Triffin Dilemma and International Monetary System : Evidence from Pooled Mean-Group Estimation

Long Fei Guan,Wee Yeap Lau 한국유통과학회 2017 한국유통과학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

This study utilizes the panel data set of four major international currencies, USD, JPY, EUR and GBP from 1973 to 2013 with Pooled Mean-Group (PMG) estimator, to re-examine whether Triffin dilemma still exists through investigating the relationship between the reserve share, current account balance and real effective exchange rate. The evidence from the result indicates that Triffin dilemma exists only in the long run, and shows that in the long-run, current account balance is proportionate to the increased real effective exchange rate while varies inversely with the reserve shares. However, the estimation for the short-run is not significant to prove the existence of Triffin dilemma. In addition, we investigated the non-dollar panel sample and found that the international monetary system still suffers from Triffin dilemma even without the dollar. To overcome Triffin dilemma, three steps are suggested to be taken and in the longer time, a supranational currency is used to replace all the currencies in the world.

Triffin Dilemma and International Monetary System : Evidence from Pooled Mean Group Estimation

Long-Fei Guan,Wee-Yeap Lau 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.5 No.2

This study is motivated based on concern from some renowned scholars and central bankers whom have raised the issue of the sustainability of the International Monetary System (IMS). Using the panel data set of four major international currencies, USD, JPY, EUR and GBP from 1973 to 2013 with Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator, to re-examine whether Triffin dilemma still exists through investigating the relationship between the reserve share, current account balance and real effective exchange rate. The evidence from the result indicates that Triffin dilemma exists only in the long run, and shows that in the long-run, current account balance is proportionate to the increased real effective exchange rate while varies inversely with the reserve shares. However, the estimation for the short-run is not significant to prove the existence of Triffin dilemma. In addition, we investigated the non-dollar panel sample and found that the international monetary system still suffers from Triffin dilemma even without the dollar. To overcome Triffin dilemma, immediate step such as having currency swap mechanism is recommended. In medium term, a multi-polar Monetary System is suggested, and in the longer time, a supranational currency will be used to replace all the currencies in the world.

Conformational change of erythroid α-spectrin at the tetramerization site upon binding β-spectrin

Long, Fei,McElheny, Dan,Jiang, Shaokai,Park, Sunghyouk,Caffrey, Michael S.,Fung, Leslie W.-M. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 2007 Protein science Vol. No.

<P>We previously determined the solution structures of the first 156 residues of human erythroid alpha-spectrin (SpalphaI-1-156, or simply Spalpha). Spalpha consists of the tetramerization site of alpha-spectrin and associates with a model beta-spectrin protein (Spbeta) with an affinity similar to that of native alpha- and beta-spectrin. Upon alphabeta-complex formation, our previous results indicate that there is an increase in helicity in the complex, suggesting conformational change in either Spalpha or Spbeta or in both. We have now used isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism, static and dynamic light scattering, and solution NMR methods to investigate properties of the complex as well as the conformation of Spalpha in the complex. The results reveal a highly asymmetric complex, with a Perrin shape parameter of 1.23, which could correspond to a prolate ellipsoid with a major axis of about five and a minor axis of about one. We identified 12 residues, five prior to and seven following the partial domain helix in Spalpha that moved freely relative to the structural domain in the absence of Spbeta but when in the complex moved with a mobility similar to that of the structural domain. Thus, it appears that the association with Spbeta induced an unstructured-to-helical conformational transition in these residues to produce a rigid and asymmetric complex. Our findings may provide insight toward understanding different association affinities of alphabeta-spectrin at the tetramerization site for erythroid and non-erythroid spectrin and a possible mechanism to understand some of the clinical mutations, such as L49F of alpha-spectrin, which occur outside the functional partial domain region.</P>

Effect of Re and Withdrawal Rate on the Solidification Behavior of Single Crystal Superalloy AM3 (초)

( Long Fei ),( T. Jin ),( Y. S. Yoo ),( S. M. Seo ),( M. G. Lee ),( C. Y. Jo ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2007 대한금속재료학회 학술대회 개요집 Vol.2007 No.1

A New Joint Packet Scheduling/Admission Control Framework for Multi-Service Wireless Networks

Long Fei,Feng Gang,Tang Junhua The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2005 Journal of communications and networks Vol.7 No.4

Quality of service (QoS) provision is an important and indispensable function for multi-service wireless networks. In this paper, we present a new scheduling/admission control frame­work, including an efficient rate-guaranteed opportunistic scheduling (ROS) scheme and a coordinated admission control (ROS­CAC) policy to support statistic QoS guarantee in multi-service wireless networks. Based on our proposed mathematical model, we derive the probability distribution function (PDF) of queue length under ROS and deduce the packet loss rate (PLR) for individual flows. The new admission control policy makes admission decision for a new incoming flow to ensure that the PLR requirements of all flows (including the new flow) are satisfied. The numerical results based on ns-2 simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the new joint packet scheduling/admission control framework.

Effects of the NQO1 609C>T Polymorphism on Leukemia Susceptibility: Evidence from a Meta-analysis

Han, Fei-Fei,Guo, Chang-Long,Gong, Li-Li,Jin, Zhu,Liu, Li-Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9

A functional polymorphism in the NQO1 gene, featuring a 609C>T substitution,leading to proline to serine amino-acid and enzyme activity changes, has been implicated in cancer risk. However, individually published investigations showed inconclusive results, especially for leukemia. In this study, we therefore performed a meta-analysis of 21 publications with a total of 3,634 cases and 4,827controls, mainly for leukemia. We summarized the data on the association between the NQO1 609C>T polymorphism and risk of leukemia and performed subgroup analyses by ethnicity and leukemia type. We found that the variant TT homozygous genotype o was associated with a modestly increased risk of leukemia (TT versus CT/CC: OR=1.23, 95%CI=1.00-1.51, heterogeneity=0.76; $I^2$=0%). Following further stratified analyses, increased risk was only observed in subgroups of Caucasians. This meta-analysis suggests that the NQO1 609T allele is a high-penetrance risk factor for leukemia in Caucasians. The effect on leukemia may be modified by ethnicity and leukemia type, and the small sample sizes of the subgroup analyses suggest that further larger studies are needed.

佛教的禮樂化與禮樂化的佛教

?菲(Fei Long) 한국음악문화학회 2011 한국음악문화연구 Vol.2 No.-

A Qualitative Case Study on the Academic Experience of Overseas Chinese College Students under Academic Probation in Korea

Zhao, Long-fei(조용비),Chang, Seok-jin(장석진) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.20

본 연구는 학사경고를 받은 재한 중국인 유학생들의 대학생활 경험을 심층적으로 탐색함으로써 중국유학생들의 대학생활 적응과 관련된 요인을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 A대학교에 재학 중인 중국유학생 8명을 대상으로 2017년3월 중순부터 2017년6월 중순까지 심층면담 후, 녹음 자료를 전사하고 그 내용에 대한 질적 사례분석을 실시한 결과, 중국인 유학생들이 대학생활 동안 경험하게 되는 핵심적인 어려움을 문화 및 환경의 변화, 언어적 장벽, 심리적 어려움, 새로운 대인관계이라는 네 가지 주제로 범주화할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 중국인 유학생들이 한국의 대학생활 동안 어떤 경험을 하게 되는지 그들의 목소리를 통해 보여주었으며, 이러한 연구결과가 재한 중국인 유학생들이 대학생활에 효과적으로 적응하도록 돕는 교육 및 상담적 접근에 시사하는 바를 논의하였다. The study aims to explore the underlying experience of Chinese college students receiving academic probation in Korea. To this end, the paper conducted a qualitative case study on eight overseas Chinese students being placed on academic probation at A University in Seoul from mid-March, 2017 to mid-June 2017, with the method of in-depth interviews on their academic experience. The results of the analysis are clarified into four major themes: cultural and environmental changes, language barriers, psychological difficulties, and new interpersonal relationships. The research provides a reliable frame for understanding the differences between Chinese and Korean education, as well as the fundamentals for overseas students adaptation to a foreign culture and academic life. Besides, it provides a basic reference for developing relevant countermeasures and programs to help future overseas college students in their adaptation in Korea.

Identification of novel rheumatoid arthritis-associated MiRNA-204-5p from plasma exosomes

Wu Long-Fei,Zhang Qin,Mo Xing-Bo,Lin Jun,Wu Yang-Lin,Lu Xin,He Pei,Wu Jian,Guo Yu-Fan,Wang Ming-Jun,Ren Wen-Yan,Deng Hong-Wen,Lei Shu-Feng,Deng Fei-Yan 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of immune cells in the synovium. However, the crosstalk of immune cells and synovial fibroblasts is still largely unknown. Here, global miRNA screening in plasma exosomes was carried out with a custom microarray (RA patients vs. healthy controls = 9:9). A total of 14 exosomal miRNAs were abnormally expressed in the RA patients. Then, downregulated expression of exosomal miR-204-5p was confirmed in both the replication (RA patients vs. healthy controls = 30:30) and validation groups (RA patients vs. healthy controls = 56:60). Similar to the findings obtained in humans, a decreased abundance of exosomal miR-204-5p was observed in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that plasma exosomal miR-204-5p expression was inversely correlated with disease parameters of RA patients, such as rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. In vitro, our data showed that human T lymphocytes released exosomes containing large amounts of miR-204-5p, which can be transferred into synovial fibroblasts, inhibiting cell proliferation. Overexpression of miR-204-5p in synovial fibroblasts suppressed synovial fibroblast activation by targeting genes related to cell proliferation and invasion. In vivo assays found that administration of lentiviruses expressing miR-204-5p markedly alleviated the disease progression of the mice with CIA. Collectively, this study identified a novel RA-associated plasma exosomal miRNA-204-5p that mediates the communication between immune cells and synovial fibroblasts and can be used as a potential biomarker for RA diagnosis and treatment.

Development of triangular flat-shell element using a new thin-thick plate bending element based on semiLoof constrains

Chen, Yong-Liang,Cen, Song,Yao, Zhen-Han,Long, Yu-Qiu,Long, Zhi-Fei Techno-Press 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.15 No.1

A new simple 3-node triangular flat-shell element with standard nodal DOF (6 DOF per node) is proposed for the linear and geometrically nonlinear analysis of very thin to thick plate and shell structures. The formulation of element GT9 (Long and Xu 1994), a generalized conforming membrane element with rigid rotational freedoms, is employed as the membrane component of the new shell element. Both one-point reduced integration scheme and a corresponding stabilization matrix are adopted for avoiding membrane locking and hourglass phenomenon. The bending component of the new element comes from a new generalized conforming Kirchhoff-Mindlin plate element TSL-T9, which is derived in this paper based on semiLoof constrains and rational shear interpolation. Thus the convergence can be guaranteed and no shear locking will happen. Furthermore, a simple hybrid procedure is suggested to improve the stress solutions, and the Updated Lagrangian formulae are also established for the geometrically nonlinear problems. Numerical results with solutions, which are solved by some other recent element models and the models in the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, are presented. They show that the proposed element, denoted as GMST18, exhibits excellent and better performance for the analysis of thin-think plates and shells in both linear and geometrically nonlinear problems.