Young Children's Acquisition and Understanding of Words that Express Logical Relations

Lucia French 대한사고개발학회 1992 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.2 No.2

This article discusses research on young children's comprehension of relational terms such as BEFORE, AFTER, BECAUSE, and SO. A general review of the literature on children's comprehension of these terms is followed by a critique that is supported from three sources - the author's own data on children's accurate production of the same terms they apparently fail to comprehend, methodological critiques of the interpretation of the research on children's comprehension, and a theoretical account of the comprehension-production disparity in terms of the differing cognitive demands of comprehension and production, and of different types of comprehension stimuli. Comprehension of relational terms involves more than comprehension of a single term; comprehension involves forming a mental representation of the relationship between two propositions that is expressed by the term. Forming a mental representation of a logically constrained or familiar relationship would seem to be cognitively simpler than forming a mental representation of an arbitrary or unfamiliar relationship. Two studies were carried out to assess this proposal, one assessing comprehension of sentences containing BEFORE and AFfER, the other assessing comprehension of sentences containing BECAUSE and SO. For each study, older children were equally able to comprehend the tenns regardless of the semantic content of the propositions being related, but the performance of younger children was strongly influenced by semantic content. The younger children gave evidence of having full knowledge of the lexical components of the terms being tested, but were not able to apply this knowledge in order to form mental representations of (comprehend) novel relationships. These results are discussed in terms of young children's knowledge being closely tied to personal experience, and development consisting in part of the ability to move beyond the constraints of operating within familiar cognitive contexts.

CATEGORICAL COLOR NAMING AND THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF THE "MISSING" 12<SUP>TH</SUP> CATEGORY

Lucia R. Ronchi 한국색채학회 2000 AIC MEETING SEOUL Vol.2000 No.11

Categorical Color Naming and the “Missing” 12th Category

Lucia R. Ronchi 한국색채학회 2000 AIC MEETING SEOUL Vol.2000 No.11

Coupling shape-memory alloy and embedded informatics toward a metallic self-healing material

Lucia Faravelli,Alessandro Marzi 국제구조공학회 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.9

This paper investigates the possibility of a strategy for an automatic full recover of a structural component undergoing loading-unloading (fatigue) cycles: full recover means here that no replacement is required at the end of the mission. The goal is to obtain a material capable of self healing earlier before the damage becomes irreversible. Attention is focused on metallic materials, and in particular on shape memory alloys, for which the recovering policy just relies on thermal treatments. The results of several fatigue tests are first reported to acquire a deep understanding of the physical process. Then, for cycles of constant amplitude, the self-healing objective is achieved by mounting, on the structural component of interest, a suitable microcontroller. Its input, from suitable sensors, covers the current stress and strain in the alloy. The microcontroller elaborates from the input the value of a decisional parameter and activates the thermal process when a threshold is overcome.

Experimental mechanical analysis of traditional in-service glass windows subjected to dynamic tests and hard body impact

Lucia Figuli,Daniel Papan,Zuzana Papanova,Chiara Bedon 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.27 No.2

The large use of glass in buildings, and especially the presence of fenestrations and facade systems, represents a potential critical issue for people safety. The brittle nature of glass (with limited elastic deformation and resistance) is often enforced by its use in combination of several secondary components, whose reciprocal interaction and potential damage should be properly assessed. In the case of windows, accordingly, a special care should be spent for glass members but also for the framing system and possible adhesive or mechanical connections. This study aims at exploring the dynamic response and damage sensitivity of traditional glass window systems, based on the experimental derivation of few key material properties and mechanical parameters. To this aim the attention is focused on traditional, in-service windows that belongs to existing residential buildings and are typically sustained by timber frames, through a linear flexible connection. In doing so, major advantage is taken from experimental analysis, both in the static and dynamic field, for whole window assemblies of single components. For comparative purposes, selected window specimens including plastic (PVC) frame members and Insulated Glass Units (IGUs) are also taken into account in the paper. The static characteristics of the windows components are first preliminary derived. The dynamic performance of such a kind of systems is then experimentally explored with the support of modal analysis techniques and hard body impact procedures, including the experimental derivation of stiffness parameters for the frame members and the glass panels. Further assessment of experimental outcomes is finally achieved with the support of Finite Element numerical analyses.

Do Child Abuse and Maltreatment Increase Risk of Schizophrenia?

Lucia Sideli,Alice Mule,Daniele La Barbera,Robin M. Murray 대한신경정신의학회 2012 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.9 No.2

IntroductionaaAlthough childhood abuse is a recognised risk factor for depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance misuse, its role in the aetiology of psychotic disorder remained controversial. This is in part because the putative effect of childhood trauma on psychosis has been mostly evaluated by small, cross sectional, uncontrolled studies that raised methodological issues. MethodsaaPapers concerning the association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders (to November, 2011) were identified using a comprehensive search of PubMed, Psychinfo, and Scopus and analysing reference list of relevant papers. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise results. ResultsaaAn association between childhood abuse and psychotic symptoms was consistently reported by large cross sectional surveys with an effect ranging from 1.7 to 15. However, we cannot conclude that the relationship is causal as lack of longitudinal studies prevent us from fully excluding alternative explanations such as reverse causality. Gender, cannabis use, and depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms appear to moderate the effect of childhood trauma on psychotic disorders. However, specificity of childhood abuse in psychotic disorders and, particularly, in schizophrenia has not been demonstrated. ConclusionaaAlthough the association between childhood abuse and psychosis has been replicated, the etiological role of such early adversity has yet to be fully clarified. So far none of the studies reported support the hypothesis that childhood abuse is either sufficient or necessary to develop a psychotic disorder. It seems likely that any effect of childhood abuse on schizophrenia needs to be understood in terms of genetic susceptibility and interaction with other environmental risk factors. IntroductionaaAlthough childhood abuse is a recognised risk factor for depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance misuse, its role in the aetiology of psychotic disorder remained controversial. This is in part because the putative effect of childhood trauma on psychosis has been mostly evaluated by small, cross sectional, uncontrolled studies that raised methodological issues. MethodsaaPapers concerning the association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders (to November, 2011) were identified using a comprehensive search of PubMed, Psychinfo, and Scopus and analysing reference list of relevant papers. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise results. ResultsaaAn association between childhood abuse and psychotic symptoms was consistently reported by large cross sectional surveys with an effect ranging from 1.7 to 15. However, we cannot conclude that the relationship is causal as lack of longitudinal studies prevent us from fully excluding alternative explanations such as reverse causality. Gender, cannabis use, and depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms appear to moderate the effect of childhood trauma on psychotic disorders. However, specificity of childhood abuse in psychotic disorders and, particularly, in schizophrenia has not been demonstrated. ConclusionaaAlthough the association between childhood abuse and psychosis has been replicated, the etiological role of such early adversity has yet to be fully clarified. So far none of the studies reported support the hypothesis that childhood abuse is either sufficient or necessary to develop a psychotic disorder. It seems likely that any effect of childhood abuse on schizophrenia needs to be understood in terms of genetic susceptibility and interaction with other environmental risk factors.

Effect of A One-Week Balanced Diet on Expression of Genes Related to Zinc Metabolism and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

( Lucia Leite Lais ),( Sancha Helena De Lima Vale ),( Camila Alves Xavier ),( Alfredo De Araujo Silva ),( Tolunay Beker Aydemir ),( Robert J Cousins ) 한국임상영양학회 2016 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.5 No.1

To evaluate the effect of diet on metabolic control and zinc metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One-week balanced diet was provided to 10 Brazilians patients with T2DM. Nutritional assessment, laboratorial parameters and expression of zinc transporter and inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were performed. Healthy non-diabetic subjects of the same demographic were recruited to provide baseline data. Diabetic patients had higher body mass index and greater fasting plasma glucose, plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and plasma interleukin 6 (IL6) levels compared with healthy subjects. In addition, the expression of transporters 4 (ZnT4) mRNA was lower and IL6 mRNA was higher in PBMC of these diabetic patients than in healthy subject. One week after a balanced diet was provided, fasting plasma glucose decreased significantly as did TNFα, IL6 and Metallothionein 1 (MT1) mRNAs. No change was observed in zinc transporter expression in PBMC after the dietary intervention. A healthy eating pattern maintained for one week was able to improve metabolic control of diabetic patients by lowering fasting plasma glucose. This metabolic control may be related to down-regulation of zinc-related transcripts from PBMCs, as TNFα, IL6 and MT1 mRNA.

The Pharmacological Properties of Silymarin and Its Constituents

Lucia Dwi Antika,Rita Marleta Dewi 한국생약학회 2021 Natural Product Sciences Vol.27 No.2

Silymarin is a standardized extract obtained from the seeds and fruits of Silybum marianum L., or commonly called milk thistle, a member of Carduus marianum family that contains mix of flavonolignans. Some epidemiological and preclinical studies revealed that S. marianum L. has been used for herbal remedies for centuries for its pharmacological activity. In this review, pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo of silymarin are discussed thoroughly stressing on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-carcinogenic aspects of silymarin. In addition, the protective influences of silymarin on some organs such as heart, liver, bone, and neuron tissue are reviewed as well. This review would be useful for further study regarding the potential of natural plant, notably silymarin, and its therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Predictive factors of surgical complications after pelvic exenteration for gynecological malignancies: a large single-institution experience

Lucia Tortorella,Cintoni Marco,Matteo Loverro,Conte Carmine,Nicolò Bizzarri,Costantini Barbara,Santullo Francesco,Nazario Foschi,Valerio Gallotta,Giacomo Avesani 대한부인종양학회 2024 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.35 No.1

Objective: To evaluate pre-operative predictors of early (<30 days) severe complications (gradeDindo 3+) in patients with gynecological malignancy submitted to pelvic exenteration (PE). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 129 patients submitted to surger y at FondazionePoliclinico Gemelli between 2010 and 2019. We included patients affected by primar yor recurrent/persistent cer vical, endometrial, or vulvar/vaginal cancers. Post-operativecomplications were graded according to the Dindo classification. Logistic regression wasused to analyze potential predictors of complications. Results: We performed 63 anterior PE, 10 posterior PE, and 56 total PE. The incidence ofearly severe post-operative complications was 27.9% (n=36), and the early mortality rate was2.3% (n=3). More frequent complications were related to the urinar y diversion and intestinalsurger y. In univariable analysis, hemoglobin ≤10 g/dL (odds ratio [OR]=4.2; 95% confidenceinter val [CI]=1.65–10.7; p=0.003), low albumin levels (OR=3.9; 95% CI=1.27–12.11; p=0.025),diabetes (OR=4.15; 95% CI=1.22–14.1; p=0.022), 2+ comorbidities at presentation (OR=5.18;95% CI=1.49–17.93; p=0.012) were predictors of early severe complications. In multivariableanalysis, only low hemoglobin and comorbidities at presentation were independent predictors of complications. Conclusion: Pelvic exenteration is an aggressive surger y characterized by a high rate of post-operative complications. Pre-operative assessment of comorbidities and patient health statusare crucial to better select the right candidate for this type of surgery.

Author's reply to: What is the prognostic importance of lymphovascular space invasion in the absence of lymph node metastasis for early-stage endometrial cancer?

Lucia Tortorella,Giovanni Scambia,Francesco Fanfani 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.5

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