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HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE: IS THE EMPIRICAL CLASSIFICATION USABLE?
Jørgen Ulff Møller Nielsen,Teit Lü,thje People&Global Business Association 2002 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.7 No.1
On the basis of OECD trade statistics at SITC 5 digit level for the period 1961-1999 this paper shows the classification of international trade in (1) inter-industry trade; (2) horizontal intra-industry; and (3) vertical intra-industry trade used in the empirical trade literature to be unstable at the individual product level. This indicates that this type of statistical classification based on unit-values is probably not very useful. On the other hand, the paper also shows in accordance with the literature, that the aggregate distribution of trade into the three categories apparently is rather stable with vertical intra-industry trade (between Germany and France) making up 50-60%. The high level of vertical intra-industry trade probably cover-up many products shifting between e.g. vertical and horizontal intra-industry. The statement from the literature that the European integration process involves heavy adjustment costs because of the size of vertical intra-industry trade is therefore rather dubious.
OWNERSHIP, INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE AND FACTOR INTENSITIES: THE CASE OF POLAND 1993-2002
Jørgen Ulff Møller Nielsen,Konrad Pawlik 사람과세계경영학회 2004 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.9 No.2
This paper investigates the association between intra-industry trade (IIT) for foreign, private domestic and public domestic companies in Poland and the size of multinational activity measured by the stock of FDI. Using a unique database on imports and exports from companies in Poland 1993-2002 divided along three ownership types, the paper finds in a pooled regression model a positive association between the size of foreign presence and the level of IIT for foreign-owned companies, but no significant spill-over effects from foreign presence to the level and development of IIT for private and public domestic companies. A negative IIT growth for private and public companies and a small positive growth for foreign-owned companies in science-based industries indicate that advanced technological spill-over effects to the Polish economy are still in their infancy.