Synthesis of full concentration gradient cathode studied by high energy X-ray diffraction

Li, Yan,Xu, Rui,Ren, Yang,Lu, Jun,Wu, Huiming,Wang, Lifen,Miller, Dean J.,Sun, Yang-Kook,Amine, Khalil,Chen, Zonghai Elsevier 2016 Nano energy Vol.19 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nickel-rich metal oxides have been widely pursued as promising cathode materials for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Nickel-rich lithium transition metal oxides can deliver a high specific capacity during cycling, but can react with non-aqueous electrolytes. In this work, we have employed a full concentration gradient (FCG) design to provide a nickel-rich core to deliver high capacity and a manganese-rich outer layer to provide enhanced stability and cycle life. <I>In situ</I> high-energy X-ray diffraction was utilized to study the structural evolution of oxides during the solid-state synthesis of FCG lithium transition metal oxide with a nominal composition of LiNi<SUB>0.6</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.2</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. We found that both the pre-heating step and the sintering temperature were critical in controlling phase separation of the transition metal oxides and minimizing the content of Li<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> and NiO, both of which deteriorate the electrochemical performance of the final material. The insights revealed in this work can also be utilized for the design of other nickel-rich high energy-density cathode materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solid-state synthesis of FCG cathode is investigated by <I>in situ</I> XRD. </LI> <LI> Covariance analysis and Rietveld refinement are used to analyze the HEXRD data. </LI> <LI> Synthetic optimization of FCG cathode with excellent electrochemical performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Benefit from the covariance analysis and Rietveld refinement of <I>in situ</I> HEXRD data during the solid state synthesis, we can optimized the solid state synthesis conditions in a short time. And the full concentration gradient cathode composites (nickel-rich core and manganese-rich outer layer) with excellent electrochemical performance are obtained.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The preparation, performance and lithiation mechanism of cobalt-doped zinc oxide as a high performance anode material for LIB

Yue Li,WanWan Li,Minhua Fang,XiaoLin Yao,Chao Chen,Miao Shui,Jie Shu,Yuanlong Ren 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.8

Zn1-xCoxO (0 x 0.15) anode material was prepared by an easy polyacrylamide assisted sol-gel route. The successful replacement of Zinc by Cobalt within Cobalt content x 0.09 was confirmed by structural characterization. The introduction of Cobalt element greatly improved the electro-chemical performances of the matrix Zinc oxide. Without carbon coating, at the 20th cycle, Zn0.91Co0.09O anode still preserved a capacity a little bit more than 1000 mA h g1 and a capacity more than 600 mA h g1 was retained at the end of the 50th cycle. Better rate capability was also witnessed. The SEM, EIS at OCV, CV and in situ XRD were further carried out to elucidate the lithiation mechanism. The role Cobalt doping played can be summarized as follows: the stabilization of the Li2Zn phase, the minimization of charge transfer resistance and the enhanced reversibility of the reduction from metal oxide to metal.

CPN을 이용한 객체지향 소프트웨어 테스트 케이스 생성 기법

이인혁,구연설 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2006 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.14 No.1

객체지향 소프트웨어의 상속성, 다형성 등의 특성들은 소프트웨어 데스팅에 어려움을 증가시키고 객체의 생성, 삭제, 동적바인딩, 상호작용 등의 동적인 면들은 프로그램의 실행 시간에 한 멤버 함수의 호출이 여러 멤버 함수에 바인딩 될 수 있다. 정적분석을 통하여 테스팅 정보를 얻는 방법들은 동적바인딩에 의한 불확실성을 다룰 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 시각적인 페트리 넷 (Petri Net)의 확장버전으로서 시스템의 모델링과 시뮬레이션에 전형적으로 사용되는 CPN(Colored Petri net)을 이용한 객체지향 소프트웨어 객체들의 상호작용을 테스트하기 위한 테스트 케이스 생성 기법을 제안한다. The attributes of inheritance, polymorphism and others increase the difficulties for testing the object-oriented software. There are several active methods such as creation, deletion, dynamic binding, interaction and so on. And these cause that calling a member function can be bound with several member functions in the program running time. So there need the testing methods that can extract the information of testing the object-oriented software by doing the static analysis about these uncertain features. In this paper, we propose a technique of generating the test case for testing the interactive objects of the object software. In this technique, we use a CPN(Colored Petri Net) that is a specific visual Petri Net expanded version and usually used to system modeling and simulation.

Activation of formyl CH and hydroxyl OH bonds in HMF by the CuO(1 1 1) and Co₃O₄(1 1 0) surfaces: A DFT study

Ren, Jun,Song, Kai-he,Li, Zhenhuan,Wang, Qiang,Li, Jun,Wang, Yingxiong,Li, Debao,Kim, Chan Kyung Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.456 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The first principle calculations with on-site Coulomb repulsion U terms were carried out to investigate the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) adsorption on the CuO(1 1 1) and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(1 1 0) surfaces, two widely used oxidation catalysts. The adsorption of HMF molecule is energetically favoured in both cases, and HMF is more inclined to bridge adsorption via hydroxyl and formyl groups binding with surface O and metal sites. Moreover, the adsorption energy relies on both the coordination type of surface lattice oxygen to which the H atom binds and the formation of H-bond involving hydroxyl and formyl groups on the adsorbed HMF. Also, the hydroxyl OH bond breaking is very easy and is likely to be the first step in HMF oxidation, and then the OH insertion reaction to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The corresponding experimental results also show that the CuO and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> surfaces are promising candidate catalysts.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CuO(1 1 1) and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(1 1 0) surfaces catalyze the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). </LI> <LI> Initial binding was formed through bridged-adsorption with O atoms in HMF. </LI> <LI> Oxidation reaction proceeds through the OH bond breaking pathway. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Schematic potential energy diagram for the formyl CH and hydroxyl OH bonds of HMF dissociation on CuO(1 1 1) and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>(1 1 0) surfaces. Obviously, the hydroxyl OH bond breaking is easier than that of the formyl CH bond on the two surfaces, which indicates the first step of oxidation of HMF to FDCA should be hydroxyl OH bond breaking.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Structural health monitoring of innovative civil engineering structures in Mainland China

Li, Hong-Nan,Li, Dong-Sheng,Ren, Liang,Yi, Ting-Hua,Jia, Zi-Guang,LI, Kun-Peng Techno-Press 2016 Structural monitoring and maintenance Vol.3 No.1

This paper describes the backgrounds, motivations and recent history of structural health monitoring (SHM) developments to various types of engineering structures. Extensive applications of SHM technologies in bridges, high-rise buildings, sport avenues, offshore platforms, underground structures, dams, etc. in mainland China are summarily categorized and listed in tables. Sensors used in implementations, their deployment, damage identification strategies if applicable, preliminary monitoring achievements and experience are presented in the lists. Finally, existing problems and promising research efforts in civil SHM are discussed, highlighting challenges and future trends.

A PORTABLE INTELLIGENT ELECTROCARDIO INSTRUMENT (PIECI)

Li, Ren Xian,Teng, Ji Quan,Tan, Jia Yu,Zhao, Xi Lin 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1

This paper relates to the principle of PIECI controlled by single chip microcomputer. It is widely used in person's life for its portable, small and lower price. It is the result of computer technics combined with experience in clinic. The structure diagrams and some mathematics modes are given in this paper. Also, the software system function, pseudo difference reconizing and processing technics is dis-cussed in the article.

The Decomposition and Optimization of the Global Query of Heterogeneous Database System Based on Neural Network Technique

Ren-qing Li,Zhong-de Yu 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-

To decompose and optimize a global query perfectly is very hard in the field of heterogeneous database integration. Although there are a lot of methods about the decomposition and optimization of global query, but very few reliable work is reported in this area. This paper describes a new method of decomposition and optimization for integral query of heterogeneous database based on neural network technique. This method can decompose a global query into subqueries promptly and optimize these subqueries effectively. Its feasibility has been verified in a simplified heterogeneous database system.

Nutritional Characteristics and Active Components in Liver from Wagyu×Qinchuan Cattle

Li, Ru-Ren,Yu, Qun-Li,Han, Ling,Cao, Hui Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.2

We investigated nutritional characteristics and active components in the liver of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle and Qinchuan cattle produced in Shaanxi (China). We observed significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate composition of protein, fat, carbohydrate, total energy, and glycogen. Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver showed higher (p<0.05) sodium, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations than Qinchuan cattle liver. The amino acid composition of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver was richer (p<0.05) in 13 types of amino acids, with the exception of Asp (10.06%), Val (5.86%), and Met (1.72%). Total essential amino acids accounted for almost half the composition (39.69%) in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver. Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver had lower (p<0.05) levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (18.2%), but higher (p<0.05) levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (35.11%), compared with Qinchuan cattle liver (23.29% and 28.11%, respectively). The thrombogenic index was higher in Qinchuan cattle liver (0.86) than in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver (0.70), and the glutathione (38.0 mg/100g) and L-carnitine (2.12 ${\mu}M/g$) content was higher (p<0.05) in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver than in Qinchuan cattle liver (29.8 mg/100g and 1.41 ${\mu}M/g$, respectively). According to the results obtained, the liver of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle, which is insufficiently used, should be increasingly utilized to improve its commercial value.

Reviews on innovations and applications in structural health monitoring for infrastructures

Li, Hong-Nan,Yi, Ting-Hua,Ren, Liang,Li, Dong-Sheng,Huo, Lin-Sheng Techno-Press 2014 Structural monitoring and maintenance Vol.1 No.1

The developments and implementations of the structural health monitoring (SHM) system for large infrastructures have been gradually recognized by researchers, engineers and administrative authorities in the last decades. This paper summarizes an updated review on innovations and applications in SHM for infrastructures carried out by researchers at Dalian University of Technology. Invented sensors and data acquisition system are firstly briefly described. And then, some proposed theories and methods including the sensing technology, sensor placement method, signal processing and data fusion, system identification and damage detection are discussed in details. Following those, the activities on the standardization of SHM and several case applications on specific types of structure are reviewed. Finally, existing problems and promising research efforts in the field of SHM are given.

Dietary maifanite supplementation did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in growing pigs

Li Li Bai,Dong Xu Ming,Shu Ren Dong,Zhong Yue Yang,Wen Hui Wang,Shuai Zhang,Xiang Shu Piao,Ling Liu,Fenglai Wang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary maifanite supplementation and fecal collection method on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and blood parameters in growing pigs. Methods: Thirty-six growing barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire; 27.0±2.6 kg) were allotted to six dietary treatments with 6 pigs per treatment according to body weight in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were: i) Low Ca+cornstarch (2.25%), ii) Low Ca+maifanite (2.25%), iii) Medium Ca+cornstarch (1.42%), iv) Medium Ca+maifanite (1.42%), v) High Ca+cornstarch (0.64%), and vi) High Ca+maifanite (0.64%). Feces were collected by the total collection (TC) and indicator method (IM). At the beginning and the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from each pig. Results: For the TC method, there were no difference in Ca intake, fecal Ca output, Ca retention and the ATTD of Ca between cornstarch and maifanite diets at the same dietary Ca level. However, urinary Ca excretion was lower (p = 0.01) in pigs fed low Ca diets without maifanite supplementation compared with other dietary treatments. Dietary maifanite supplementation had no effect on the P metabolism in growing pigs. For the IM method, there was no difference in Ca digestibility between cornstarch and maifanite diets at the same dietary Ca level. The ATTD of P was greater (p<0.01) in pigs fed the high Ca diet with maifanite supplementation compared with the high Ca diet with cornstarch treatment. Dietary inclusion of maifanite had no effect on blood parameters in growing pigs. Conclusion: Dietary maifanite supplementation had no effect on the ATTD of Ca and P and serum parameters in growing pigs. The IM resulted in lower digestibility values than the TC method.