Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Hainanmycin on Protein Degradation and Populations of Ammonia-producing Bacteria In vitro

Wang, Z.B.,Xin, H.S.,Wang, M.J.,Li, Z.Y.,Qu, Y.L.,Miao, S.J.,Zhang, Y.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.5

An in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. The substrates (DM basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), Chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. Treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (H0.1), 1 (H1), 10 (H10), and 100 mg/kg (H100) of the substrates. After 24 h of fermentation, the highest addition level of hainanmycin decreased total VFA concentration and increased the final pH. The high addition level of hainanmycin (H1, H10, and H100) reduced (p<0.05) branched-chain VFA concentration, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate; and increased the molar proportion of propionate, except that for H1 the in molar proportion of acetate and isobutyrate was not changed (p>0.05). After 24 h of fermentation, H10 and H100 increased (p<0.05) concentrations of peptide nitrogen and AA nitrogen and proteinase activity, and decreased (p<0.05) $NH_3$-N concentration and deaminase activity compared with control. Peptidase activitives were not affected by hainanmycin. Hainanmycin supplementation only inhibited the growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which is one of the species of low deaminative activity. Hainanmycin supplementation also decreased (p<0.05) relative population sizes of hyper-ammonia-producing species, except for H0.1 on Clostridium aminophilum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with hainanmycin could improve ruminal fermentation and modify protein degradation by changing population size of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro; and the addition level of 10 mg/kg appeared to achieve the best results.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Proliferation and Fatty Acids Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Cells

He, M.L.,Yang, W.Z.,Hidari, H.,Rambeck, W.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The present study including two experiments was designed to determine the effect of media containing different rare earth elements (REE) on proliferation and fatty acids accumulation in 3T3-L1 cell cultures. In Experiment 1, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 96-well plates ($1.5{\times}10^4cells/ml$) were cultured with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h. Then the media were changed to the following 10 different media for 48 h: DMEM containing 10% FBS for the control; the above media containing $5{\mu}M$, $10{\mu}M$ or $15{\mu}M$ of $LaCl_3$, $CeCl_3$ or the mixture of these REE chlorides. The proliferation rate of the cells was measured and compared by a non-isotope method-XTT method. In Experiment 2 the cells in 24-well plates ($1.5{\times}10^4cells/ml$) were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS for 7 days until confluent and then were changed to above DMEM containing dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin (DMI) for two days. Afterwards the media were changed to the 10 different media with REE supplements as in Experiment 1 and cultured for 6 days. The cells were then harvested for fatty acids analysis by gas chromatography. It was found that supplementation of La (5, 10 and $15{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$ and $15{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE (5, 10 and $15{\mu}M$) stimulated (p<0.05) the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (Experiment 1). In the differentiating 3T3-L1 cells supplementation of La ($5{\mu}M$ and $10{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE ($5{\mu}M$ and $15{\mu}M$) decreased (p<0.05) the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) per $10^5cells$, while the supplementation of La ($5{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE ($15{\mu}M$) increased (p<0.05) the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to MUFA. These results indicate that the supplementation of REE to the media may affect proliferation, differentiation and lipogenesis rates of 3T3-L1 cells. However, the effect may depend upon the level or type of REE applied.

EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTIC DURING COLD START OF HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE

Z. C. KAN,D. M. LOU,Z. Z. CAO,Z. Y. HU,S. LIU,Z. H. YANG 한국자동차공학회 2017 International journal of automotive technology Vol.18 No.2

Altitude has a significant effect on combustion of heavy-duty diesel engines, especially during cold start. An experimental study on a heavy-duty diesel engine operating at different altitudes was conducted. Tests were based on a direct injection (DI) turbocharged diesel engine with intake and exhaust pressure controlled by the plateau simulation test system to stimulate altitude conditions including 0 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, 3000 m and 4000 m. Results indicated that the compression and expansion resistance moment reduced and the speed increased during the cranking period. The peak pressure of several cycles was increased during the start-up period; however, the expansion pressure dropped more and the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) reduced as the altitude rose. While at an altitude of over 2000 m, the peak pressure fluctuated obviously during the start-up period. The higher the altitude was, the more the fluctuation amplitude and cycle number increased and combustion instability enhanced, which resulted the start-up period time increasing at high altitude. When the altitude rose, the cycle-to-cycle variation of the peak pressure and speed fluctuation increased during the idle, the ignition and CA50 were delayed and the combustion duration was shortened. The effect of altitude on combustion characteristics of the diesel engine was more significant during the start-up period than during its idle period.

Low temperature synthesis of nano-crystalline h-boron nitride from boric acid/ urea precursors

Dina H.A. Besisa,Mahmoud A. A. Hagras,Emad M.M. Ewais,Yasser M. Z. Ahmed,Zaki I. Zaki,Adel Ahmed 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.12

Nano-crystalline hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) have promised a broad range of interesting applications due to its uniquecharacteristics. In this work, nano-structured h-BN has synthesized by a low temperature-one step reaction of completelydissolved solution of commercial and low cost boric acid and urea fertilizer. Effect of different concentrations of urea, reactionatmosphere (air-N2) and firing temperature (600, 800 oC) on the production of h-BN and type of yield were investigated. Theformation of hexagonal boron nitride was proved from the binding energy for boron and nitrogen obtained from the X- rayphotoelectron spectrum (XPS). The structural phase of the product was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforminfrared (FT-IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has revealed the nanostructure nature of the synthesized boron nitride. The results indicated that, nano-crystalline h-BN with a crystallite size of ≈ 4.5nm has formed at low temperature of 800 oC. Moreover, a good thermal stability and oxidation resistance of h-BN can besynthesized with low cost and at low temperature in the nanoscale and has high potential to be used in advanced applications.

Microstructure-dependent fatigue behavior of aged Cu-6Ni-1.5Si alloy with discontinuous/cellular precipitates

Goto, M.,Yamamoto, T.,Han, S.Z.,Lim, S.H.,Kim, S.,Iwamura, T.,Kitamura, J.,Ahn, J.-H.,Yakushiji, T.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2019 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.747 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effect of microstructure on the fatigue strength of age-hardened Cu–6Ni–1.5Si alloy was investigated in this study. The aging was conducted at 500 °C for 0.5 h for the precipitation of disk-shaped δ-Ni<SUB>2</SUB>Si precipitates (continuous precipitates) and 3 h for the discontinuous precipitation of fiber-shaped, stable δ-Ni<SUB>2</SUB>Si precipitates to strengthen the Cu matrix. The tensile strength of 0.5 h-aged specimens was about 1.3 times greater than that of the 3 h-aged counterparts, but with inferior electrical conductivity. Despite the considerable difference in tensile strength, no notable difference in fatigue strength was observed between 0.5 h- and 3 h-aged specimens. The 3 h-aged specimens had superior electrical conductivity without sacrificing fatigue strength of the 0.5 h-aged specimens. The physical background of high-cycle fatigue strength in Cu–6Ni–1.5Si alloys with continuous precipitates and discontinuous precipitates is discussed considering the microstructure-sensitive behavior of fatigue cracks.</P>

Chromatin Kinases Act on Transcription Factors and Histone Tails in Regulation of Inducible Transcription

Josefowicz, Steven Z.,Shimada, M.,Armache, A.,Li, Charles H.,Miller, Rand M.,Lin, S.,Yang, A.,Dill, Brian D.,Molina, H.,Park, H.S.,Garcia, Benjamin A.,Taunton, J.,Roeder, Robert G.,Allis, C. Cell Press 2016 Molecular cell Vol.64 No.2

<P>The inflammatory response requires coordinated activation of both transcription factors and chromatin to induce transcription for defense against pathogens and environmental insults. We sought to elucidate the connections between inflammatory signaling pathways and chromatin through genomic footprinting of kinase activity and unbiased identification of prominent histone phosphorylation events. We identified H3 serine 28 phosphorylation (H3S28ph) as the principal stimulation-dependent histone modification and observed its enrichment at induced genes in mouse macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we identified mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinases (MSKs) as primary mediators of H3S28ph in macrophages. Cell-free transcription assays demonstrated that H3S28ph directly promotes p300/CBP-dependent transcription. Further, MSKs can activate both signal-responsive transcription factors and the chromatin template with additive effects on transcription. Specific inhibition of MSKs in macrophages selectively reduced transcription of stimulation-induced genes. Our results suggest that MSKs incorporate upstream signaling inputs and control multiple downstream regulators of inducible transcription.</P>

Activation of molecular oxygen for the oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol: A kinetic and mechanistic approach

M.Z.A. Rafiquee,Masoom R. Siddiqui,H.N. Haque,M. Shamsul Ola,Hamad A. Al-Lohedan,Z.A. ALOthman,Saikh M. Wabaidur 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.34 No.-

Reduction of molecular oxygen by 2-mercaptoethanol in the presence of cobalt(II)histidine is described. Cobalt(II)histidine complex forms dinuclear 2:1 (Co:O2) complex with molecular oxygen (m-dioxyte-trakis(histidinato)dicobalt(II)). The molecular oxygen did not directly react with 2-mercaptoethanol, but,reacted in the form of an adduct with cobalt(II)histidine complex. During the course of the reaction themolecular oxygen is reduced to hydroxide ion while the cobalt(II)histidine complex was oxidized tocobalt(III)histidine while 2-mercaptoethanol is reduced into 2,20-dithiodiethanol. The decrease inabsorbance for the dioxygen complex was monitored spectrophotometrically and was observed that thevalues of rate constant increased with the increase in [2-mercaptoethanol]. The values of kobs also increasedwith increasing [NaOH]. Thus, from the results of these studies, mechanism of the reaction has beenproposed. In addition, the values of various equilibrium constants and rate constants were also determinedusing nonlinear least square techniques.

Gasochromic Performance of WO3-nanorod Thin Films Fabricated with an ArF Excimer Laser

M. H. Yaacob,J. Z. Ou,W. Wlodarski,C. S. Kim,이정용,김영환,C. M. Oh,K. P. Dhakal,김정용,강준희 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.3

Thin films with tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanorods were fabricated by using an ArF pulsed laser deposition system. Because the ArF excimer laser operates at a very short wavelength of 193 nm,short enough to expect strong absorption of the photons in the semiconductor oxide targets, and because the clusters incoming to the substrates have high momentum, we could build thin films with good surface morphology. Highly homogeneous arrays of nanorods with sizes mostly in the range of 30 . 40 nm were observed. The absorbance response towards hydrogen (H2) gas was investigated for a WO3 film coated with 25-°A-thick palladium (Pd). The Pd/WO3-nanorod thin films exhibited excellent gasochromic response when measured in the visible-NIR range (400 . 1000 nm). As low as 0.06% H2 concentration was clearly sensed. A significant reversible absorbance change and fast recovery (<2 min) were observed when the films were exposed to H2 at different concentrations.

Variation of magnetic properties with different annealed temperatures in the Ni_3[Fe(CN)_6]_2ㆍXH_2O

M. Liu,X.F. Bian,Y.F. Xia,Z. Bao,H.S. Wu,M.X. Xu 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

Molecular magnet nickel(II) hexacyanoferrate(III) powder Ni_3[Fe(CN)_6]_2ㆍXH_2O was prepared by coprecipitation method. The coprecipitated powder was annealed in vacuum at different temperatures of 140,and 160 ℃. Water molecules contained in Prussian blue analogues were removed by heating. The annealing of Ni^II ferricyanide induced an inner charge transfer from Ni^II towards Fe^III to form the mixed valence system Ni(II) Ni(III) ferri-ferro-cyanide. Variation of magnetic properties with different annealed temperatures was studied by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and Mössbauer and magnetization measurements. The differences in magnetic phase transition temperature, coercivity, remanence and effective magnetization are studied. Differences in magnetic properties may be attributed to a partial charge transfer from Ni^II to Fe^III.

Brazilian Medicinal Plant Acts on Prostaglandin Level and Helicobacter pylori

Z.P. Lima,T.R. Calvo,E.F. Silva,C.H. Pellizzon,W. Vilegas,A.R.M.S. Brito,T.M. Bauab,C.A. Hiruma-Lima 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.4

Among the current treatment strategies for the peptic ulcer patient with Helicobacter pylori infection, the method of choice is triple therapy based on the concurrent use of proton inhibitors and two antibiotics. Alchornea triplinervia is a medicinal plant commonly used by people living in the Cerrado region of Brazil to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. In the present work we proposed therapy based on this medicinal plant that presents effective gastroprotective action with antibiotic effects. Oral pretreatment with methanolic extract (ME) of A. triplinervia in rats and mice decreased the gastric injuries induced by ethanol and HCl/ethanol. Increasing the dose reduced the gastroprotective effects of ME on the gastric lesions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. After pylorus ligature of mice, oral administration of ME induced a decrease not only in total acid but also in the ulcer index. We also observed that ME displayed antibacterial activity against H. pylori. Liquid-liquid separation of ME indicated that active constituents responsible for the gastroprotective action are concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (50% protection) rather than in the aqueous fraction, which did not induce significant gastroprotection at the same dose (100 mg/kg). EAF induced an increase of gastric mucosa prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels, which remained high even after previous administration of indomethacin. The phytochemical profile of ME revealed that EAF contains mainly flavonoids. In conclusion, all these results suggest that ME did not show acute toxicity, but exhibited an antisecretory property, anti-H. pylori effect, and gastroprotective action. The observed effect did not involve the participation of nitric oxide or endogenous sulfhydryl groups. However, EAF showed a more efficient gastroprotective effect than ME at a lower dose and protected the gastric mucosa by increasing PGE2.