Three major dietary patterns are all independently related to the risk of obesity among 3760 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

Okubo, H,Sasaki, S,Murakami, K,Kim, M K,Takahashi, Y,Hosoi, Y,Itabashi, M Nature Publishing Group 2008 International Journal of Obesity Vol.32 No.3

Objective:To examine associations between dietary patterns and obesity.Design:Cross-sectional study.Subjects:A total of 3760 Japanese female dietetic course students aged 18–20 years from 53 institutions in Japan.Measurements:Diet was assessed over a 1-month period with a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire with 148 food items, from which 30 food groups were created and entered into a factor analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported body height and weight.Results:Mean BMI (±s.d.) was 20.9±2.8 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>. Four dietary patterns were identified. After adjustment for several confounding factors and total energy intake, the ‘Healthy’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, potatoes, fish and shellfish, soy products, processed fish, fruit and salted vegetables, was significantly associated with a lower risk of BMI25 (odds ratio of the highest quintile vs lowest, 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.87; P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the ‘Japanese traditional’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of rice, miso soup and soy products, and the ‘Western’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of meats, fats and oils, seasonings, processed meats and eggs, were both significantly associated with an increased risk of BMI25 (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17–2.67; P for trend <0.01 and OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.01–2.40; P for trend=0.04, respectively).Conclusion:Three major dietary patterns, Healthy, Japanese traditional and Western, were all independently and significantly related to the risk of obesity even among a relatively lean young Japanese female population.International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, 541–549; doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803737; published online 25 September 2007

Ti-6Al-4V 합금의 내부 미소결함에 따른 초음파 신호 특성 연구

최상우,이준현,--,-- 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.6

Ti합금은 고온환경에서 고강도가 요구되는 항공기의 엔진 부품등의 소재로 적용되고 있다. Ti합금은 이와 같이 기계적 성능이 우수함에도 불구하고 α상과 β상의 조성에 의한 두 상의 띠세 구조에 의한 초음파 산란으로 초음파를 이용한 비파괴 평가에서 피로균열 검출이 어려운 단점이 있다. 합금내의 결정립에서 산란되는 초음파 신호에 의하여 결함이 존재하지 않는 경우에도 산란 신호가 검출되는 결정립 산란 잡음 신호가 존재하며, 이들 결정립 산란 잡음신호는 합금내부에 존재하는 기공 및 불순물 등의 결함 검출을 어렵게 하는 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 Ti합금의 효율적인 초음파를 이용한 비파괴 평가의 적용을 위하여 Ti합금 시험편에 대하여 초음파 전파속도 측정 및 미세 드릴 가공에 의한 인공 결함의 검출능 평가 등을 수행하였다. Ti alloy is used for essential parts of aircraft for high temperature environment. Although Ti alloy has excellent performance in regard to mechanical properties, it is difficult to find fatigue cracks by nondestructive ultrasonic inspection due to its two-phase microstructure, which consists of hard alpha and beta phases. Sound energy reflected from microstructural features in the component produces a background inspection noise which is seen even when no defects are present. This noise can inhibit the detection of critical internal defects such as pores cracks or inclusions. To obtain fundamental data on ultrasonic inspection of Ti alloy, ultrasonic testing was performed using a specimen with small drill holes and ultrasonic wave propagation velocities were measured.

Near Net Shape Processing of RE-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductors

Murakami M.,Fujishiro M.,Miyazaki T.,Nariki S.,Sakai N.,Hirabayashi I. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

Several practical applications of melt-textured bulk superconductors require the complex-shaped products such as curved, ring-shaped, and drilled blocks rather than simple shaped pellets. However, melt-textured bulk superconductors are often damaged when they are cut, grinded, or drilled. With the aim of reducing such damages, we have investigated the preparation of the complex-shaped bulk superconductors by previously machining binder-added precursors and pre-sintered precursors. We could produce various complex-shaped bulk superconductors without cracking from these machined precursors

Effeets of Local Damage on Asymptotic Stress Field of a Growing Creep Crack

Murakami, S .,Liu, Y .,Hirano, T .,Mizuno, M . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.3

A parametric study on the effects of local damage field on the crack-tip stress field of a growing Mode I creep crack is performed in the framework of Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM). According to the results of creep crack growth analysis based on CDM and Finite Element Method, the damage distribution 1-(D/D_(cr))=h(θ)r^m represented by a power law function of the radius r from the crack tip is postulated for the damage variable D. The damage effects are incorporated into the Norton creep law by means of the hypothesis of strain equivalence of CDM. The resulting two-point boundary value problems of differential equations for the growing creep cracks in the states of plane strain and plane stress are solved by means of a shooting method. For a given creep exponent n of the Norton law, the exponent p of the asymptotic stress field σ_(ij) ∝ r^n is found to be governed by the exponent m of the power law damage distribution r^m.

The Shape Control of ZnO Based Nanostructures

Jung, M. N.,Ha, S. Y.,Kim, H. S.,Ko, H. J.,Ko, H.,Lee, W. H.,Oh, D. C.,Murakami, Y.,Yao, T.,Chang, J. H. American Scientific Publishers 2006 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.6 No.11

<P>Tetrapod-shape ZnO nanostructures are formed on Si substrates by vapor phase transportation method. The effects of two important growth parameters, growth temperature and VI/II ratio, are investigated. The growth temperature is varied in the range from 600 °C to 900 °C to control the vapor pressure of group II-element and the formation process of nanostructures. VI/II ratio was changed by adjusting the flux of carrier gas which affects indirectly the supplying rate of group VI-element. From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), systematic variation of shape including cluster, rod, wire and tetrapod was observed. ZnO tetrapods, formed at 800 °C under the carrier gas flux of 0.5 cc/mm<SUP>2</SUP> min, show considerably uniform shape with 100 nm thick and 1 ∼ 1.5 <I>μ</I>m long legs. Also stoichiometric composition (O/Zn ∼ 1) was observed without any second phase structures. While, the decrease of growth temperature and the increase of carrier gas flux, results in the irregular shaped nanostructures with non-stoichiometric composition. The excellent luminescence properties, strong excitonic UV emission at 3.25 eV without deep level emission, indicate that the high crystalline quality tetrapod structures can be formed at the optimized growth conditions.</P>

Development of the readout system for the K2K SciBar detector

Yoshida, M.,Yamamoto, S.,Murakami, T.,Tanaka, M.,Nakaya, T.,Nishikawa, K.,Joo, K.K.,Kim, B.J.,Kim, J.Y.,Kim, S.B.,Lee, M.J.,Lim, I.T. IEEE 2004 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.51 No.6

Readout electronics for the scintillation bar tracking detector (SciBar) in the K2K neutrino oscillation experiment has been developed. SciBar has 14 336 scintillator bars in total. The deposited energy and timing of particles from neutrino interactions in the scintillator bars are measured by 64-channel multianode photo-multiplier tubes (MAPMTs). Compact custom-designed electronics to record the MAPMT signals were developed, consisting of front-end circuit boards attached to each MAPMT and back-end electronics modules sitting in a VME crate. The front-end circuit board multiplexes pulse-height information from all 64 anodes and generates a fast triggering signal. Two sets of ASICs (IDEAS VA32HDR11 and TA32CG) are employed for these functions. The bias voltages and relay of control signals are also handled on the board. The back-end electronics module controls the front-end board by providing the control, timing, and low-voltage signals. The board also digitizes the multiplexed signal from the front-end. The electronics achieves low noise of less than 0.3 photo-electrons and good linearity up to 300 (150) photo-electrons for MAPMTs at the gain of 5×10<SUP>5</SUP> (10<SUP>6</SUP>).

Encoderless Motor Design for Servo Drive Applications

S. Murakami,M. Ohto,M. Hisatsune,T. Shiota,K. Ide 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Improvement of output power of encoderless motor is desired in servo drive applications. However, as load on the encoderless motor increases, high frequency inductance distribution distorts so heavily that rotor position estimation becomes very difficult, which is a major technical problem hindering the improvement. This paper deals with a motor design aiming for high output power encoderless motor with concentrated winding and IPM configuration. First, reduction of armature reaction is referred to as the fundamental design concept. Next, a motor configuration realizing the concept is proposed. Then, motor design is conducted, and characteristics of a prototype motor is measured and evaluated. As a result, the prototype motor is verified to achieve basic servo motor performances and to have an almost sinusoidal high frequency inductance distribution feature without crucial distortion even when load increases. Output power of encoderless motor is enhanced by the design method presented in this paper.

Vacuum ultraviolet optical properties of a micro-pulling-down-method grown Nd³⁺:(La_0.9,Ba_0.1)F_2.9

Cadatal, M.,Furukawa, Y.,Seo, Y.-S.,Ono, S.,Estacio, E.,Murakami, H.,Fujimoto, Y.,Sarukura, N.,Nakatsuka, M.,Fukuda, K. OPTICAL SOC- AMERICA 2008 Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Opti Vol.25 No.7

Impact of carbon impurities on the confinement of high-ion-temperature discharges in the Large Helical Device

Osakabe, M,Takahashi, H,Nagaoka, K,Murakami, S,Yamada, I,Yoshinuma, M,Ida, K,Yokoyama, M,Seki, R,Lee, H,Nakamura, Y,Tamura, N,Sudo, S,Tanaka, K,Seki, T,Takeiri, Y,Kaneko, O,Yamada, H Published jointly by The Institute of Physics and 2014 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.56 No.9

Effects of Sodium Polyacrylate and Phytase-Supplemented Diet on Performance and Phosphorus Retention in Chicks

Yamazaki, M.,Murakami, H.,Ohtsu, H.,Abe, H.,Takemasa, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.11

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of addition of sodium polyacrylate (SPA) to a phytasesupplemented diet on the performance and phosphorus (P) retention of chicks. In experiment 1, chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments which were fed from 7 to 21 days of age: i) basal diet (low nonphytate phosphorus (0.23% NPP)); ii) basal with 250 U/kg diet of phytase; iii) as (ii) with 2.5 g/kg diet of SPA; and iv) as (ii) with 5.0 g/kg diet of SPA. In experiment 2, three replicates, each with three chicks, were fed from 7 to 28 days of age the basal diet (0.23% NPP) with supplementation of phytase (0, 300, 600, 900 U/kg diet) and SPA (0, 2.5 g/kg diet) in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. In Experiment 1, feed efficiency was improved and excreted P was 10% less with phytase supplementation. However, the addition of SPA did not affect performance or P excretion. Dietary SPA supplementation to the diets showed significantly higher amounts of P retention, and highest values were observed in chicks fed 2.5 g/kg of the SPA-supplemented diet. In Experiment 2, feed efficiency was improved with phytase supplementation, and the addition of SPA showed significant improvement in feed efficiency. Excreted P was significantly lower in chicks fed SPA-supplemented diets, and the retained P coefficient improved with SPA supplementation. In conclusion, the increased transit time of digesta with suitable supplementation levels of SPA may allow phytase activity to be more effective in the degradation of phytate, and improve P retention.