ASTIBAN(Antimony Sodium Meso-2·3-Dimercaptosuccinate)에 依한 肝디스토마症 治驗成績

朴炳宰,金永麟,蘇鎭卓,李東奎 中央醫學社 1964 中央醫學 Vol.6 No.1

Experimental and clinical trials of Astiban(Antimony sodium meso-2, 3-dimerc2iptosuccinate) upon the infection of Clonorchis sinensis are summarized as follows; 1. Egg reduction was observed in two rabbits after the administration of the drug (100 mg for three or five days).The adult worm showed moderate atrophic changes on vitelline glands. 2. Six of thirty one cases converted to complete egg negative, resulting 19. 4% of cure rate. 3. During the treatment, side effects were observed more or less in all cases and they were myoarthralgia, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, abdominal pain, general weakness, and diziness, and ascites was experienced in one case. 4. Follow up studies to nine cases were carried on for three or six months, and found to show no reverse from the initial data.

Multi-RIS Aided 3D Secure Precise Wireless Transmission

Tong Shen,Wenlong Cai,Yan Lin,Shuo Zhang,Jinyong Lin,Feng Shu,Jiangzhou Wang 한국통신학회 2022 Journal of communications and networks Vol.24 No.5

In this paper, multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) aided secure precise wireless transmission (SPWT) schemes are proposed in the three-dimensional (3D) wire- less communication scenario. Unavailable direct path channels from transmitter to receivers are considered when the di- rect paths are obstructed by obstacles. Then, multiple RISs are utilized to achieve SPWT through the reflection path among transmitter, RISs and receivers in order to enhance the communication performance and energy efficiency simulta- neously. First, a maximum-signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (MSINR) scheme is proposed in a single user scenario. Then, the multi-user scenario is considered where the illegitimate users are regarded as eavesdroppers. A maximum-secrecy-rate (MSR) scheme and a maximum-signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (MSLNR) are proposed. The former achieves a better secrecy rate (SR) performance but incurs a higher complexity. The latter has a lower complexity than the MSR scheme with an SR performance loss. Simulation results show that both single- user scheme and multi-user scheme can achieve SPWT which transmits confidential message precisely to location of desired users. Moreover, MSLNR scheme has a lower complexity than the MSR scheme, while the SR performance is close to that of the MSR scheme.

The gene expression profile of Monochamus alternatus in response to deltamethrin exposure

Tong Lin,Huajun Wu,Linlin Luo 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4

To identify additional genes that are potentially associatedwith deltamethrin toxicology, differentially expressedgene (DGE) libraries of Monochamus alternatus after short-term exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of deltamethrinwere prepared. The transcripts were sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform. After cleaningand quality checks, the total numbers of clean reads were 7.066 and 7.139 million in the control anddeltamethrin-exposed libraries, respectively. We found that 4886 and 2083 unique genes were significantlyup- and down-regulated, respectively. The gene ontology enrichment analysis identified that 4032, 3379 and8323 DEGs were involved in cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes, respectively,and showed that the genes were distributed among more than 50 categories. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genesand Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the top 20 enriched pathways included the glutathionemetabolismpathway and the antigen processing and presentation pathway. Therewere 42 DEGs enriched inthe antigen processing and presentation pathway, including those encoding the 70-kDa heat shock protein, proteindisulfide isomerase and calreticulin, all ofwhichwere up-regulated. There were 61 DEGs enriched in the glutathionemetabolism pathway, and these included the up-regulated DEGs encoding glutamate–cysteine ligase,glutathione synthase and glutathione reductase and the down-regulated DEGs encoding glutathione Stransferase,glutathione peroxidase and ornithine decarboxylase. This study is the first step toward achievingan understanding of the profile of the secondary targets of deltamethrin in M. alternatus, and the results may provideinsights to further explore the functions of the target genes in detoxification and resistance to deltamethrin.

Transcriptome analysis of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) by high-throughput Illumina sequencing

Tong Lin,Ziling Cai,Huajun Wu 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.3

The Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest management concern in pine stands. Although there are currently 1012 expressed tag sequences (ESTs) for M. alternatus deposited in public databases, this number is not sufficient for understanding the molecular biology of this insect. Next-generation sequencing technologies are essential for determining the enormous transcript sequences that are necessary for gene discovery. In the present study, the M. alternatus transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. De novo assembling was conducted to generate a collection of 48,787 unigenes (average length 721 bp) that represent the first transcriptome of this species. The majority of the unigenes (78.1%) had top matches (first hit) with sequences from Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Approximately 57.12% and 42.35% of the unigenes had significant similarities with proteins in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein database (Nr) and Swiss-Prot database, respectively. A total of 9005 (18.46%) unigenes were assigned to Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and 13,484 (27.64%) unigenes were assigned to Gene Ontology (GO) categories. A total of 18,915 unigenes had significant matches in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database (KEGG) and were assigned to 258 pathways. The unigenes encoding specific genes related to insecticide detoxification and insecticide target enzymes. These results are an invaluable resource for future studies on M. alternatus, especially for studies focused on novel gene discovery and comparative genomics.

Mutational Analysis of Key EGFR Pathway Genes in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients

Tong, Lin,Yang, Xue-Xi,Liu, Min-Feng,Yao, Guang-Yu,Dong, Jian-Yu,Ye, Chang-Sheng,Li, Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment; however, its use does not lead to a marked clinical response. Studies of non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer showed that mutations of genes in the PIK3CA/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK pathways, two major signalling cascades downstream of EGFR, might predict resistance to EGFR-targeted agents. Therefore, we examined the frequencies of mutations in these key EGFR pathway genes in Chinese breast cancer patients. Methods: We used a high-throughput mass-spectrometric based cancer gene mutation profiling platform to detect 22 mutations of the PIK3CA, AKT1, BRAF, EGFR, HRAS, and KRAS genes in 120 Chinese women with breast cancer. Results: Thirteen mutations were detected in 12 (10%) of the samples, all of which were invasive ductal carcinomas (two stage I, six stage II, three stage III, and one stage IV). These included one mutation (0.83%) in the EGFR gene (rs121913445-rs121913432), three (2.50%) in the KRAS gene (rs121913530, rs112445441), and nine (7.50%) in the PIK3CA gene (rs121913273, rs104886003, and rs121913279). No mutations were found in the AKT1, BRAF, and HRAS genes. Six (27.27%) of the 22 genotyping assays called mutations in at least one sample and three (50%) of the six assays queried were found to be mutated more than once. Conclusions: Mutations in the EGFR pathway occurred in a small fraction of Chinese breast cancers. However, therapeutics targeting these potential predictive markers should be investigated in depth, especially in Oriental populations.

Changes in prostate-specific antigen kinetics during androgen-deprivation therapy as a predictor of response to abiraterone in chemonaïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Chung-Lin Lee,Ying-Hsu Chang,Chung-Yi Liu,Ming-Li Hsieh,Liang-Kang Huang,Yuan-Cheng Chu,Hung-Cheng Kan,Po-Hung Lin,Kai-Jie Yu,Cheng-Keng Chuang,Chun-Te Wu,See-Tong Pang,I-Hung Shao 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.5

Purpose: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has a poor prognosis. Abiraterone acetate (AA), enzalutamide, and chemotherapy are first-line treatments for patients with mCRPC. This study examined prognostic factors for AA response in the form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics throughout androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in chemonaïve patients with mCRPC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included data from 34 chemonaïve patients with mCRPC who had received AA at some point between January 2017 and December 2018. We separated patients into two study arms according to the decrease in PSA percentages after use of AA for 3 months. We correlated PSA kinetics parameters with response and compared the two study groups with respect to PSA kinetics. Results: The patients’ median age was 77 years. In the total group of patients, 64% had a response to AA, whereas 35% did not. The ratio of the PSA level at nadir to the level during ADT was significantly higher in the AA-sensitive group (19.78 vs. 1.03, p=0.019). Conclusions: Patients who experienced a dramatic change in PSA level during ADT were more likely to be resistant to AA after progression to mCRPC. Chemotherapy rather than AA might be more suitable as a first-line treatment for these patients.

Chinese Taipei Perspective on Key Educational Policies, Issues, and Cooperation in APEC regarding Regional Economic Integration

Wen Tong Lin APEC국제교육협력원 2012 국제교육협력연구지 Vol.5 No.1

본 논문에서는 현재 대만이 추진하고 있는 핵심 교육정책에 대해 다루고 있으며, 그 정책은 (1) 12년 의무교육, (2) 기술·직업 교육 개혁 방안, (3) 통합 유치원, 유아원 정책, (4) 대학 설립 및 폐교 기준 (5) 대학들의 국제적 명성 획득 전략 등으로 대표 된다. 이러한 교육 정책 실행 후 기대되는 효과로는 (1) 사회적 혜택을 받지 못하는 학생들을 위한 보조금 지급, (2) 출생률 저하에 따른 재능 교육 책정, (3) 고등교육의 국제화, (4) 교육-직업 간의 부조화 격차 감소가 있다. 또한 대만 정부는 APEC회원들과의 민간 및 공공 부문의 협조를 통하여 교육정책 효과 를 극대화하고자 하는 목표를 가지고 있다. 그리고 ‘지역 경제 통합’과 ‘녹색 성장’이라는 주제로 APEC에 국가 간 교육적 협력을 강화하기 위하여 다양한 제안을 성명하고 있다. Chinese taipei has implemented Key educational policies in Chinese Taipei such as (1) 12-year Compulsory Education, (2) Technological and Vocational Education, (3) Reform Project, (4) Integrated Kindergarten and Nursery School Policy, (5) Criteria for Establishing and Closing of Universities, (6) Strategies for Universities to Achieve International Recognition of Excellence. And there are expected results. (1) Grants Awarded to Disadvantaged Students, (2) Talent Education Measures in Response to Our Declining Birth Rate, (3) Internationalization of Higher Education, (4) Reducing the Education-Job Mismatch Gap. To be place in better position about this issue Chinese Taipei tries to corporate with APEC economies. Besides, Chinese Taipei has Recommendations for educational cooperation in APEC in relation to Regional Economic Integration (RED and Green Growth. Information Education for Elementary and Junior High Schools, Mandarin Chinese Teaching, Strengthened Mechanisms Regarding Student Internships between APEC member ,economies and Chinese Taipei, Working together for Green Growth.

Induction of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) Enzymatic Activity Contributes to Interferon-Gamma Induced Apoptosis and Death Receptor 5 Expression in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Chung, Ting Wen,Tan, Kok-Tong,Chan, Hong-Lin,Lai, Ming-Derg,Yen, Meng-Chi,Li, Yi-Ron,Lin, Sheng Hao,Lin, Chi-Chen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) has been used to treat various malignant tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the direct anti-proliferative activity of IFN-${\gamma}$ are poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the in vitro antitumor activity of IFN-${\gamma}$ on two human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines, H322M and H226. Our findings indicated that IFN-${\gamma}$ treatment caused a time-dependent reduction in cell viability and induced apoptosis through a FADD-mediated caspase-8/tBid/mitochondria-dependent pathway in both cell lines. Notably, we also postulated that IFN-${\gamma}$ increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and enzymatic activity in H322M and H226 cells. In addition, inhibition of IDO activity by the IDO inhibitor 1-MT or tryptophan significantly reduced IFN-${\gamma}$-induced apoptosis and death receptor 5 (DR5) expression, which suggests that IDO enzymatic activity plays an important role in the anti-NSCLC cancer effect of IFN-${\gamma}$. These results provide new mechanistic insights into interferon-${\gamma}$ antitumor activity and further support IFN-${\gamma}$ as a potential therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of NCSLC.

Effects of spray operating time on spray cooling heat transfer performance and surface hydrophilicity using Al2O3 -water nanofluid

Tong-Bou Chang,Tsung-Han Lin,Jhong-Wei Huang 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.6

An experimental investigation is performed into the two-phase spray cooling heat transfer performance of Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid given three different nanoparticle concentrations (0, 0.001 and 0.05 vol%) and three different spray operating times (10, 20 and 30 hours). The results show that for an Al 2 O 3 concentration of 0 vol% (i.e., pure DI water), the spray operating time has a negligible effect on the heat transfer performance. However, for Al 2 O 3 concentrations of 0.001 and 0.05 vol%, the heat transfer coefficient decreases with an increasing spray operating time. For the nanofluid with 0 vol% Al 2 O 3 , the spray operating time has only a small effect on the surface hydrophilicity. However, for the nanofluids with nanoparticle concentrations of 0.001 and 0.05 vol%, respectively, the surface hydrophilicity increases with an increasing spray operating time. Furthermore, the surface hydrophilicity also increases with an increasing nanoparticle concentration for a given spray operating time. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results reveal the presence of a nanoparticle layer on the sprayed surfaces with a higher heat flux. The thickness of the deposited layer increases with an increasing spray operating time, and leads to a lower heat transfer performance and a higher surface hydrophilicity as a result.

In ovo feeding of creatine pyruvate alters energy metabolism in muscle of embryos and post-hatch broilers

Tong Yang,Minmeng Zhao,Jiaolong Li,Lin Zhang,Yun Jiang,Guanghong Zhou,Feng Gao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.6

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) on the energy metabolism in thigh muscle of embryos and neonatal broilers. Methods: A total of 960 eggs were randomly assigned to three treatments: i) non-injected control group, ii) saline group injected with 0.6 mL of physiological saline (0.75%), and iii) CrPyr group injected with 0.6 mL of physiologi-cal saline (0.75%) containing 12 mg CrPyr/egg on 17.5 d of incubation. After hatching, 120 male chicks (close to the average body weight of the pooled group) in each group were randomly assigned to eight replications. The feeding experiment lasted 7 days. Results: The results showed that IOF of CrPyr increased glucose concentrations in the thigh muscle of broilers on 2 d after injection (p<0.05). Compared with the control and saline groups, the concentration of creatine in CrPyr group was increased on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Moreover, IOF of CrPyr increased the creatine kinase activity at hatch and increased the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Chicks in CrPyr group showed higher mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and GLUT8 on the day of hatch (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that IOF of CrPyr was beneficial to enhance muscle energy reserves of em-bryos and hatchlings.