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Hack-Lyoung Kim,Myung-A Kim 대한심장학회 2023 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.53 No.10
Interest in sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) has been steadily increasing. Concurrently, most of the data on these differences have primarily been Western-oriented. The KoRean wOmen’S chest pain rEgistry (KoROSE), started in 2011, has since published numerous research findings. This review aims to summarize the reported differences between men and women in CAD, integrating data from KoROSE. Cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women escalates dramatically due to the decrease in estrogen levels, which normally offer cardiovascular protective effects. Lower estrogen levels can lead to abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, increased blood pressure, and endothelial dysfunction in older women. Upon analyzing patients with CAD, women are typically older and exhibit more cardiovascular risk factors than men. Diagnosing CAD in women tends to be delayed due to their symptoms being more atypical than men’s. While in-hospital outcome was similar between sexes, bleeding complications after percutaneous coronary intervention occur more frequently in women. The differences in long-term prognosis for CAD patients between men and women are still a subject of ongoing debate. Pregnancy and reproductive factors also play a significant role as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. A notable sex disparity exists, with women found to use fewer cardiovascular protective drugs and undergo fewer interventional or surgical procedures than men. Additionally, women participate less frequently than men in clinical research. Through concerted efforts to increase awareness of sex differences and mitigate sex disparity, personalized treatment can be provided. This approach can ultimately improve patient prognosis.
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Factors Associated with Low Awareness of Heart Failure in the General Population of Korea
Hack-Lyoung Kim,Mi-Hyang Jung,Jae Hyuk Choi,Sunki Lee,Min Gyu Kong,Jin Oh Na,조양현,Kyoung-Im Cho,Dong-Ju Choi,Eung Ju Kim 대한심장학회 2020 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.50 No.7
Background and Objectives: Factors associated with low heart failure (HF) awareness have not been well-evaluated. This study was conducted to find out which demographic features would be associated with low HF awareness in the general population of Korea. Methods: A telephone interview was conducted with 1,032 adults (58 years and 50.6% were male) across the country. Based on answer to 15 questions about HF, we scored from 0 to 15 points (mean, 7.53±2.75; median, 8; interquartile range, 6–9). A score of <8 was defined as low HF awareness, and a score of ≥8 was defined as high HF awareness. Results: A total of 478 subjects (46.3%) had low HF awareness. HF awareness scores were 5.18±1.85 and 9.55±1.50 in subjects of low and high HF awareness groups, respectively. Subjects with low HF awareness were older, more female-dominant, more diabetic, lower educational and house hold income levels, and more frequently living in rural areas, compared to those with high HF awareness (p<0.05 for each). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, older age (≥67 years: odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–2.19; p=0.004), female sex (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02–1.73; p=0.034) and low educational level (high school graduate or less vs. college graduate: OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.75–3.22; p<0.001) were significantly associated with low HF awareness even after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions: Older age, female sex, and lower level of education were independently associated with low HF awareness in the general Korean population. More attention and education are needed for these vulnerable groups to improve HF awareness.
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( Hack Lyoung Kim ),( Jae Bin Seo ),( Woo Young Chung ),( Sang Hyun Kim ),( Myung A Kim ),( Joo Hee Zo ) 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.5
Background/Aims: Most current knowledge regarding amiodarone toxicity derivesfrom clinical trials. This study was performed to investigate the incidenceand risk factors of overall adverse effects of amiodarone in real-world practice usinga large sample size. Methods: Between January 1, 2000 and March 10, 2012, a total of 930 consecutivepatients who had been treated with amiodarone for arrhythmia were reviewedretrospectively. An amiodarone-associated adverse event was considered in casesof discontinuation or drug dose reduction due to an unexpected clinical response. Results: The mean daily dose of amiodarone was 227 ± 126 mg, and the mean durationwas 490 ± 812 days. During the mean follow-up duration of 982 ± 1,137 days,a total of 154 patients (16.6%) experienced adverse effects related to amiodarone,the most common being bradycardia or conduction disturbance (9.5%). Major organtoxicities in the thyroid (2.5%), liver (2.2%), eyes (0.6%), and lungs (0.3%) wererare. All patients recovered fully without complications after amiodarone discontinuationor dose reduction. The only independent predictor of adverse effectswas the duration of amiodarone treatment (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval,1.03 to 1.41; p = 0.016, per year). Conclusions: Low-dose amiodarone is well tolerated in a real-world clinical population. Further studies with a prospective design are needed to confirm thisfinding.
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Hack-Lyoung Kim,Jaehoon Chung,Kyung-Jin Kim,Hyun-Jin Kim,Won-Woo Seo,Ki-Hyun Jeon,Iksung Cho,Jin Joo Park,Min-Ho Lee,Jon Suh,Sang-Yup Lim,Seonghoon Choi,Sang-Hyun Kim 대한심장학회 2022 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.52 No.2
With the recent rapid increase in obesity worldwide, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has gained significant importance. MetS is a cluster of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, high blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance. MetS is highly prevalent and strongly associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease, putting a great burden on human society. Therefore, it is very important to reduce MetS risk, which can improve patients’ cardiovascular prognosis. The primary and most effective strategy to control each component of MetS is lifestyle change such as losing body weight, keeping regular exercise, adopting a healthy diet, quitting smoking and alcohol drinking in moderation. Many studies have shown that lifestyle modification has improved all components of MetS, and reduces the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, the Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome has summarized specific and practical methods of lifestyle modification in the management of MetS in the healthcare field.
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이령(Lyoung Lee),최미경(Mi Kyung Choi) 한국디자인문화학회 2011 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.17 No.2
제품 및 서비스 기업에서 자사 제품 혹은 서비스를 홍보하고 마케팅 하기 위한 수단으로 디자인을 사용해왔다. 그러나. 21세기 현재 디자인은 그 역할과 영역이 다양해졌다. 눈에 보이고 만져지는 유형의 제품 그리고 눈에 보이지 않는 서비스, 경험에 이르기까지, 인간이 삶을 영위하는 모든 환경에서 디자인의 역할이 요구된다. 디자인이 이러한 역할을 감당하기 위해서 기존의 유형화 된 제품 생산 만을 위한 디자인 프로세스로는 부족한 부분이 있다. 무형의 요소까지 디자인 할 수 있는 종합적이고, 전체적인 관점의 디자인프로세스가 요구된다. 해외에서는 디자인의 영역이 이미 오래 전부터 창의적 디자인 사고를 중심으로 무형의 요소를 포함한 역할을 해왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 특정 디자인 영역이 아닌 총체적인 디자인 프로젝트에서 사용되는 디자인 프로세스를 중심으로 선형적으로 정리된 것으로 연구의 범위를 한정한다. 그러므로 좀 더 광범위한 디자인 영역을 아우르는 해외 선진 디자인 기업에서 주로 사용되어지고 있는 디자인 프로세스인 ``더블 다이아몬드 디자인프로세스``를 문헌 조사와 실제적인 사례 연구를 통해 구체적으로 분석해보고자 한다. 또한 그것을 현재 우리나라에서 사용되어지는 디자인 프로세스를 함께 정리함으로 우리나라 사람들의 사고와 사회, 문화 환경에 적합한 요인을 찾고자 한다. 우리나라는 디자인의 개념과 역할이 해외 선진국과 차이가 있기 때문이다. 그러므로 해외 선진 디자인 기업들이 디자인의 좀 더 광범위한 역할인 사회문제를 해결하거나, 사람들의 유,무형의 경험을 디자인 할 때에 효과적으로 사용하는 디자인 프로세스를 바탕으로 우리나라 환경에 적합한 프로세스로의 전환이 필요하다. 우리나라에서는 무형의 경험이나 서비스 보다 유형의 결과물을 더 중시하는 경향이 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 서비스 디자인 프로세스인 ``더블 다이아몬드 디자인 프로세스``의 효과성을 인정하고, 유무형의 경험을 디자인하는 것을 바탕으로 우리나라 환경에 적합하도록 ``유형성`` 단계를 강화, 개선시킨 ``한국형 더블 다이아몬드 디자인프로세스``를 제시한다. 그러한 프로세스를 적용한 국내 성공 사례인 ``에너지절감 아파트관리비고지서 리디자인`` 프로젝트를 중심으로 우리나라 디자인 기업이 효과적으로 사용할 수 있는 디자인 프로세스를 임을 증명하였다. Products and services from companies marketing their products or services as a means to promote and design has been used. However. 21st century design that has become a variety of roles and areas. Palpable visible and invisible products of the type of service, experience, ranging from the human lives the role of design in all environments is required. Design in order to fulfill these roles, existing only for production of the typed portion of the design process are lacking include. Intangible elements that can be designed from a comprehensive, holistic view of the design process is required. In the design of offshore area has long been a center of creative thinking in design, including elements of intangible played a role. In this study, the overall design rather than a specific design area used in the project design process to be arranged linearly around the limited scope of the study. Therefore, more extensive international advanced design, corporate design, an area encompassing the design process, is used mainly in the ``double-diamond design process,`` a literature survey and practical case study is designed to analyze in detail. In addition to its current design process in the country are used to wrap together the thinking of country people and social and cultural environment is to find the appropriate factors. The design concept and the role of our country abroad, and the difference is because developed countries. Therefore, advanced international design firms design more extensive role, social problems, or people`s tangible and intangible experiences to design the time to use it effectively to the design process based on country appropriate for the environment as a process of transition is necessary. In Korea, more types of services and intangible experiences and tend to more important results. Therefore, this study design process, the services` double-diamond design process` recognition of the effectiveness and availability based on type of experience to design the environment to suit our country ``tangibles`` strengthening phase, led to improvements in Koreans` Double Diamond Design process` are presented. Applying such a process domestic success ``energy-saving apartments redesign expenses bill`` project design company based in Korea can be used effectively to prove that the design process.
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Hack-Lyoung Kim,So Won Oh,Hyunjong Lee,Hee Jun Kim,You Nui Kim,Woo-Hyun Lim,Jae-Bin Seo,Sang-Hyun Kim,Myung-A Kim,Joo-Hee Zo 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.1
Objective: Unrecognized left main coronary artery disease (LMCD) is often fatal; however, accuracy of non-invasive tests for diagnosing LMCD is still unsatisfactory. This study was performed to elucidate single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) detection of LMCD using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) data. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five patients (39 men; mean age, 68.1 ± 10.9 years) diagnosed with significant left main (LM) stenosis (≥ 50%) by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were retrospectively reviewed. All study patients underwent SPECT with pharmacologic stress within 30 days of ICA. All coronary lesions were quantified via QCA, and SPECT findings were compared with QCA results. Results: Only four patients (7.3%) had isolated LMCD; all others had combined significant stenosis (≥ 70%) of one or more other epicardial coronary arteries. Patients with more severe coronary artery disease tended to have higher values for summed difference scores in a greater number of regions, but the specific pattern was not clearly defined. Summed stress score of SPECT did not differ according to LM stenosis severity. Only three patients (5.4%) had a typical LM pattern of reversible perfusion defect on SPECT. A significant negative linear correlation between stenosis severity and stress perfusion percent was found in the left anterior descending artery region (r = -0.455, p < 0.001) but not in the left circumflex artery. Conclusion: Single-photon emission computed tomography findings were heterogeneous, not specific and poorly correlated to QCA data in patients with significant LMCD. This may be due to highly prevalent significant stenosis of other epicardial coronary arteries.
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