Nordic research and development cooperation to strengthen nuclear reactor safety after the Fukushima accident

Christian Linde,Kasper G. Andersson,Sigurður M. Magnússon,Finn Physant 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.3

A comprehensive study of photon interaction features has been made for some alloys containing Pd andAg content to evaluate its possible use as alternative gamma radiations shielding material. The massattenuation coefficient (m/r) of the present alloys was measured at various photon energies between 81keV e 1333 keV utilizing HPGe detector. The measured m/r values were compared to those of theoreticaland computational (MCNPX code) results. The results exhibited that the m/r values of the studied alloysare in same line with results of WinXCOM software and MCNPX code results at all energies. Moreover,Pd75/Ag25 alloy sample has the maximum radiation protection efficiency (about 53% at 81 keV) andlowest half value layer, which shows that Pd75/Ag25 has superior gamma radiation shielding performanceamong the compared other alloys.

[1st Prize] USA

Jason Linde,Michael Joy 현대건축사 2005 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.70

Skeletal Fragility in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Jakob Starup-Linde,Katrine Hygum,Bente Lomholt Langdahl 대한내분비학회 2018 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.33 No.3

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of fracture, which has been reported in several epidemiological studies. However, bone mineral density in T2D is increased and underestimates the fracture risk. Common risk factors for fracture do notfully explain the increased fracture risk observed in patients with T2D. We propose that the pathogenesis of increased fracture risk inT2D is due to low bone turnover caused by osteocyte dysfunction resulting in bone microcracks and fractures. Increased levels ofsclerostin may mediate the low bone turnover and may be a novel marker of increased fracture risk, although further research isneeded. An impaired incretin response in T2D may also affect bone turnover. Accumulation of advanced glycosylation endproductsmay also impair bone strength. Concerning antidiabetic medication, the glitazones are detrimental to bone health and associated withincreased fracture risk, and the sulphonylureas may increase fracture risk by causing hypoglycemia. So far, the results on the effectof other antidiabetics are ambiguous. No specific guideline for the management of bone disease in T2D is available and current evidenceon the effects of antiosteoporotic medication in T2D is sparse. The aim of this review is to collate current evidence of thepathogenesis, detection and treatment of diabetic bone disease.

Multicolor photoswitching microscopy for subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging

Van De Linde, Sebastian,Endesfelder, Ulrike,Mukherjee, Anindita,Schuttpelz, Mark,Wiebusch, Gerd,Wolter, Steve,Heilemann, Mike,Sauer, Markus Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.4

We introduce a general approach for multicolor subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging based on photoswitching of standard organic fluorophores. Photoswitching of ordinary fluorophores such as ATTO520, ATTO565, ATTO655, ATTO680, or ATTO700, i.e. the reversible transition from a fluorescent to a nonfluorescent state in aqueous buffers exploits the formation of long-lived triplet radical anions through reaction with reducing agents such as $\beta$-mercaptoethylamine and repopulation of the singlet ground state by interaction with molecular oxygen. Thus, the time the different fluorophores reside in the fluorescent state can be easily adjusted by the excitation intensity and the concentration of the reducing agent. We demonstrate the potential of multicolor photoswitching microscopy with subdiffraction-resolution on cytoskeletal networks and molecular quantification of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane with ~20 nm optical resolution.

Mechanical Properties of the Articular Cartilage-Bone Complex

Anh,Eun-Hwan,Kabel, Jesper,Linde, Frank,Dalstra, Michel 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1995 건국의과학학술지 Vol.5 No.-

관절 연골 및 그에 인접한 지주뼈의 생역학적 특성을 동시에 측정할 수 있는 실험방법이 Rohl등에 의해 개발되었고, 그 방법의 reproducibility가 입증되었다. 본 연구에서는 시체 경골 근위부로부터 채취한 관절연골 및 인접한 지주뼈의 생역학적 특성을 위의 방법으로 동시에 측정하고, 이어서 subchondral bone plate에서 두 조직을 분리하여 일반적인 방법으로 측정하여 그 결과들을 비교 분석하여, 새로이 개발된 동시 측정 실험방법의 정확도(accuracy)를 알아 보고자 한다. 또한, 관절연골과 인접한 지주뼈의 생역학적 특성의 상관관계를 규명하려고 한다. 동시에 측정한 관절연골과 지주뼈의 Young's modulus가 분리되어 측정된 수치보다 통계적으로 의의있게 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 치밀한 골조직의 subchondral bone plate의 존재 및 그의 end-constraining effect로 설명할 수 있다. 두 가지 방법으로 측정된 두 조직의 Young's modulus 사이에는 각각 상관관계가 높게 나타났다(관절연골, r=0.823 ; 지주뼈, r=0.902). 또한, 탄성에너지 흡수 사이에서도 높은 상관관계가 나타났다(관절연골, r=0.930: 지주뼈,r =0.948). 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 관절연골 및 망상골의 생역학적 특성을 동시에 측정할 수 있는 실험 방법이 두 조직의 특성을 나타낸다고 할 수 있다. 점탄성 에너지 소실은 상관관계가 낮게 나타났다. 또한 같은 한 위치에서 채취된 관절연골과 지주뼈로부터 측정된 Young's modulus 사이에는 두 가지 측정 방법 모두 통계적으로 의의 있는 상관관계를 보였다. 이는 지주뼈뿐만 아니라 관절연골의 생역학적 특성도 국소적 환경 부하에 적응한다는 사실을 보여준다. A method allowing simultaneous determination of mechanical properties of articular cartilage and underlying trabecular bone by unconfined compression testing has been developed by Rohl et al. (1992). who also assessed the reproducibility of the method. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of this method by comparing the mechanical properties of both tissues obtained by simultaneous measurement of the combined specimen with the mechanical properties of the bone and the cartilage measured separately after section at the subchondral bone plate. Furthermore, the relationship of mechanical properties between cartilage and subchondral trabecular bone was studied. Cylindrical cartilage-bone specimens from human cadaver knees were tested under non-destructive axial compression. The test procedure was repeated using conventional methods for the bone and cartilage separately after section at the subchondral bone plate. The stiffness of both one and cartilage was significantly larger in combined specimen than that of each bone and cartilage in separated specimen. This difference can be explained by the end-constraining effect of the dense subchondral bone plate in testing of the combined specimen. There was a close correlation between the two stiffnesses (cartilage, r=0.823 ; bone, r=0.902) as well as that between the two elastic energy storages(cartilage, r=0.930 ; bone, r=0.948) obtained in the two tests. These results indicated that test by the technique used for the combined specimen reflects the mechanical properties of both types of tissue. Viscoelastic energy dissipation showed less correlation. The stiffnesses of bone and cartilage obtained from the same location showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.001) in both types of test. This correlation inicated that the mechanical properties of both cartilage and bone adapt to the local load.

Biaxial Compression Creep Test on Green-schist Considering the Effects of Water Content and Anisotropy

Liangxiao Xiong,Tianbin Li,Linde Yang 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.1

This study explores the effects of water content and anisotropy on the mechanical behavior of green-schist. The biaxial compression creep tests under dry and saturated conditions were first carried out. Then, the influences of geometric relationship between the loading orientation and the bedding plane, water content and volumetric content of marble interlayer were analyzed. The results indicate that both instantaneous and creep strains along two loading directions decrease with the increasing volumetric content of the marble interlayer. The influence of water content on the axial and the lateral instantaneous strains is different when the volumetric content of chlorite is different. For specimens of the same type at the same stress level, the axial strain with the both loading orientations parallel to the bedding plane is greater than that with the axial loading parallel to the bedding plane but the lateral loading perpendicular to the bedding plane.

Diabetes and bone

Katrine Hygum,Jakob Starup-Linde,Langdahl 대한골다공증학회 2019 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.5 No.2

Bone disease is a serious complication to diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) suffer from an increased risk of fracture, most notably at the hip, compared with patients without diabetes. Confounders such as patient sex, age, body mass index, blood glucose status, fall risk, and diabetes medications may influence the fracture risk. Different underlying mechanisms contribute to bone disease in patients with diabetes. Bone quality is affected by low bone turnover in T1D and T2D, and furthermore, incorporation of advanced glycation end-products, changes in the incretin hormone response, and microvascular complications contribute to impaired bone quality and increased fracture risk. Diagnosis of bone disease in patients with diabetes is a challenge as current methods for fracture prediction such as bone mineral density T-score and fracture risk assessment tools underestimate fracture risk for patients with T1D and T2D. This review focuses on bone disease and fracture risk in patients with diabetes regarding epidemiology, underlying disease mechanisms, and diagnostic methods, and we also provide considerations regarding the management of diabetes patients with bone disease in terms of an intervention threshold and different treatments.

Environmental Exposure of Sperm Sex-Chromosomes

Ibukun P. Oyeyipo,Michelle van der Linde,Stefan S. du Plessis 한국독성학회 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.4

Preconceptual sex selection is still a highly debatable process whereby X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa are isolated prior to fertilization of the oocyte. Although various separation techniques are available, none can guarantee 100% accuracy. The aim of this study was to separate X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa using methods based on the viability difference between the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. A total of 18 experimental semen samples were used, written consent was obtained from all donors and results were analysed in a blinded fashion. Spermatozoa were exposed to different pH values (5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5), increased temperatures (37℃, 41℃, and 45℃) and ROS level (50 μM, 750 μM, and 1,000 μM). The live and dead cell separation was done through a modified swim-up technique. Changes in the sex-chromosome ratio of samples were established by double-label fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) before and after processing. The results indicated successful enrichment of Xchromosome-bearing spermatozoa upon incubation in acidic media, increased temperatures, and elevated H₂O₂. This study demonstrated the potential role for exploring the physiological differences between Xand Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in the development of preconceptual gender selection.

Environmental Exposure of Sperm Sex-Chromosomes: A Gender Selection Technique

Oyeyipo, Ibukun P.,van der Linde, Michelle,du Plessis, Stefan S. Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.4

Preconceptual sex selection is still a highly debatable process whereby X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa are isolated prior to fertilization of the oocyte. Although various separation techniques are available, none can guarantee 100% accuracy. The aim of this study was to separate X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa using methods based on the viability difference between the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. A total of 18 experimental semen samples were used, written consent was obtained from all donors and results were analysed in a blinded fashion. Spermatozoa were exposed to different pH values (5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5), increased temperatures ($37^{\circ}C$, $41^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$) and ROS level ($50{\mu}M$, $750{\mu}M$, and $1,000{\mu}M$). The live and dead cell separation was done through a modified swim-up technique. Changes in the sex-chromosome ratio of samples were established by double-label fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) before and after processing. The results indicated successful enrichment of X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa upon incubation in acidic media, increased temperatures, and elevated $H_2O_2$. This study demonstrated the potential role for exploring the physiological differences between X-and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in the development of preconceptual gender selection.

Vitellogenin’s putative role in Tegillarca granosa’s cadmium detoxification

Caifang Chen,Weiliang Shen,Hailong Gu,Linde Wu,Zhihua Lin,Qinggang Xue 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.2

The bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa, is a commercial benthic bivalve, having a strong accumulation ability and torrelence to cadmium. To investigate whether vitellogenin (Vg) is involved in cadmium (Cd) detoxification, the full-length cDNA of T. granosa Vg was cloned, and its expression pattern in response to cadmium exposure was studied compared with the reference metallothionein (MT) gene. The full T. granosa Vg sequence consisted of 8988 bp, including a 6930-bp open reading frame that encoded a 2309 amino acid polypeptide. The deduced Vg protein contained a Vg N-terminal domain, domain of unknown function (DUF1943), SbcC domain, and von Willebrand factor typeD domain (VWD). Multiple metal-binding sites were predicted in the deduced T. granosaVg protein, suggesting its potential in functioning as a metal-binding protein. In addition, Vg expression increased in the T. granosa digestive gland and hemolymph in time-dependent manner after exposure to 1, 3, 6 and 9 lg/L Cd for 28 days.MTexpression was measured in parallel with Vg expression, and the latter was more sensitive to Cd induction than the former. Together, results of the present research suggested that Vg may play an important role in T. granosa metal detoxification.