APPLICATION OF ROTHE'S METHOD TO A NONLINEAR WAVE EQUATION ON GRAPHS

Lin, Yong,Xie, Yuanyuan Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회보 Vol.59 No.3

We study a nonlinear wave equation on finite connected weighted graphs. Using Rothe's and energy methods, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution under certain assumption. For linear wave equation on graphs, Lin and Xie [10] obtained the existence and uniqueness of solution. The main novelty of this paper is that the wave equation we considered has the nonlinear damping term |u_t|^p-1·u_t (p > 1).

Comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognosis for TFAP2 in human lung carcinoma

Caiqi Cheng,Zhisen Ai,Linyong Zhao 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.7

Background The TFAP2 family of transcription factors, regulating gene expression related to vertebrate evolution, have been studied extensively in human cancer. However, the distinct roles of each TFAP2 in the expression and prognostic significance of lung carcinoma have not been elucidated yet. Objective This study is aimed to identify the mRNA expression and prognostic value of TFAP2 family in human lung cancer. Methods The transcriptional and survival data of TFAP2s in patients with lung cancer were obtained via ONCOMINE, LinkedOmics, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Kaplan–Meier Plotter and Human Protein Atlas databases. Results The results showed that expression levels of TFAP2A and TFAP2C were higher in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tissues than in normal lung tissues, whereas no difference was found in the TFAP2B expression level. TFAP2A was related to an unfavorable overall survival in lung cancer and its upregulation was significantly related to the overall survival in patients with smoking, non-chemotherapy and non-radiotherapy. Conclusion This study implied that TFAP2A was a reliable prognostic factor, which could be a potential marker for improving survival and prognostic accuracy of lung cancer patients.

Characterization of the bacterial microbiota across the different intestinal segments of the Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Wang Xungang,Hu Linyong,Liu Hongjin,Xu Tianwei,Zhao Na,Zhang Xiaoling,Geng Yuanyue,Kang Shengping,Xu Shixiao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.12

Objective: The intestinal microbiota enhances nutrient absorption in the host and thus promotes heath. Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep is an important livestock raised in the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau; however, little is known about the bacterial microbiota of its intestinal tract. The aim of this study was to detect the microbial characterization in the intestinal tract of the Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Methods: The bacterial profiles of the six different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep were studied using 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing. Results: A total of 2,623,323 effective sequences were obtained, and 441 OTUs shared all six intestinal segments. The bacterial diversity was significantly different among the different intestinal segments, and the large intestine exhibited higher bacterial diversity than the small intestine. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Patescibacteria were the dominant phyla in these bacterial communities. Additionally, at the genus level, Prevotella_1, Candidatus_ Saccharimonas, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 were the most predominant genus in duodenal segment, jejunal and ileal segments, and cecal, colonic, and rectal segments, respectively. We predicted that the microbial functions and the relative abundance of the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented in the intestinal segments of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Conclusion: The bacterial communities and functions differed among different intestinal segments. Our study is the first to provide insights into the composition and biological functions of the intestinal microbiota of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Our results also provide useful information for the nutritional regulation and production development in Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Objective: The intestinal microbiota enhances nutrient absorption in the host and thus promotes heath. Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep is an important livestock raised in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; however, little is known about the bacterial microbiota of its intestinal tract. The aim of this study was to detect the microbial characterization in the intestinal tract of the Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep.Methods: The bacterial profiles of the six different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep were studied using 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing.Results: A total of 2,623,323 effective sequences were obtained, and 441 OTUs shared all six intestinal segments. The bacterial diversity was significantly different among the different intestinal segments, and the large intestine exhibited higher bacterial diversity than the small intestine. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Patescibacteria were the dominant phyla in these bacterial communities. Additionally, at the genus level, Prevotella_1, Candidatus_ Saccharimonas, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 were the most predominant genus in duodenal segment, jejunal and ileal segments, and cecal, colonic, and rectal segments, respectively. We predicted that the microbial functions and the relative abundance of the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented in the intestinal segments of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep.Conclusion: The bacterial communities and functions differed among different intestinal segments. Our study is the first to provide insights into the composition and biological functions of the intestinal microbiota of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Our results also provide useful information for the nutritional regulation and production development in Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep.

The Biotypes, Wing-forms and the Immigration of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, in Zhejiang Province, China

Yu, Xiaoping,Lu, Zhongxian,Wu, Guorui,Tao, Linyong,Chen, Jianming,Zheng, Xusong,Xu, Hongxing Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2001 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.4 No.2

The virulence change (biotype), wing form development and immigration of brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stal, population in Zhejiang province was studied as compared to these BPH populations collected from Guangxi and Yunnan province, China and Philippines. The results indicate that the Zhejiang population could successfully infest variety IR26 and Mudgo after 1989, and ASD7 and IR36 after 1998, showing the characters of BPH biotype 2 and biotypes 3. The BPH tropical populations such as Guangxi population, however, adapted the resistant varieties IR26, Mudgo and ASD7 earlier. In 1997, the nymphal survival indices of Guangxi and Yunnan populations on Rathu Heenati (Bph3) were up to 70.9 and 66.7 respectively, higher than Zhejiang population. The Zhejiang populations show low brachupterous rates and have a negative correlation with nymphal density, belonging to the temperate type. The Philippine populations are almost brachypterous, however, the brachypterous rates of BPH males raise with the increase of nymphal density. The Guangxi population has a high brachypterous rate, being similar to the tropical type. On the other hand, tests showed that the lowest survival rate, longer duration of nymphs and the lightest weight of brachypterous female occurred in the $2^{nd}$ generation of BPH after continuously feeding on resistant variety. Physiologically, the highest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected in the second generation of the BPH feeding on resistant rice variety.

HAWAIIAN SKIRT regulates the quiescent center‐independent meristem activity in <i>Arabidopsis</i> roots

Kim, Eun‐,Sol,Choe, Goh,Sebastian, Jose,Ryu, Kook Hui,Mao, Linyong,Fei, Zhangjun,Lee, Ji‐,Young Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2016 Physiologia plantarum Vol.157 No.2

<P>Root apical meristem (RAM) drives post‐embryonic root growth by constantly supplying cells through mitosis. It is composed of stem cells and their derivatives, the transit‐amplifying (TA) cells. Stem cell organization and its maintenance in the RAM are well characterized, however, their relationships with TA cells remain unclear. <I>SHORTROOT</I> (<I>SHR</I>) is critical for root development. It patterns cell types and promotes the post‐embryonic root growth. Defective root growth in the <I>shr</I> has been ascribed to the lack of quiescent center (QC), which maintains the surrounding stem cells. However, our recent investigation indicated that SHR maintains TA cells independently of QC by modulating <I>PHABULOSA</I> (<I>PHB</I>) through <I>miRNA165/6</I>. PHB controls TA cell activity by modulating cytokinin levels and type B Arabidopsis Response Regulator activity, in a dosage‐dependent manner. To further understand TA cell regulation, we conducted a <I>shr</I> suppressor screen. With an extensive mutagenesis screen followed by genome sequencing of a pooled F<SUB>2</SUB> population, we discovered two suppressor alleles with mutations in <I>HAWAIIAN SKIRT</I> (<I>HWS</I>). <I>HWS</I>, encoding an F‐box protein with kelch domain, is expressed, partly depending on <I>SHR</I>, in the root cap and in the pericycle of the differentiation zone. Interestingly, root growth in the <I>shr hws</I> was more active than the wild‐type roots for the first 7 days after germination, without recovering QC. Contrary to <I>shr phb</I>, <I>shr hws</I> did not show a recovery of cytokinin signaling. These indicate that <I>HWS</I> affects QC‐independent TA cell activities through a pathway distinctive from <I>PHB</I>.</P>

Chemical Compositions and Volatile Compounds of Tricholoma matsutake from Different Geographical Areas at Different Stages of Maturity

Qiang Li,Li Zhang,Wanhua Li,Xiaolin Li,Wenli Huang,Hua Yang,Linyong Zheng 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

Tricholoma matsutake is a commercially important edible fungus. Volatile compounds, chemical compositions, and nutritional values of fruiting bodies at different stages of maturity from different geographical areas were analyzed. The main volatile compounds in T. matsutake fruiting bodies were (E)-2-octenal, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-octanone, methyl cinnamate, benzaldehyde, and 1- octen-3-ol. Kinds and levels of volatile compounds from different geographical areas varied. As the fruiting bodies aged, levels of methyl cinnamate and 1-octen-3-ol gradually declined. Potassium was the most abundant element in T. matsutake fruiting bodies. Of 17 amino acids detected in fruiting bodies, glutamate was the most abundant. Volatile compounds, chemical compositions, and nutritional values of T. matsutake varied with age and geographical origin and can serve as chemical indicators for classication of T. matsutake from different geographical areas and at different stages of maturity.

Phosphofructokinase 1 platelet isoform induces PD-L1 expression to promote glioblastoma immune evasion

Wang Silu,Park Su Hwan,임제선,Park Yun-Yong,Du Linyong,Lee Jong-Ho 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12

Background: Overexpression of PD-L1 is observed in many types of human cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM) and contributes to tumor immune evasion. In addition, GBM shows highly-activated aerobic glycolysis due to overexpression of phosphofructokinase 1 platelet isoform (PFKP), which the key enzyme in the glycolysis. However, it remains unclear whether the metabolic enzyme PFKP plays a role in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and GBM immune evasion. Objective: We aimed to investigate the non-metabolic role of PFKP in PD-L1 expression-induced GBM immune evasion. Methods: The mechanisms of PFKP-induced PD-L1 expression were studied by several experiments, including real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis, and ATP production. The coculture experiments using GBM cell and T cells were performed to evaluate the effect of PFKP on T cell activation. The clinical relationship between PFKP and PD-L1 was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and in human GBM specimens. Results: We showed that PFKP promotes EGFR activation-induced PD-L1 expression in human GBM cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that EGFR-phosphorylated PFKP Y64 plays an important role in AKT-mediated β-catenin transactivation and subsequent PD-L1 transcriptional expression, thereby enhancing the GBM immune evasion. In addition, based on our findings, the levels of PFKP Y64 phosphorylation are positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in human GBM specimens, highlighting the clinical significance of PFKP Y64 phosphorylation in the GBM immune evasion. Conclusion: These findings provide new mechanistic insight into the regulation of PD-L1 expression by a non-metabolic function of PFKP on tumor cells.

The Expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Family in Breast Cancer

Yan Qiu,Tianjie Pu,Li Li,Fei Cheng,Changli Lu,Linyong Sun,Xiao Teng,Feng Ye,Hong Bu 한국유방암학회 2014 Journal of breast cancer Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: It is widely accepted that aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) activity is a signature of breast cancer stem cells, andhigh activity has been reported to be associated with poor clinicaloutcome. The aim of this study was to assess the expressionof members of the ALDH family of isozymes in breast cancer tissuesand to evaluate the implications of the results. Methods: Weanalyzed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 160 patients withbreast cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performedon the slides using antibodies against different ALDHfamily members. We collated the IHC results with patient clinicalcharacteristics and determined their prognostic value. In addition,we analyzed normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous tissues insitu to check their ALDH distributions. Results: All the testedALDH members were detected in the various tissue types, but atdifferent levels. Only ALDH 1A3 was found to be significantly associatedwith distant metastasis (p=0.001), disease-free survival(p<0.001), and overall survival (p<0.001). Conclusion: The levelof ALDH 1A3 in breast cancer tissue is a predictive marker of apoor clinical outcome.

The Presence of EpCAM-/CD49f+ Cells in Breast Cancer Is Associated with a Poor Clinical Outcome

Feng Ye,Yan Qiu,Li Li,Libo Yang,Fei Cheng,Hongying Zhang,Bing Wei,Zhang Zhang,Linyong Sun,Hong Bu 한국유방암학회 2015 Journal of breast cancer Vol.18 No.3

Purpose: It is well established that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play an essential role in tumor invasion for both local and distant metastasis. The aim of this study was to establish whether BCSCs could act as a prognostic and clinical marker. Methods: We analyzed tumor tissues from 161 breast cancer patients. Dual immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed on all the slides, and we analyzed the relationship between EpCAM–/CD49f+ tumor cells and key clinical and prognostic factors. Results: Univariate survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that the presence of EpCAM–/ CD49f+ tumor cells in breast cancer was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of EpCAM–/ CD49f+ cells was associated with shorter DFS (p=0.010; hazard ratio [HR], 2.070) and OS (p=0.002; HR, 3.235). Tumors containing EpCAM–/CD49f+ cells were also more likely to metastasize after initial surgery (p=0.048). Conclusion: Our study suggests that breast tumors containing EpCAM–/CD49f+ cells are more likely to undergo distant metastasis after initial surgery and are associated with a shorter DFS and OS.