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Equal - Channel Angular Pressing : A Novel Tool for Microstructural Control
NEMOTO, Minoru,Horita, Zenji,Furukawa, Minoru,Langdon, Terence G . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.6
The principles of equal-channel angular (ECA) pressing are reviewed. It is demonstrated that this processing procedure is capable of introducing an ultrafine grain size into bulk materials and the precise nature of the microstructure is dependent upon the total strain introduced by the pressing. When the strain is sufficiently high, it is possible to achieve very high tensile ductilities at high strain rates, thereby providing the potential for substantially increasing the viability of superplastic forming in the metal forming industry.
Minoru Kobayashi,Toshitaka Uematsu,Gaku Nakamura,Hidetoshi Kokubun,Tomoya Mizuno,Hironori Betsunoh,Takao Kamai 대한감염학회 2018 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.50 No.3
Background Diabetes is considered a risk factor for acquisition of febrile urinary tract infection (f-UTI), but information on the association of diabetes with subsequent course of the disease is lacking. Thus, we investigated the clinical variables including diabetic status which determined the clinical course in patients with community-acquired f-UTI. Materials and Methods Patients hospitalized consecutively for f-UTI between February 2016 and January 2018 were used for this single center study. The routine laboratory tests including blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were done and empiric treatment with parenteral antibiotics was commenced on admission. The clinical course such as duration of fever (DOF) and length of hospital stay (LOS) were compared among groups classified by the clinical variables. Results Among the101 patients admitted for f-UTI, 15 patients with diabetes (14.9%) experienced significantly longer febrile period and hospitalization compared to those with hyperglycemia (n = 18, 17.8%) or those without diabetes and hyperglycemia (n = 68, 67.3%). Of the laboratory parameters tested on admission and several clinical factors, the presence of diabetes and risk factors for severe complicated infection (hydronephrosis, urosepsis, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy) as well as HbA1c and albumin were identified as predictors for LOS by univariate analysis, whereas none of the variables failed to predict DOF. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, HbA1c levels and albumin levels were isolated as independent predictors of LOS. Conclusion Patients with higher HbA1c and lower albumin levels required the longest period of hospitalization. Thus, an evaluation of diabetic and nutritional status on admission will be feasible to foretell the clinical course and better manage the subset of patients at risk of prolonged hospitalization.
Minoru Kobayashi,Akinori Nukui,Takao Kamai 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2017 International Neurourology Journal Vol.21 No.3
Purpose: To investigate whether seasonal changes occurred in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: Patients aged 50 years and older with BPH treated with α1-blockers were enrolled. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, maximum and average flow rate, voided volume, and postvoid residual volume were measured in summer and winter. Results: A total of 164 patients were enrolled. The total IPSS and QoL index did not show a significant difference between the 2 seasons. When the IPSS was divided into storage symptoms and voiding symptoms, storage symptoms in winter were substantially but nonsignificantly higher than those in summer (P=0.056). Of the 7 individual symptoms in the IPSS, a significant seasonal difference was observed only for nocturia, with a higher score in winter. Moreover, none of the uroflowmetric parameters showed a seasonal change. Voided volume had significant correlations with each symptom (urgency and nocturia) and overall subjective scores (storage, total IPSS, and QoL) exclusively in summer, while this correlation remained only for nocturia in winter. Conclusions: As it has generally been assumed that LUTS deteriorate in winter, the present study corroborated that the severity of storage symptoms was higher in winter than in summer, even in patients treated with α1-blockers. In contrast, a seasonal difference was not observed in the uroflowmetric parameters, which may be partly due to the loss of the correlation between subjective and objective measurements of storage symptoms in winter.
Growth Mechanisms for Atypical Forms of Silicon Nanowires
Minoru Aoyagi,Takefumi Hiraguri,Takahiro Ueno,Makoto Okuda,Yuuta Hishinuma 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.1
An investigation was carried out into the growth mechanisms for atypical forms of silicon nanowires (Si-NWs) synthesized using a vapor-liquid-solid growth process assisted by hydrogen radicals. Sn or Au nanoparticles, which act as catalysts during Si-NW growth, were produced by hydrogen radical treatment of Sn or Au thin films covering a silicon substrate. The Si-NWs were synthesized from silane gas excited by hydrogen radicals in the presence of these nanoparticle catalysts. In addition to normal Si-NW structures, atypical forms such as tapered, branched, bent, corrugated and block types, were synthesized. The growth of tapered, branched and bent-type Si-NWs was caused by contraction of the catalytic nanoparticles, adhesion of nanoparticles to the side wall of growing Si-NWs, and non-uniform supersaturation of the nanoparticles with Si, respectively. Growth of corrugated- and block-type Si-NWs was induced by an excess supply of Si atoms to the growing Si-NWs.