벼에 대한 돈분뇨 혐기성 소화액비의 시용기준 연구

임동규,박우균,권순익,남재작,박백균,김승환 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.4

가축분뇨물 혐기소화하여 메탄가스를 생산하고 난 다음 혐기성 소화액비를 비료자원으로 활용하기 위하여 농가포장에서 액비의 시용기준을 구명하였다. 벼 생육상황은 분얼기 및 출수기에 액비 70%+화학비료 30% 및 액비 100%구의 경수만 타 처리구보다 약간 많았다. 시기별 식물체 중 절진소함량은 표준시비구가 생육초기에 기비 및 분얼비의 영향으로 타 처리구보다 높았다. 벼 수량은 액비 70%+화학비료 30% 및 액비 100%구가 표주시비구보다 약간 증수되었으나, 액비 50%+화학비료 50%구는 표준시비구보다 약간 낮았다. 수확기 질소흡수량, 시비질소 효율 및 시비질소 이용율은 수량이 많았던 액비 70%+화학비료 30% 및 액비 100%구에서 높았다. 시기별 토양 중 NH_4-N함량 및 NO_3-N함량 변화는 표준시비구 및 액비 50%+화학비료 50%구가 생육초기에만 타 처리구보다 약간 높았다. 시기별 관개수 중 NH_4-N함량 변화는 분얼비의 영향으로 급격히 증가하였다가 급격히 감소하였는데 증가한 시기에는 표준시비구 > 액비 50%+화학비료 50%구가 타처리구보다 높았으나, NO_3-N함량은 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 시기별 침투수 중 NH_4-N함량 및 NO_3-N함량 변화는 무비구가 생육초기에 타 처리구보다 약간 높았는데, 이것은 벼 생육불량에 의한 양분흡수가 적어지면서 상대적으로 지중으로 침투가 많았기 때문인 것으로 생각다. 따라서 혐기성 소화액비의 적정 시용기준은 표준시비량의 질소성분 70%을 액비로서 전량기비로 사용하고, 나머지 30% 질소성분을 화학비료로 분얼비 10% · 수비 20% 시용하는 것이 효과적이었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the proper application level of anaerobic digestion waste water on rice. The waste water was from methane fermentation of pig manure to use as a liquid manure. The mixture treatment of 70% liquid manure and 30% chemical fertilizer (LM 70%+CF 30%) and 100% liquid manure (LM 100%) treatment were higher number of tiller than other treatments at the both tittering and heading stages of rice. The yields of LM 70%+CF 30% and LM 100% treatments were a little higher than that of NPK treatment, but the mixture treatment of 50% liquid manure and 50% chemical fertilizer (LM 50%+CF 50%) was a little lower yield than NPK treatment. The periodic changes of the NH_4-N and NO_3-N contents of the NPK and the LM 50%+CF 50% treatments in paddy soil were a little higher than those of other treatments at the early stage of rice. The NHL_4-N contents of NPK and the LM 50%+CF 50% treatments in irrigation water quality were higher than those of other treatments, however there was no difference in NO_3-N content among the treatments. The NH_4-N and NO_3-N contents of non fertilizer treatment in infiltration water quality were leached a little higher than those of other treatments. It may be due to poor growth of rice following to reduce the nutrient uptake by rice and to increase relatively the nutrient leaching to the ground water. The proper application level of anaerobic digestion waste water as a liquid manure could be suggested to apply LM 70%+CF 30%. All treatments were the same amount of nitrogen content for the standard application amount on rice.

벼에 대한 돈분뇨 혐기성 소화액비의 사용적량 구명

임동규,박우균,권순익,남재작,이상범 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.4

가축분뇨를 혐기성소화하여 메탄가스를 생산하고 난 다음 혐기성 소화액비를 비료자원으로 활용하기 위하여 농가포장에서 액비의 시용적량을 구명하였다. 벼 생육상황은 액비 100%+화학비료구가 전 시기를 통해 가장 양호하였으며, 그 다음으로 표준시비구가 분얼기에만 양호하였으나 그 이후에는 표준시비구·액비 100%구 및 액비 150%구 간에는 서로 차이가 없었다. 시기별 식물체중 전질소함량은 분얼기 및 출수기에는 추비의 영향으로 표준시비구가, 유수형성기에는 액비 100%+화학비료구가 높았다. 벼 수량은 액비 100% 및 150%구들이 표준시비구와 비슷하거나 약간 증수되었으며, 액비 100%+화학비료구는 고중의 증가 및 도복으로 인하여 표준 시비구보다 수량이 오히려 약간 낮았다. 수확기 질소흡수량은 표준시비구가 가장 높았고 ,시비질소 효율은 액비 100%구에서, 시비질소 이용율은 액비 100%+화학비료구에서 높았다. 시기별 토양중 NH₄-N 및 NO₃-N함량 변화는 액비 100%+화학 비료구가 타 처리구보다 높았다. 시기별 관개수 중 NH₄-N 및 NO₃-N함량 변화는 분얼비의 영향으로 급격히 증가하였다가 급격히 감소하였는데, 증가한 시기에는 표준시비구 및 액비 100%+화학비료구가 가장 높았다. 시기별 침투수 중 NH₄-N함량 변화는 액비 150%구들에서 많이 용탈되었구 NO₃-N 함량은 액비에 화학비료를 추비한 구들에서 많이 용탈되었다. 혐기성 소화액비는 액비 중의 질소성분을 분석하여서 표준시비량의 질소성분에 맞추어 시용하여야 한다. This study was carried out to evaluate the proper application amount of anaerobic digestion waste water and the environmental influence on rice. The waste water collected after methane fermentation process of pig manure was used as a liquid manure. Liquid manure 100%+chemical fertilizer 30%(LM 100%+CF 30%) treatment was the most favorable at all growth stages of rice. The LM 100%+CF 30% treatment was applied to 100% amount of liquid manure which was correspond to the same amount of nitrogen for the standard application amount on rice, with adding 30% amount of chemical fertilizer(urea) at tillering stage. The yields of rice in the treatments of 100%(LM 100%) and 150% amount(LM 150%) of liquid manure were similar or a little higher than NPK treatment, but LM 100%+CF 30% treatment was less than the NPK treatment due to the increase of straw weight and plant lodging. In periodic changes of the NH_4-N and NO_3-N contents, the LM 70%+CF 30% treatment in paddy soil was the highest in all treatments. The NPK and the LM 100% treatments in irrigation water quality were higher than other treatments. In infiltration water quality, M44-N content was leached out much in the LM 150% treatment and NO_3-N content was in the LM 100%+CF 30% treatment. The proper application amount of anaerobic digestion waste water as a liquid manure must be to analyse the nitrogen content of the waste water and to apply the same amount of nitrogen for the standard application amount on rice.

급성 림프구성 백혈병 환자에서 아스페르길루스 감염을 동반한 호중구감소성 소장결장염에 의한 작은창자 천공

강동백,임태수,박원철,윤기중,이정균 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2008 圓光醫科學 Vol.23 No.2

저자들은 급성 림프구성 백혈병 치료 도중 아스페르길루스 감염을 동반한 호중구감소성 소장결장염에 의한 작은창자 천공을 경험하였다. 급성 림프구성 백혈병의 항암화학치료 중 발생 할 수 있는 호중구감소성 소장결장염은 다양한 위장관 증상을 보일 수 있으며, 이에 대한 발생 가능성을 고려하여 적극적인 조 기진단과 이에 대한 적극적 치료가 필요하며, 면역기능의 저하로 아스페르길루스 등의 진균 감염이 발생할 수 있으므로 호중구감소성 소장결장염의 치료에 증상의 호전이 없을 때 항진균제를 포함한 광범위한 치료가 고려되어야 한다. Though advancesin imumosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy which have lead to increased survival of leukemia and transplant patient, but the risk of infectious complication has been increasing. Neutropenic enterocolitis is a life threatening complication of chemotherapy for malignancies such as leukemia or lymphoma. Symptoms of neutropenic enterocolitis are nonspecific and it may rapidly lead to intestinal peforation. Aspergilus infection could involve the gastrointestinal tract as a result of neutropenia and mucosal injury after imumosuppressive therapy, chemoetherapy, or antibiotics use, but rarely reported a small bowel perforation combined aspergillus and neutropenic enterocolitis. We present a rare case of ileal perforation caused by neutropenic enterocolitis combined with aspergillus infection during chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia with a review of the literature.

흰쥐 Nucleus Raphe Magnus에 투여한 Morphine이 척수 Serotonin 유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이신재,임요한,최영님,김형룡,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1991 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.15 No.1

It is known that the interaction between opioid neuron and serotonergic neuron in bulbospinal pathway has an important role on pain control. This experiment was perfomed to directly measure the release of serotonin into spinal cord superfusates before and after the microinjection of morphine and its antagonist, naloxone into the NRM of rats. High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to quantitate the amine. The injection of morphine into the NRM induced a significant increase in the amount of serotonin released in the spinal cord, which was reversed after the intraperitioneal injection of naloxone. These results support the proposal that : the analgesia produced by morphine microinjected into the NRM is mediated by the activation of spinally projecting serotonergic neuron.

하수슬러지 중 노말핵산추출물질(HEM)함량 분석 및 토양 사용시 연간 오염부하량 추정

남재작,박우균,임동규,이상학 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.1

하수슬러지 중에 존재하는 HEM에 대해 분석하고, 이를 토양에 사용할 때 발생하는 연간 오염부하량에 대해 추정하였다. 전국의 하수처리장에서부터 수집된 하수슬러지 시료 84점에 대해 분석한 HEM의 평균함량은 27.7±26.5 g/㎏이었고, 최소 1.05에서 최대 194 g/㎏을 나타내어 분석시료간에 큰 편차를 보였다. 하수 처리장이 위치한 도시의 규모에 따라 5단계로 나누었을 매 HEM의 함량은 광역시, 대도시, 중도시, 소도시, 농촌지역에 각각 22.7±16.7, 33.3±25.8, 22.0±8.7, 31.0±30.8, 27.7±25.1 g/㎏을 나타내었다. 미국 EPA의 하수슬러지 토양시용량 기준을 적용하여 농경지, 산림, 공공용지, 개량용지로 분류하고 각각 7,000, 26,000, 18,000, 74,000 ㎏/㏊ (건물량 기준)를 하수슬러지 최대 사용량으로 가정하여 HIM의 연간 오염부하량울 계산하였다. 건물량 기준으로 시용량이 7,000 ㎏/㏊인 농경지의 경우 최대 1,032 ㎏/㏊의 HEM 부하량을 나타내었고, 개량용지 시용기준인 74,000 ㎏/㏊를 적용한 경우 HEM의 연간 오염부하량은 10,908 ㎏/㏊으로 추정되었다. 그 외 산림기준을 적용할 때는 최대 3,832㎏/㏊, 공공 용지 기준을 적용할 때는 최대 2,653 ㎏/㏊의 연간 오염부하량이 추정되었다. To estimate annual pollutant loading rate of n-hexane extractable material (HEM) to soil 84 sewage sludge samples were analyzed. The average content of HEM was 27.7±26.5 g/kg, and ranged from 1.05 to maximum 194 g/kg. According to the number of population of the city the areas were classified as five regions, i.e. big, large, middle, small, and rural area in which the waste water treated plants were grown. The contents of HEM were 22.7±16.7, 33.3±25.8, 22.0±8.7, 31.0±38.8, 27.7±25.1 g/kg, in big, large, middle, small, and rural area, respectively. The applicated areas with sewage sludge to land also were divided as 4 sites by US EPA criteria such as agricultural, forest, public contact sites, and reclamation site. The quantitation of annual pollutant loading rate was estimated using a function (99 percentile concentration = X￣+ 30) when the application amounts were in dosages of 7,000, 26,000, 18,000, 74,000 kg/ha in 5 regions, respectively. The annual pollutant loading rate of HEM to soil by sewage sludge application was maximum 1,032, 3,832, 2,653, and 10,908 kg/ha in agricultural, forest, public contact sites, and reclamation site, respectively.

체외충격파 쇄석술 시행 후 5년 뒤 발생한 요관 협착 및 농신장 1예

이현승,권균홍,조용건,김봉진,임창섭,김자영,허동,임학 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

A 40-years-old woman was admitted to this hospital with flank pain and high grade fever for 2 weeks. As a matter of her past history, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed for treatment of renal stones 5 years ago. Her abdominal CT findings were hydronephrosis with pyonephrosis and renal stones. Antibiotics administered for 5 days had no effects on her symptom improvement. A right ureteral stricture was noticed by ultrasonography follow up. We inserted double J stent and continued antibiotics therapy for 10 days, and then her fever was disappeared and flank pain was improved. ESWL is one of the most important treatment of renal and ureteral stone. However, its complications should not be negligible including bleeding, pain, ureteral obstruction, infection and so on. Complications of ESWL can be divided into acute and chronic courses. When we treat pyelonephritis patient with past history of ESWL, possibility of ureteral stricture must also be considered. In this study we report a case of pyelonephritis caused by ureteral stricture, possibly as a chronic complication of ESWL performed 5 years earlier

A Study on the Experiential Response of Short-Form Video Users

Lim, Dong Kyun The Institute of Internet 2021 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.10 No.4

As society gradually enters a virtual, non-face-to-face society, the use of online content is increasing as well. In particular, as smartphones are thoroughly established in our daily life, the platforms of webtoons, mobile broadcasting, and education are shifting from personal computers to smartphones. Recently, the development of the Over-The-Top media service (OTT service) enabled streaming services of various media contents through the internet and activation of IPTV. Therefore, the rapid increase of popularity of short-form content is a natural phenomenon with smartphone platforms with fast, improvised, and endless communication. Lately, TikTok became the favored platform with prosumers, defined as people who are both producers and consumers. In this study, I studied the experiential response of YouTube and TikTok users as representative examples of a short-form content platform developed after the 2000s, the flourishing years of digital content with a length of 30 seconds.

A Novel Surrogate-Assisted Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm for an Electromagnetic Machine Design

Dong-Kuk Lim,Dong-Kyun Woo,Han-Kyeol Yeo,Sang-Yong Jung,Jong-Suk Ro,Hyun-Kyo Jung IEEE 2015 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.51 No.3

<P>To design electric machines, the motor performance, cost, and manufacturing have to be considered. Hence, researchers have called this the multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem in which the goal is to minimize or maximize several objective functions at the same time. In order to solve the MOO problem, various algorithms, such as nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II and multi-objective particle swarm optimization, have been widely used. When these algorithms are applied to the electric machine design, much time consumption is inevitable due to many times of function evaluations using a finite-element method. To solve this problem, a novel surrogate-assisted MOO algorithm is proposed. Its validity is confirmed by comparing the optimization results of test functions with conventional optimization methods. To verify the feasibility of its application to a practical electric machine, an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor is designed.</P>

A Study on the Experiential Response of Short-Form Video Users

Dong Kyun Lim 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2021 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.10 No.4

As society gradually enters a virtual, non-face-to-face society, the use of online content is increasing as well. In particular, as smartphones are thoroughly established in our daily life, the platforms of webtoons, mobile broadcasting, and education are shifting from personal computers to smartphones. Recently, the development of the Over-The-Top media service (OTT service) enabled streaming services of various media contents through the internet and activation of IPTV. Therefore, the rapid increase of popularity of short-form content is a natural phenomenon with smartphone platforms with fast, improvised, and endless communication. Lately, TikTok became the favored platform with prosumers, defined as people who are both producers and consumers. In this study, I studied the experiential response of YouTube and TikTok users as representative examples of a short-form content platform developed after the 2000s, the flourishing years of digital content with a length of 30 seconds.

Effect of Manufacturing Method and Acidifier on the Dissolution Rate of Carvedilol from Solid Dispersion Formulations

Lim, Dong-Kyun,Bae, Jeong-Woo,Song, Byung-Joo,Jo, Han-Su,Kim, Hyoung-Eun,Lee, Dong-Won,Khang, Gil-Son The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 2011 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.41 No.6

In this study, we demonstrated the release behavior of carvedilol with the content of polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30) and the effect of citric acid and fumaric acid as acidifiers on the release behavior of drug. In addition, it tries to inquire into the release behavior difference of the carvedilol according to the manufacturing method. The release behavior of the tablets was compared with Dilatrand$^{(R)}$ in the simulated gastric fluid (pH1.2). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were characterized for the physicochemical properties of the tablets. In case of mixing the carvedilol and PVP K-30, in case the ratio of the carvedilol and PVP K-30 was 1:5, the release behavior was the highest among. As well as the dissolution rate of tablets manufactured by lyophilization and rotary evaporator was higher than physical mixture. The dissolution rate of containing acidifiers was more improved. But, rather the excessive amount of the acidifier addition reduced the dissolution rate.