對共鬪爭의 勝利는 늦지않았나?

MALIK, CHARLES 단국대학교 정치학회 1960 정치학논집 Vol.3 No.-

이글은 國際政治社會의 指導的人物인 Dr. CHARLES MALIK가 「다이제스트」誌 一九六○年度 九月號에 寄稿한 것을 飜譯한 것이다. MALIK博士는 世界第二次大戰以後의 國際問題中에서도 共産主義의 發展過程을 銳敏하게 觀察해온 사람이며 「레바논」外相과 UN總會議長을 歷任한바 있고 現在는 美國 다트마우스大學에 訪問敎授로서 있다. (譯者)

Design and Analysis of Intelligent AMC Scheme with Relay Protocols in LTE-Advanced System

Saransh Malik사(사란쉬 말리크),Bora Kim(김보라),Sangmi Moon(문상미),Daejin Kim(김대진),Intae Hwang(황인태) 대한전자공학회 2012 전자공학회논문지 Vol.49 No.12

본 논문에서는 AMC(Adaptive Modulation and Coding) 기법을 적용한 릴레이 프로토콜을 제안한다. AMC 기법은 다양한 변조와 코딩 기법을 통해, 통신 시스템의 전송률과 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 AMC 기법을 적용한 릴레이 프로토콜의 성능을 분석하고, AMC 기법이 적용된 릴레이 프로토콜이 AMC 기법이 적용되지 않은 기존의 기법과 비교하여 낮은 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) 레벨에서 더 좋은 평균 전송률을 제공할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 비적응적 MCS(Modulation and Coding Scheme) 릴레이 프로토콜과 적응적 MCS 릴레이 프로토콜의 성능을 증명하기 위해 LTE-A(Long Term Evolution-Advanced) 파라미터와 함께 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 모의실험 결과, 적응적 MCS가 적용된 시스템에서 AF(Amplify-and-Forward), DF(Decode-and-Forward) 및 DMF(DeModulate-and-Forward) 프로토콜 중 DMF 프로토콜이 낮은 SNR 값에서 가장 좋은 성능을 보이고, 더 좋은 평균 전송률을 제공하는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) scheme using relay protocols generally known as Relay Node (RN). The AMC scheme is used for improving the throughput and a reliability of a communication system, because of the nature of different modulation and coding schemes. We analyze the performance of relay protocols with the AMC scheme and observed that relay protocols with the AMC scheme is capable of providing better average throughput at a lower Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) level as compared to the conventional scheme with no AMC. We perform Monte Carlo simulations with Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) parameters to prove the performance comparison of adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) relay protocols with the non-adaptive MCS relay protocols. The simulation results of the proposed system with adaptive MCS prove that among the Amplify-and-Forward (AF), Decode-and-Forward (DF) and DeModulate-and-Forward (DMF), the DMF protocol performs best at a lower SNR value and also provides better average throughput.

Thyrotropin Receptor Autoantibody Assessment in Thyroid Eye Disease: Does the Assay Type Matter?

Malik Moledina(Malik Moledina ),Jonathan Roos(Jonathan Roos ),Rachna Murthy(Rachna Murthy ) 대한안과학회 2023 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: Thyroid receptor antibodies can quantify thyroid eye disease activity, predict outcomes and aid timing of interventions. The type and generation of assay is frequently unspecified, complicating meta-analyses. To determine the clinical andbiochemical relationships between a second-generation thyrotropin receptor-binding inhibition antibody (TRAb) immunoassay,detecting stimulatory and blocking antibodies, with the thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) bridging immunoassaydetecting the stimulatory component only. Methods: Retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients attending a regional specialist service. For each patient and visit,both a TRAb and TSI were performed, and a clinical activity score (CAS) recorded. Results: A significant positive correlation between TRAb and TSI (rho = 0.828, p < 0.01) but a weaker correlation betweenthe assays and CAS (TRAb: rho = 0.439, p < 0.01; TSI: r = 0.357, p < 0.01) were found. In 10% of the episodic data, patientshad a TRAb level that was disproportionately high (39.41 ± 52.84 IU/L), compared to their TSI levels (9.53 ± 12.10 IU/L) with ahigher-than-average CAS (2.47 ± 1.78; range, 0-5). Within 12 months of diagnosis, a significant positive correlation betweenCAS and TRAb (rho = 0.503, p < 0.01) as well as between CAS and TSI (rho = 0.329, p < 0.01) were found. In patients with adiagnosis over 12 months, the correlation with CAS for both TSI and TRAb were Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.347(p < 0.01) and 0.327 (p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: TRAb and TSI correlate strongly and to a lesser extent with the CAS. For most patients, TRAb can be replacedwith the more economical TSI. TRAb also correlates better with newly diagnosed, more active patients than TSI. In a subsetof patients, blocking antibodies may play a significant pathogenic role, requiring different treatment and monitoring. Furtherstudies are required to investigate this relationship.

Estimation of Genetic Components of Variance in Biparental Progenies of Bivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

Malik, Gulam Nabi,Sofi, Abdul Majeed,Haque Rufaie, Syed Zia,Singh, Tejender Paul,Aijaz, Mohammad,Malik, Manzoor Ahmad,Dar, Habib Ullah Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.2

Components of genetic variation were estimated for five metric traits using 24 biparental progenies (N. C. Design III) generated from F$_2$ generation of a commercial bivoltine silkworm hybrid, SH$_{6}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Variance due to additive ($\sigma$$^2$A) and dominance ($\sigma$$^2$D) gene effects was significant for single cocoon weight and shell weight. However, magnitude of former was greater than latter indicating preponderance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these two traits. Average degree of dominance was in the range of partial dominance for all the traits. High estimates of heritability (ns) indicated operation of genes with large additive effects, hence, scope exists for improvement of present populations through a few cycles of selection.n.

Underutilization of Curative Treatment among Patients with Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in India

Malik, Prabhat Singh,Malik, Anita,Deo, Suryanarayana Venkata,Mohan, Anant,Mohanti, Bidhu Kalyan,Raina, Vinod Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Background: Lung cancer is one of the commonest and most lethal cancers throughout the world. The majority of the patients present at advance stage and are not suitable for curative intent treatment. Even among patients with localized disease, there has been underutilization of curative treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to analyze the radical treatment utilization rates in patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated at our centre. Materials and Methods: We analyzed case records of 104 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC having stage 1-3B disease who were treated at our centre over last 3 years, to assess the utilization of curative treatment modalities i.e. surgery or radical radiotherapy. Results: The median age of this cohort was 58 years. Out of 104 patients only 33 (31.7%) received curative intent treatment, 14 undergoing curative resection and 19 receiving radical doses of radiotherapy. The baseline characteristics of both the groups (with or without radical treatment) were not different. Major factors associated with underutilization with curative treatment were progressive disease or loss of follow up after chemotherapy and inappropriate use of TKI and/or palliative radiotherapy in patients with stage 1-3B disease. Patients who did not receive radical treatment had inferior PFS and OS than those who received radical treatment. Conclusions: In our practice we observed gross underutilization of curative intent treatment modalities in patients with NSCLCs which is associated with inferior survival.

Notes : Estimation of Genetic Components of Variance in Biparental Progenies of Bivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

( Gulam Nabi Malik ),( Abdul Majeed Sofi ),( Syed Zia Haque Rufaie ),( Tejender Paul Singh ),( Mohammad Aijaz ),( Manzoor Ahmad Malik ),( Habib Ullah Dar ) 한국잠사학회 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.2

Stem Rot of Pearl Millet Prevalence, Symptomatology, Disease Cycle, Disease Rating Scale and Pathogen Characterization in Pearl Millet-Klebsiella Pathosystem

Vinod Kumar Malik,Pooja Sangwan,Manjeet Singh,Pavitra Kumari,Niharika Shoeran,Navjeet Ahalawat,Mukesh Kumar,Harsh Deep,Kamla Malik,Preety Verma,Pankaj Yadav,Sheetal Kumari,Aakash,Sambandh Dhal 한국식물병리학회 2024 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.40 No.1

The oldest and most extensively cultivated form of millet, known as pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> (L.) R. Br. Syn. <i>Pennisetum americanum</i> (L.) Leeke), is raised over 312.00 lakh hectares in Asian and African countries. India is regarded as the significant hotspot for pearl millet diversity. In the Indian state of Haryana, where pearl millet is grown, a new and catastrophic bacterial disease known as stem rot of pearl millet spurred by the bacterium <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> (formerly <i>Enterobacter</i>) was first observed during fall 2018. The disease appears in form of small to long streaks on leaves, lesions on stem, and slimy rot appearance of stem. The associated bacterium showed close resemblance to <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> that was confirmed by a molecular evaluation based on 16S rDNA and gyrA gene nucleotide sequences. The isolates were also identified to be <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> based on biochemical assays, where Klebsiella isolates differed in D-trehalose and succinate alkalisation tests. During fall 2021-2023, the disease has spread all the pearl millet-growing districts of the state, extending up to 70% disease incidence in the affected fields. The disease is causing considering grain as well as fodder losses. The proposed scale, consisting of six levels (0-5), is developed where scores 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 have been categorized as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible disease reaction, respectively. The disease cycle, survival of pathogen, and possible losses have also been studied to understand other features of the disease.

Magneto transport study of YBCO: Ag composites

Bilal A. Malik,Manzoor A. Malik,K. Asokan 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.10

We study the effect of Ag addition on the magnetoresistance and allied properties of YBCO. We find that the zero resistance temperature (TC0) shift is narrowed down by the addition of Ag as magnetic field (H) is increased from 0 to 13 T. The resistivity broadening of composites under magnetic field exhibits Arrhenius behavior due to thermally activated flux flow of vortices. The activation energy, determined from Arrhenius plot of resistivity, increases with the addition of Ag in YBCO and is found optimum for 15%Ag composite. The vortex glass transition temperature is found more in YBCO:Ag composites as compared to pristine YBCO. The zero temperature upper critical field Hc2(0) estimated by using Werthamer, Helfand and Hohenberg theory and Ginzburg Landau theory shows two fold enhancement by adding Ag in YBCO matrix.We find that the addition of Ag in YBCO leads to an enhancement in activation energy, an increases in Hc2(0) in addition to better grain connectivity.

Nature of Complex Network of Dengue Epidemic as a Scale-Free Network

Hafiz Abid Mahmood Malik,Faiza Abid,Nadeem Mahmood,Mohamed Ridza Wahiddin,Asif Malik 대한의료정보학회 2019 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: Dengue epidemic is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that has gained considerable attention due to its injurious effects. The focus of this study is to statically analyze the nature of the dengue epidemic network in terms of whether it follows the features of a scale-free network or a random network. Methods: A multifarious network of Aedes aegypti is addressed keeping the viewpoint of a complex system and modelled as a network. The dengue network has been transformed into a one-mode network from a two-mode network by utilizing projection methods. Furthermore, three network features have been analyzed, the power-law, clustering coefficient, and network visualization. In addition, five methods have been applied to calculate the global clustering coefficient. Results: It has been observed that dengue epidemic follows a powerlaw, with the value of its exponent γ = –2.1. The value of the clustering coefficient is high for dengue cases, as weight of links. The minimum method showed the highest value among the methods used to calculate the coefficient. Network visualization showed the main areas. Moreover, the dengue situation did not remain the same throughout the observed period. Conclusions: The results showed that the network topology exhibits the features of a scale-free network instead of a random network. Focal hubs are highlighted and the critical period is found. Outcomes are important for the researchers, health officials, and policy makers who deal with arbovirus epidemic diseases. Zika virus and Chikungunya virus can also be modelled and analyzed in this manner.

A Novel Algorithm for Segmentation of Lung Images

Malik, A. S.,Choi, T.-S. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2006 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.4345 No.-