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THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NANOMATERIALS: A FOCUS ON AQUATIC LIFE
LINDA ZICCARDI,MARGARET MCARDLE,YVETTE LOWNEY 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.4
This paper provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the aquatic effects of nanomaterials. Aquatic receptors can potentially be exposed to nanoparticles through ingestion, movement across gills, passive transport, and cellular absorption. Our review indicates that the toxicological research on nanomaterials is still relatively narrow. The present research has been targeted primarily at understanding potential effects to humans, and relatively few ecotoxicity studies have been conducted; however, new research is evolving rapidly. The studies that are currently available focus on metal oxide particles, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes. Aquatic tests have examined the uptake of these nanoparticles by fish and filter feeders, and have provided evidence of toxicity or behavioral changes. Some of these studies conclude that nanoparticles can be taken up by or produce effects in biota, and that dose-response relationships and patterns of relative toxicity among types of particles are emerging.Caution should be used in designing and interpreting studies on nanoparticles, because factors such as the particle medium preparation method, the presence of other chemicals, and particle behavior such as agglomeration can influence exposure and aquatic toxicity. Ultimately, the objectives of this review are to expand our knowledge of the effects of nanomaterials on ecological processes and aquatic receptor populations, as well as help guide future research.
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Ciaran M Hurley,Adrian McArdle,Kenneth M Joyce,Eoin O’Broin 대한성형외과학회 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.6
Background Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction following curative mastectomy is traditionally performed as a second-stage procedure several months after initial breast reconstruction. The recent literature has documented the increasing popularity of immediate nipple reconstruction carried out simultaneously during autologous reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction with immediate breast and nipple reconstruction performed in a single stage after skin-sparing mastectomy. Methods All patients who underwent a skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate latissimus dorsi flap breast and NAC reconstruction as a single-stage procedure from 2007 to 2015 were included. Patient demographics, oncologic details, and surgical outcomes were recorded. The BREAST-Q questionnaire was administered to patients to assess the impact and effectiveness of this reconstructive strategy. Results During the study period, 34 breast and NAC reconstructions in 29 patients were performed at Cork University Hospital. The majority of our patient cohort were non-smokers (93.1%) and did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy. Postoperative complications were infrequent, with no cases of partial necrosis or complete loss of the nipple. The response rate to the BREAST-Q was 62% (n=18). Patients reported high levels of satisfaction with the reconstructed breast (62±4), nipple reconstruction (61±4.8), overall outcome (74.3±5), and psychosocial well-being (77.7±3.2). Conclusions Skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate nipple reconstruction during autologous latissimus dorsi reconstruction was demonstrated to be a safe and aesthetically reliable procedure in our cohort, yielding high levels of psychological and physical well-being. A single- stage procedure promotes psychosocial well-being involving issues that are intrinsically linked with breast cancer surgery.
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Hurley, Ciaran M,McArdle, Adrian,Joyce, Kenneth M,O'Broin, Eoin Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.6
Background Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction following curative mastectomy is traditionally performed as a second-stage procedure several months after initial breast reconstruction. The recent literature has documented the increasing popularity of immediate nipple reconstruction carried out simultaneously during autologous reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction with immediate breast and nipple reconstruction performed in a single stage after skin-sparing mastectomy. Methods All patients who underwent a skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate latissimus dorsi flap breast and NAC reconstruction as a single-stage procedure from 2007 to 2015 were included. Patient demographics, oncologic details, and surgical outcomes were recorded. The BREAST-Q questionnaire was administered to patients to assess the impact and effectiveness of this reconstructive strategy. Results During the study period, 34 breast and NAC reconstructions in 29 patients were performed at Cork University Hospital. The majority of our patient cohort were non-smokers (93.1%) and did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy. Postoperative complications were infrequent, with no cases of partial necrosis or complete loss of the nipple. The response rate to the BREAST-Q was 62% (n=18). Patients reported high levels of satisfaction with the reconstructed breast ($62{\pm}4$), nipple reconstruction ($61{\pm}4.8$), overall outcome ($74.3{\pm}5$), and psychosocial well-being ($77.7{\pm}3.2$). Conclusions Skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate nipple reconstruction during autologous latissimus dorsi reconstruction was demonstrated to be a safe and aesthetically reliable procedure in our cohort, yielding high levels of psychological and physical well-being. A single-stage procedure promotes psychosocial well-being involving issues that are intrinsically linked with breast cancer surgery.
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