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Macaulay, E,Nichol, R C,Bacon, D,Brout, D,Davis, T M,Zhang, B,Bassett, B A,Scolnic, D,Mö,ller, A,D’Andrea, C B,Hinton, S R,Kessler, R,Kim, A G,Lasker, J,Lidman, C,Sako, M,Smith, M,Sullivan, M,Abbo Oxford University Press 2019 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.486 No.2
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>We present an improved measurement of the Hubble constant (H0) using the ‘inverse distance ladder’ method, which adds the information from 207 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) at redshift 0.018 < z < 0.85 to existing distance measurements of 122 low-redshift (z < 0.07) SNe Ia (Low-z) and measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs). Whereas traditional measurements of H0 with SNe Ia use a distance ladder of parallax and Cepheid variable stars, the inverse distance ladder relies on absolute distance measurements from the BAOs to calibrate the intrinsic magnitude of the SNe Ia. We find H0 = 67.8 ± 1.3 km s−1 Mpc−1 (statistical and systematic uncertainties, 68 per cent confidence). Our measurement makes minimal assumptions about the underlying cosmological model, and our analysis was blinded to reduce confirmation bias. We examine possible systematic uncertainties and all are below the statistical uncertainties. Our H0 value is consistent with estimates derived from the Cosmic Microwave Background assuming a ΛCDM universe.</P>
Okwuokenye, Macaulay,Peace, Karl E. The Korean Statistical Society 2015 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.22 No.3
This study compares two generalized Lindley distributions and assesses consistency between theoretical and analytical results. Data (complete and censored) assumed to follow the Lindley distribution are generated and analyzed using two generalized Lindley distributions, and maximum likelihood estimates of parameters from the generalized distributions are obtained. Size and power of tests of hypotheses on the parameters are assessed drawing on asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimates. Results suggest that whereas size of some of the tests of hypotheses based on the considered generalized distributions are essentially ${\alpha}$-level, some are possibly not; power of tests of hypotheses on the Lindley distribution parameter from the two distributions differs.
Okwuokenye, Macaulay,Peace, Karl E. The Korean Statistical Society 2016 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.23 No.6
This study compares the inverse transform and the composition methods for generating data from the Lindley distribution. The expression for the inverse of the distribution function for the Lindley distribution does not exist in closed form. Hence, authors of many empirical studies on the Lindley distribution used methods for generating Lindley variates other than the inverse transform. We generated data from the Lindley distribution using the inverse transform approach by obtaining the Lindley variates numerically; we also generated data from this distribution using the composition approach. Following the generation of the Lindley variates using these two methods, we compare some statistical properties of the estimates of the Lindley model parameters based on the generated data. We conclude that the two methods produce similar results.
Rotator Cuff Deficient Arthritis of the Glenohumeral Joint
Alec A. Macaulay,R. Michael Greiwe,Louis U. Bigliani 대한정형외과학회 2010 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.2 No.4
Rotator cuff deficient arthritis of the glenohumeral joint, especially cuff tear arthropathy, has proved a challenging clinical entity for orthopaedic surgeons ever since Charles Neer originally detailed the problem in 1983. Understanding has improved regarding the pathophysiology and pathomechanics underlying cuff tear arthropathy. Surgical reconstruction options can lead to excellent outcomes for patients afflicted with these painful and functionally limited shoulders. Humeral hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty have jumped to the forefront in the treatment of cuff tear arthropathy. As studies continue to look at the results of these procedures in cuff tear arthropathy, existing indications and treatment algorithms will be further refined. In this article the history and pathophysiology of cuff tear arthropathy are reviewed. Additionally, the clinical findings and results of surgical reconstruction are discussed.
Hormones and Embryo Development
W. A. King,F. Ashkar,A. D. Macaulay,N-Y. Rho 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
The composition of culture media is a key element in the process of in vitro embryo production. With the development of defined culture media, many components that are present in trace amounts in follicular fluid and serum have been excluded from the in vitro embryo production system. Among these are hormones, which have important regulatory roles in growth, metabolism and differentiation and are known to be present in follicular fluid, serum and the female reproductive tract. We have investigated the effects of supplementation of in vitro maturation and/or culture medium with testosterone (T), androstenedione (A4) and thyroid hormones (TH) on bovine in vitro embryo production and the mechanisms of action of TH in developing embryos. Our results show that testosterone, but not androstenedione or thyroid hormone supplementation increased cleavage rates. None of the treatments significantly altered the sex ratio. Addition of thyroid hormones, T3 and T4, to the in vitro culture media resulted in a significant increase in the rate of development to the blastocyst stage. In addition, blastocysts from the T3/T4 treated groups had higher cell number and lower rates of apoptosis. We have confirmed the expression of mRNAs for both Thyroid hormone receptor α and β (TR α and β) in cumulus‐oocyte‐complexes, oocytes, and in both treated and control blastocyst. Quantitatively, the expression of TR mRNA was higher in the treated embryos but the difference was not statistically significant. TR proteins were detectable in blastocysts of both groups with a difference in the distribution pattern. TH treated embryos had peri‐nuclear concentration of TR while in control embryos it was homogenously distributed in the cytoplasm. Preliminary studies of inhibition of TR α and β by siRNA knockdown by micro injection at the zygote stage show a drastic reduction in development suggesting that TH play an essential role in embryo development. They appear to mediate this effect by their receptors, TR α and β. Overall the results show that the presence of hormones in maturation and the culture medium can alter the outcome of in vitro embryo production and highlight the significance of biological components missing from in defined embryo culture media.
Dual-mobility versus Fixed-bearing in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Outcome Comparison
Vivek Singh,Jeremy Loloi,William Macaulay,Matthew S. Hepinstall,Ran Schwarzkopf,Vinay K. Aggarwal 대한고관절학회 2022 Hip and Pelvis Vol.34 No.2
Purpose: Use of dual mobility (DM) articulations can reduce the risk of instability in both primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Knowledge regarding the impact of this design on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is limited. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes between DM and fixed bearing (FB) prostheses following primary THA. Materials and Methods: All patients who underwent primary THA between 2011-2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were separated into three cohorts: FB vs monoblock-D vs modular-DM. An evaluation of PROMs including HOOS, JR, and FJS-12, as well as discharge-disposition, 90-day readmissions, and revisions rates was performed. Propensity-score matching was performed to limit significant demographic differences, while ANOVA and chi-squared test were used for comparison of outcomes. Results: Of the 15,184 patients identified, 14,652 patients (96.5%) had a FB, 185 patients (1.2%) had a monoblock-DM, and 347 patients (2.3%) had a modular-DM prosthesis. After propensity-score matching, a total of 447 patients were matched comparison. There was no statistical difference in the 90-day readmission (P=0.584), revision rate (P=0.265), and 90-day readmission (P=0.365) and revision rate due to dislocation (P=0.365) between the cohorts. Discharge disposition was also non-significant (P=0.124). There was no statistical difference in FJS-12 scores at 3-months (P=0.820), 1-year (P=0.982), and 2-years (P=0.608) between the groups. Conclusion: DM bearings yield PROMs similar to those of FB implants in patients undergoing primary THA. Although DM implants are utilized more often in patients at higher-risk for instability, we suggest that similar patient satisfaction may be attained while achieving similar dislocation rates.
이종수,Jose-Miguel Yamal,Lu Wang,E. Neely Atkinson,Roderick Price,Andrés F. Zuluaga,Pierre Lane,Calum MacAulay,Dennis D. Cox,Michele Follen 계명대학교 자연과학연구소 2014 Quantitative Bio-Science Vol.33 No.2
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been investigated as a means of detecting oral, lung and cervical neoplasia. However, there are many issues in developing a clinical protocol for routinely making such measurements. We conducted an experiment with a simulated gynecological patient to study the effect of room light and speculum type. The speculum is needed for the medical provider to access the cervix. We investigated whether: (1) room lights present or absent had an effect and (2) the type of speculum (no speculum, coated speculum, or metal speculum) made a difference. In recent years, simulation-based medicine has gained prominence in clinical science. A simulated gynecological model was employed as a surrogate for a human cervix, which provides a physical environment similar to the clinical setting and mitigates ethical considerations. Measurements on fluorescence standards placed inside the simulated patient were made at all combinations of lighting and speculum type. Both light and the type of speculum were significant factors, and there was a statistically significant interaction between the two factors. When the room light was absent, the measurements made with either the metal speculum and the coated speculum did not exhibit significant differences, so either type of speculum may be used when the lights are absent. When the lights are present, the coated speculum shows less room light contamination in the measurements. Because the room light can contaminate the fluorescence spectroscopic measurements, making the measurement with room lights absent is highly recommended.
( James E. Feng ),( Afshin A. Anoushiravani ),( Jessica S. Morton ),( William Petersen ),( Vivek Singh ),( Ran Schwarzkopf ),( William Macaulay ) 대한슬관절학회 2022 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.34 No.-
Purpose: A better understanding of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) candidate expectations within the perioperative setting will enable clinicians to promote patient-centered practices, optimize recovery times, and enhance quality metrics. In the current study, TKA candidates were surveyed pre- and postoperatively to elucidate the relationship between patient expectations and length of stay (LOS). Material and methods: This is a prospective study of patients undergoing TKA between December 2017 and August 2018. Patients were electronically administered surveys regarding their discharge plan 10 days pre-/postoperatively. All patients were categorized into three cohorts based on their LOS: 1, 2, and 3+ days. The effect of preoperative discharge education on patient postoperative satisfaction was evaluated. Results: In total, 221 TKAs were included, of which 83 were discharged on postoperative day (POD) 1, 96 on POD-2, and 42 POD-3+. Female gender, increasing body mass index (BMI), and surgical time correlated with increased LOS. Preoperative discussions regarding LOS occurred in 84.62% (187/221) of patients but did correlate with differences in LOS. However, patients discharged on POD-1 were more inclined to same-day surgery preoperatively. Patients discharged on POD-3+ were found to be more uncomfortable regarding their discharge during the preoperative phase. Multivariable regressions demonstrated that preoperative discharge discussion was positively correlated with home discharge. Conclusion: Physician-driven discussion regarding patient discharge did not alter patient satisfaction or length of stay but did correlate with improved odds of home discharge. These findings underscore the importance of patient education, shared decision-making, and managing patient expectations.