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The AKARI NEP-Deep survey: a mid-infrared source catalogue
Takagi, T.,Matsuhara, H.,Goto, T.,Hanami, H.,Im, M.,Imai, K.,Ishigaki, T.,Lee, H. M.,Lee, M. G.,Malkan, M.,Ohyama, Y.,Oyabu, S.,Pearson, C. P.,Serjeant, S.,Wada, T.,White, G. J. Springer-Verlag 2012 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.537 No.-
<P>We present a new catalogue of mid-IR sources using the AKARI NEP-Deep survey. The InfraRed Camera (IRC) onboard AKARI has a comprehensive mid-IR wavelength coverage with 9 photometric bands at 2–24?µm. We utilized all of these bands to cover a nearly circular area adjacent to the north ecliptic pole (NEP). We designed the catalogue to include most of sources detected in 7, 9, 11, 15 and 18?µm bands, and found 7284 sources in a 0.67?deg<SUP>2</SUP> area. From our simulations, we estimate that the catalogue is~80 per cent complete to 200µJy at 15–18µm, and ~10 per cent of sources are missed, owing to source blending. Star-galaxy separation is conducted using only AKARI photometry, as a result of which 10 per cent of catalogued sources are found to be stars. The number counts at 11, 15, 18, and 24µm are presented for both stars and galaxies. A drastic increase in the source density is found in between 11 and 15µm at the flux level of~300micro;Jy. This is likely due to the redshifted PAH emission at 8µm, given our rough estimate of redshifts from an AKARI colour–colour plot. Along with the mid-IR source catalogue, we present optical-NIR photometry for sources falling inside a Subaru/Sprime-cam image covering part of the AKARI NEP-Deep field, which is deep enough to detect most of AKARI mid-IR sources, and useful to study optical characteristics of a complete mid-IR source sample.</P>
Goto, M.,Bae, H.,Lee, S.S.,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.5
Effect of a surfactant Tween 80 on the bacterial growth in the rumen was examined on the in vitro pure cultures of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, Megasphaera elsidenni, Fibrobacta succinogenes, Ruminanococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Dry matter degradability (DMD), concentrations and compositions of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and the most probable number (MPN) of cellulolytic bacteria and total number of bacteria in the presence of Tween 80 were also examined on the in vitro rumen mixed culture either with barley grain or orchardgrass hay. The growth of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, P. ruminicola, M. elsidenni and F. succinogenes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at over 0.05% concentrations of Tween 80 than those of the control cultures, while was not changed with R. albus and R. flavefaciens. With rumen mixed culture the DMD of barley grain and orchardgrass hay was significantly higher (p<0.05) at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 than the control, being reflected in the significantly higher (p<0.05) VFA production (mmol $g^{-1}$DDM) with orchardgrass hay. The higher (p<0.05) ratio of propionate to acetate at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 was also observed with orchardgrass hay, showing a similar trend with barley grain. No changes in the total bacterial number and MPN of cellulolytic bacteria were observed.
Tu, T H,Kim, C-S,Kang, J-H,Nam-Goong, I S,Nam, C W,Kim, E S,Kim, Y I,Choi, J I,Kawada, T,Goto, T,Park, T,Yoon Park, J H,Choi, M-S,Yu, R Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 International journal of obesity Vol.38 No.8
Background:4-1BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, has a role in various inflammatory pathologies through its interaction with 4-1BB ligand. We previously demonstrated that it participates in initiating and promoting obesity-induced adipose inflammation in a rodent model.Objective:In this study, we examined whether 4-1BB is related to obesity-induced adipose inflammation and metabolic parameters in humans.Methods:A total of 50 subjects, 25 obese (body mass index (BMI)⩾25 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) and 25 lean (BMI<23 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) participated in the study. The levels of 4-1BB transcripts and soluble 4-1BB protein (s4-1BB) in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Inflammatory and metabolic parameters were measured by enzymatic analysis and immunoassay.Results:Obese subjects had higher levels of both 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue than lean controls, and the levels were correlated with BMI and the expression of inflammatory markers, as well as with serum metabolic parameters. Moreover, s4-1BB was released from human adipocytes, and elicited chemotactic responses from human monocytes/T cells as well as enhancing their inflammatory activity, indicating that it may promote human adipose inflammation.Discussion:Our data demonstrate that elevated levels of 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB in adipose tissue are closely associated with obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. They suggest that both 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB could serve as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic syndrome in humans.
C.Harada,H.Makino,H.Goto,T.Minegishi,T.Suzuki,M.W.Cho,T.Yao 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.6
We report on a surface property of bulk ZnO crystals and an optical method to evaluate it. Bulk ZnO crystals have a damagedsurface layer due to chemomechanical polishing. We prepared the ZnO crystals by etching, and evaluated the improvement of thesurface by high-resolution X-ray diraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL). In PL measurements, the relative intensity of therst order longitudinal optical phonon replica of free exciton (FX-1LO) to second order process (FX-2LO) was compared. Therelative intensity becomes weak with increasing etched depth and nally saturates at the etched depth of 5l m. This result agrees wellwith XRD results.
AKARI mid-infrared slitless spectroscopic survey of star-forming galaxies at <i>z</i> ≲ 0.5
Ohyama, Y.,Wada, T.,Matsuhara, H.,Takagi, T.,Malkan, M.,Goto, T.,Egami, E.,Lee, H.-M.,Im, M.,Kim, J.H.,Pearson, C.,Inami, H.,Oyabu, S.,Usui, F.,Burgarella, D.,Mazyed, F.,Imanishi, M.,Jeong, W.-S.,Miya EDP Sciences 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.618 No.-
<P><I>Context.</I> Deep mid-infrared (MIR) surveys have revealed numerous strongly star-forming galaxies at redshift <I>z</I> ≲ 2. Their MIR fluxes are produced by a combination of continuum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features. The PAH features can dominate the total MIR flux, but are difficult to measure without spectroscopy.</P><P><I>Aims.</I> We aim to study star-forming galaxies by using a blind spectroscopic survey at MIR wavelengths to understand evolution of their star formation rate (SFR) and specific SFR (SFR per stellar mass) up to <I>z</I> ≃ 0.5, by paying particular attention to their PAH properties.</P><P><I>Methods.</I> We conducted a low-resolution (<I>R</I> ≃ 50) slitless spectroscopic survey at 5-13 <I>μ</I>m of 9 <I>μ</I>m flux-selected sources (>0.3 mJy) around the north ecliptic pole with the infrared camera (IRC) onboard AKARI. After removing 11 AGN candidates by using the IRC photometry, we identify 48 PAH galaxies with PAH 6.2, 7.7, and 8.6 <I>μ</I>m features at <I>z</I> < 0.5. The rest-frame optical-MIR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) based on CFHT and IRC imaging covering 0.37-18 <I>μ</I>m were produced, and analysed in conjunction with the PAH spectroscopy. We defined the PAH enhancement by using the luminosity ratio of the 7.7 <I>μ</I>m PAH feature over the 3.5 <I>μ</I>m stellar component of the SEDs.</P><P><I>Results.</I> The rest-frame SEDs of all PAH galaxies have a universal shape with stellar and 7.7 <I>μ</I>m bumps, except that the PAH enhancement significantly varies as a function of the PAH luminosities. We identify a PAH-enhanced population at <I>z</I> ≳ 0.35, whose SEDs and luminosities are typical of luminous infrared galaxies. They show particularly larger PAH enhancement at high luminosity, implying that they are vigorous star-forming galaxies with elevated specific SFR. Our composite starburst model that combines a very young and optically very thick starburst with a very old population can successfully reproduce most of their SED characteristics, although we cannot confirm this optically think component from our spectral analysis.</P>
OVERVIEW OF THE NORTH ECLIPTIC POLE DEEP MULTI-WAVELENGTH SURVEY (NEP-DEEP)
Matsuhara, H.,Wada, T.,Takagi, T.,Nakagawa, T.,Murata, K.,Churei, S.,Goto, T.,Oyabu, S.,Takeuchi, T.T.,Ohyama, Y.,Miyaji, T.,Krumpe, M.,Lee, H.M.,Im, M.,Serjeant, S.,Peason, C.P.,White, G.,Malkan, M.A The Korean Astronomical Society 2012 天文學論叢 Vol.27 No.4
An overview of the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) deep multi-wavelength survey covering from X-ray to radio wavelengths is presented. The main science objective of this multi-wavelength project is to unveil the star-formation and AGN activities obscured by dust in the violent epoch of the Universe (z=0.5-2), when the star formation and black-hole evolution activities were much stronger than the present. The NEP deep survey with AKARI/IRC consists of two survey projects: shallow wide (8.2 sq. deg, NEP-Wide) and the deep one (0.6 sq. deg, NEP-Deep). The NEP-Deep provides us with a $15{\mu}m$ or $18{\mu}m$ selected sample of several thousands of galaxies, the largest sample ever made at these wavelengths. A continuous filter coverage at mid-IR wavelengths (7, 9, 11, 15, 18, and $24{\mu}m$) is unique and vital to diagnose the contribution from starbursts and AGNs in the galaxies at the violent epoch. The recent updates of the ancillary data are also provided: optical/near-IR magnitudes (Subaru, CFHT), X-ray (Chandra), FUV/NUV (GALEX), radio (WSRT, GMRT), optical spectra (Keck/DEIMOS etc.), Subaru/FMOS, Herschel/SPIRE, and JCMT/SCUBA-2.
Goto, K.,Kajihara, Y.,Kosaka, S.,Koba, M.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K.,Oku, T.,Fujiyama, M.,Yoshida, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.4
Bovine blastocysts were obtained by totally in-vitro technique and then transferred to recipient cows. Total of 15 calves (including 4 premature calves) were obtained from 11 recipients. Four calves were obtained from the transfers of fresh blastocysts and 9 calves were obtained from the transfers of frozen-thawed blastocysts. Two calves were obtained from the bisected fresh blastocyst. The males and 5 females were delivered. Birth weight of calves was within normal range except one female, and all calves appeared to be completely normal.
Goto, M.,Han, S.Z.,Euh, K.,Kang, J.H.,Kim, S.S.,Kawagoishi, N. Elsevier Science 2010 Acta materialia Vol.58 No.19
Fatigue tests were conducted on smooth specimens of ultrafine-grained copper produced by 4 and 12 passes of equal channel angular pressing (henceforth referred to as UFG4 and UFG12, respectively). A major crack was initiated from shear bands at an early stage of stressing. The UFG4 and UFG12 samples exhibited different growth behavior tendencies at a low crack growth rate (CGR). For UFG12, the CGR initially increased as the crack was extended with continued fatigue cycling, but then abruptly decreased before CGR reaching 10<SUP>-6</SUP>mm/c. This drop was temporary and was gradually recovered with subsequent cycling. The drop and recovery in CGR corresponded to the transitions from planar to granular fracture surface and from granular to striated fracture surface, respectively. For UFG4, there was no temporary CGR reduction, which corresponded to the change in the fracture surfaces from a planar to striated surface without any granulated surface formation. To understand the changes in growth rate and fracture surface morphologies, a quantitative model describing the crack growth mechanism is developed in this study by considering the reversible plastic zone size and the microstructural factors. The relationship between the crack growth behavior and the formation of the fracture surface is discussed based on the model.
Goto, M.,Bae, Hee-Dong,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Baah, J.,Sugawara, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1
The study evaluates the enzymatic dry matter (DM) degradability and water holding capacity of leaf and stem fractions of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) at different growth stages with or without the presence of surfactant Tween 80. While Tween 80 significantly (p<0.05) increased water and enzyme holding capacities in the leaf blades fraction, less was observed in the fraction of leaf sheath and stem of orchardgrass. The enzyme holding capacity in the leaves was also altered more than that for water holding capacity. This resulted in the increased rate and extent of enzymatic hydrolysis of the leaf blade fractions at two growth stages, whereas little was with leaf sheath and stem fractions. It was also observed that at 0.005% concentrations of Tween 80 the enzymatic DM degradability of young leaf blades was higher (p<0.05) by 20-30% compared to that of the control, as well as for water and enzyme holding capacity. For matured leaf blades the DM degradability were increased with over 0.01% concentrations of the surfactant, but the increase was less than leaf blades of young orchardgrass. This result suggests the possibility of using the surfactant Tween 80 to improve forage digestibility in the rumen.