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Fine-Tuning Next-Generation Genome Editing Tools
Kanchiswamy, Chidananda Nagamangala,Maffei, Massimo,Malnoy, Mickael,Velasco, Riccardo,Kim, Jin-Soo Elsevier 2016 Trends in biotechnology Vol.34 No.7
<P>The availability of genome sequences of numerous organisms and the revolution brought about by genome editing tools (e.g., ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 or RGENs) has provided a breakthrough in introducing targeted genetic changes both to explore emergent phenotypes and to introduce new functionalities. However, the wider application of these tools in biology, agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology is limited by off-target mutation effects. In this review, we compare available methods for detecting, measuring, and analyzing off-target mutations. Furthermore, we particularly focus on CRISPR/Cas9 regarding various methods, tweaks, and software tools available to nullify off-target effects.</P> <P><B>Trends</B></P> <P>The application of GE tools has significantly influenced medicine, biology, and agriculture for targeted genetic changes to both explore emergent phenotypes and introduce new functionalities with unprecedented control and accuracy.</P> <P>Next-generation GE tools can be optimized to have a method of delivery to cells with high on-target specificity by selecting unique sgRNA or Cas9 variants.</P> <P>Several advanced and optimized methods for unbiased genome-wide profiling of nuclease cleavage sites now provide high-throughput analysis of on- and off-target mutations in single cell-derived clones, humans, animals, and plants.</P>
Blockchain Suitability Assessment of Manufacturing Functions Defined by the ISA95 Standard
Erkan Yalcinkaya,Antonio Maffei 대한산업공학회 2020 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.19 No.4
The number of security incidents related to the manufacturing industry has been steadily increasing over the past decade. The most prominent security risks impacting the manufacturing industry are intellectual property theft, supply chain interruptions, industrial espionage, data breaches, and ransomware attacks. Blockchain is an emerging technology that offers distributed, highly available, resilient, and traceable ledger-based databases and thus opens new ways of dealing with conventional security challenges in the confidentiality, integrity, and availability domains. ISA95 outlines manufacturing functions in a number of areas and characterizes the information flows. Moreover, ISA95 constitutes a common blueprint for the manufacturing industry and this research paper systematically assesses the suitability of the blockchain technology for the ISA95 enterprise core functions and sub-functions as a way to ultimately increase the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of manufacturing systems.
Lee, S.E.,Chang, H.J.,Rizvi, A.,Hadamitzky, M.,Kim, Y.J.,Conte, E.,Andreini, D.,Pontone, G.,Volpato, V.,Budoff, M.J.,Gottlieb, I.,Lee, B.K.,Chun, E.J.,Cademartiri, F.,Maffei, E.,Marques, H.,Leipsic, J C. V. Mosby Co 2016 American Heart Journal Vol.182 No.-
<P>Background The natural history of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with low-to-intermediate risk is not well characterized. Although earlier invasive serial studies have documented the progression of atherosclerotic burden, most were focused on high-risk patients only. The PARADIGM registry is a large, prospective, multinational dynamic observational registry of patients undergoing serial coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). The primary aim of PARADIGM is to characterize the natural history of CAD in relation to clinical and laboratory data. Design The PARADIGM registry (ClinicalTrials. gov NCT02803411) comprises >= 2,000 consecutive patients across 9 cluster sites in 7 countries. PARADIGM sites were chosen on the basis of adequate CCTA volume, site CCTA proficiency, local demographic characteristics, and medical facilities to ensure a broad-based sample of patients. Patients referred for clinically indicated CCTA will be followed up and enrolled if they had a second CCTA scan. Patients will also be followed up beyond serial CCTA performance to identify adverse CAD events that include cardiac and noncardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, target vessel revascularization, and CAD-related hospitalization. Summary The results derived from the PARADIGM registry are anticipated to add incremental insight into the changes in CCTA findings in accordance with the progression or regression of CAD that confer prognostic value beyond demographic and clinical characteristics.</P>