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What is Evidence-based Dentistry?
Park, Livingstone Sang Korean Academy of Dental Science 2010 Journal of korean dental science Vol.3 No.2
In our daily practice, we think about the diagnosis of our patient and get into a situation wherein we have to make a clinical decision. Diagnosis and treatment come from the knowledge and experiences that each dentist should have, but sometimes, we can have doubts on our decisions. "On what evidence did I make such decision? Was that really right?" Drawing our attention these days as a possible answer to this question, evidence-based dentistry seeks to apply the best available evidence gained from the scientific method to medical decision making. To make a good decision, the strength of evidence is assessed. Specifically, randomized controlled trial, systematic review, and meta-analysis are considered the highest level of evidence; cohort study, case control study, case series, animal study, bench test, and biological plausibility follow. With the approach of evidence-based dentistry, we can make objective, scientifically sound clinical decisions. It is also patient-oriented, incorporating clinical experiences and stressing good judgments; thorough and comprehensive, it uses transparent methodology. That is the reason evidence-based dentistry can be better than other assessment methods when we make a clinical decision in modern dentistry.
Imogen Livingstone,Lily Pollock,Bruno Sgromo,Sotiris Mastoridis 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.6
Esophageal wall defects, including perforations and postoperative leaks, are associated with high morbidity and mortality and posea significant management challenge. In light of the high morbidity of surgical management or revision, in recent years, endoscopicvacuum therapy (EVT) has emerged as a novel alternative treatment strategy. EVT involves transoral endoscopic placement of apolyurethane sponge connected to an externalized nasogastric tube to provide continuous negative pressure with the intention ofpromoting defect healing, facilitating cavity drainage, and ameliorating sepsis. In the last decade, EVT has become increasinglyadopted in the management of a diverse spectrum of esophageal defects. Its popularity has been attributed in part to the growingbody of evidence suggesting superior outcomes and defect closure rates in excess of 80%. This growing body of evidence, coupledwith the ongoing evolution of the technology and techniques of deployment, suggests that the utilization of EVT has becomeincreasingly widespread. Here, we aimed to review the current status of the field, addressing the mechanism of action, indications,technique methodology, efficacy, safety, and practical considerations of EVT implementation. We also sought to highlight futuredirections for the use of EVT in esophageal wall defects.
Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformations: A systematic review
Patricia Zhao,Georgios A. Maragkos,Kevin S. Livingstone,Kathryn N. Kearns,Min S. Park 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2023 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.25 No.4
To systematically review the reported outcomes and complications of different treatment options for choroid plexus arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), specifically focusing on surgical resection and endovascular embolization.A systematic literature review was performed using a PubMed query for studies published between January 1975 and July 2021. All studies describing the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of confirmed choroid plexus AVM cases were included.A total of 20 studies were included in the final analysis. Of these, 18 were singlepatient case reports, one article contained two patients, and a single study was a cohort of 24 patients. Patient age ranged from one day to 61 years, with a mean of 31.8±20.4 years. Most choroid plexus AVMs were located in the lateral ventricles (14 patients, 70.0%), while there were four (20.0%) located in the third ventricle, and two in the fourth ventricle (10.0%). Almost all patients were treated with surgical resection (18 patients, 90%). In 14 patients (77.8%), complete resection of the AVM was achieved. A residual AVM was reported in one case (5.6%). Most patients were reported to have improved from their presentation status over time (14 patients, 70.0%). Presence or absence of long-term sequelae (e.g., neurologic deficits) were reported for 14 patients (70%). Eleven of these patients (78.6%) were reported to have no neurological sequelae.While data on choroid plexus AVMs remains limited, the available evidence suggests gross total resection of lesions in this location can be safely achieved with subsequent reduction in preoperative symptoms.
Trong Thanh NGUYEN,Hadi GHADERI,Livingstone Divine CAESAR,Stephen CAHOON 한국해운물류학회 2014 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.30 No.2
The shortage of seafarers (especially ship officers) has already been identified as a global issue that is more likely to worsen in the immediate future. Thus, increasing attention needs to be given to the problems that hinder the effective recruitment and retention of seafarers in order to stabilize the flow of skilled labor to the global shipping industry. The aim of this paper is to discuss the seafarer shortage issue from the perspective of Vietnam which is one of the key emerging sources of crew supply in Asia. Specifically, a case study research involving the Vietnam Ocean Shipping Joint Stock Company (VOSCO) is used to highlight the challenges confronting the current recruitment and retention of seafarers in Vietnam. With regards to recruitment, it was found that the low quality of graduates and trained seafarers, as well as the lack of competent onshore crew executives are pertinent issues that need to be addressed by shipping industry employers in Vietnam. In terms of retention, poor working and living conditions on-board ships is a key factor that must be given attention to improve retention among seafarers. This study recommends the development of effective human resource strategies for companies such as VOSCO and other shipping industry employers of Vietnamese seafarers in order to improve their recruitment and retention rates.
Chemical Control of Leaf Spot of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) in Sultanate of Oman
Livingston, Sam,Mufargi, Khamis-Al,Sunkeli, Mehmood-Al The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.3
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is an important fruit and cash crop in Sultanate of Oman, occupying nearly 60% of the total cultivated area. However, leaf spots caused by Mycosphaerella tassiana, Alternaria spp., and Dreshcleri sp. have become a threat to date palm's cultivation in recent years. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to find out a suitable chemical spray program to control the disease. A prophylactic spray schedule with mancozeb (Dithane M45), copper oxychloride (Champion), and mancozeb+copper (Trimiltox) effectively controlled the disease when applied at a time when the disease severity index (DSI) was low, ranging from 0 to 1.68. Meanwhile, the disease did not decrease, but instead increased gradually, when the fungicide combination was applied when DSI was high, ranging from 1.78 to 5.37. It was concluded that fungicides should be applied at the early stage or before disease initiation in order to control the disease effectively.