe lining leather, the possibility of microbial attack during shoe wearing can be minimized which is one of the important hygienic requirements of footwear.