Time Limits in Challenging a Tribunal’s Jurisdiction

Leng-Sun Chan,Ye-Won Han 한국중재학회 2013 중재연구 Vol.23 No.3

One of the most defining characteristics of arbitration is that an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction is established by parties’ mutual agreement. If a party to the arbitral proceedings believes that a tribunal constituted lacks jurisdiction to conduct the arbitral proceedings, it may challenge the jurisdiction of the tribunal in different ways. Although the concept of kompetenz‐kompetenz and the grounds to challenge the Tribunal’s jurisdiction are readily accepted in the arbitration community, what parties often fail to observe is the time limit imposed by the relevant laws in bringing such objections. This article aims to examine several main ways of challenging the tribunal’s jurisdiction and the applicable time limits in each scenario. The article will then focus on the consequences of a party’s failure to adhere to the strict time limits and its effect at the post‐award stage. These issues will be considered in the light of case law from different Model law jurisdictions with particular illustrations from the arbitration law of Singapore.

CLIMATOLOGY, TREND ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF SANDSTORMS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED DUSTFALL IN CHINA

SUN, LENG,ZHOU, XUKAI,LU, JUNTIAN,KIM, YONG-PYO,CHUNG, YONG-SEUNG 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2004 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.8

Based on statistical data about Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) and their associated dustfall, features of temporal and spatial distribution were studied first in this aiticle. SDS and associated dustfalls occurred most often in northern China, especially northwestern China. However, in the last two years, they have a tendency to occur on the central and western parts of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. As a result, Beijing is now among the impact areas, and the Chinese government is paying greater attention to the matter. The changing trends of SDS and associated dustfalls were subsequently analyzed. Occurrences were seen to be decreasing with the feature of fluctuation during the period of 1954-2001, but they have slightly increased since 2000. Also, climate factors related to SDS and associated dustfalls were discussed. Finally, it was recommended that methods to predict SDS in China be further studied in the future.

ENFORCING RIGHTS OVER DIGITAL ASSETS

Chan Leng Sun 한국중재학회 2023 중재연구 Vol.33 No.3

For many people, the digital domain is becoming as important as the real world. The virtual environment is no longer just a place for entertainment and leisure. Blockchain transactions are serious business. Digital assets are seen as investments, with as much real value as physical assets. Does the law protect rights in digital assets;such as cryptocurrencies and NFTs? This article discusses recent case law that expands the common law concept of property to digital assets.

An equivalent stiffness (ES) method for initial design of tube-based energy absorbers under lateral quasi-static compression

Lingyu Sun,Dingxin Leng,Juanjuan Sun,Yi Lin,Dengfeng Wang 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.2

A tube is often applied as an energy absorber in structures subject to impact loads. However, when several tubes are combined to absorbenergy, how to arrange these tubes and match their dimensions has not been investigated. We provide a novel equivalent stiffness(ES) method for the initial design of tube-based energy absorbers, in which each tube is expressed by an equivalent spring with averagepost-buckling stiffness, and these springs are connected in series or parallel or hybrid. The plastic deformation and strain energy are distributedamong them according to their relative ES value. The relationship between plastic energy and post-buckling stiffness is derivedanalytically and verified numerically. Finally, an application example is provided and the optimal tube arrangement and dimensions areobtained by combining the proposed ES method with an optimization code. The results demonstrate that this method can provide aninitial design of tube-based energy absorbers efficiently.

Time Limits in Challenging a Tribunal s Jurisdiction

Chan Leng Sun,한예원 한국중재학회 2013 중재연구 Vol.23 No.3

One of the most defining characteristics of arbitration is that an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction is established by parties’ mutual agreement. If a party to the arbitral proceedings believes that a tribunal constituted lacks jurisdiction to conduct the arbitral proceedings, it may challenge the jurisdiction of the tribunal in different ways. Although the concept of kompetenz‐kompetenz and the grounds to challenge the Tribunal’s jurisdiction are readily accepted in the arbitration community, what parties often fail to observe is the time limit imposed by the relevant laws in bringing such objections. This article aims to examine several main ways of challenging the tribunal’s jurisdiction and the applicable time limits in each scenario. The article will then focus on the consequences of a party’s failure to adhere to the strict time limits and its effect at the post‐award stage. These issues will be considered in the light of case law from different Model law jurisdictions with particular illustrations from the arbitration law of Singapore.

POSTERS / PM-007 : SERUM AND GLUCOCORTICOID - INDUCIBLE KINASE ( SGK ) IS A TARGET OF THE PI-3 KINASE STIMULATED SIGNALING PATHWAY

(Jong Sun Park),(Meredith L . L . Leng),(Patricia Buse),(Anita C . Maiyar),(Gary L . Firestone),(Brian A . Hemmings) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 1999 6th IUBMB SEOUL CONFERENCE Vol.- No.-

Characterization analysis of Rongchang pig population based on the Zhongxin-1 Porcine Breeding Array PLUS

Dong Leng,Jing Sun,Liangpeng Ge Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.10

Objective: To carry out a comprehensive production planning of the existing Rongchang pig population from both environmental and genetic aspects, and to establish a closed population with stable genetic diversity and strict pathogen control, it is necessary to fully understand the genetic background of the population. Methods: We genotyped 54 specific pathogen free (SPF) Rongchang pigs using the Zhongxin-1 Porcine Breeding Array PLUS, calculated their genetic diversity parameters and constructed their families. In addition, we also counted the runs of homozygosity (ROH) of each individual and calculated the value of inbreeding coefficient based on ROH for each individual. Results: Firstly, the results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the effective population size (N_e) of this population was 3.2, proportion of polymorphic markers (P_N) was 0.515, desired heterozygosity (H_e) and observed heterozygosity (H_o) were 0.315 and 0.335. H_o was higher than H_e, indicating that the heterozygosity of all the selected loci was high. Secondly, combining the results of genomic relatedness analysis and cluster analysis, it was found that the existing Rongchang pig population could be divided into four families. Finally, we also counted the ROH of each individual and calculated the inbreeding coefficient value accordingly, whose mean value was 0.09. Conclusion: Due to the limitation of population size and other factors, the genetic diversity of this Rongchang pig population is low. The results of this study can provide basic data to support the development of Rongchang pig breeding program, the establishment of SPF Rongchang pig closed herd and its experimental utilization.

Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed global changes in Streptococcus thermophilus during pH-controlled batch fermentations

Yali Qiao,Cong Leng,Gefei Liu,Yanjiao Zhang,Xuepeng Lv,Hongyu Chen,Jiahui Sun,Zhen Feng 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.9

Understanding global changes of physiological processes at the molecular level during the growth of Streptococcus thermophilus is essential for the rational design of cultivation media and the optimization of bioprocesses. Transcriptomics and proteomics were combined to investigate the global changes at the transcript and protein level during the growth of S. thermophilus. The expression of 1396 genes (FDR ≤ 0.001) and 876 proteins (P < 0.05) changed significantly over time. The most remarkable growth phase dependent changes occurred in the late-lag phase and were related to heterofermentation, glycolysis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, conversion between amino acids and stress response. The present results could provide theoretical guidance for high-cell-density culture, help design cultivation media, and help attain a high biomass of S. thermophilus.

<i>MIF</i> allele-dependent regulation of the MIF coreceptor CD44 and role in rheumatoid arthritis

Yoo, Seung-Ah,Leng, Lin,Kim, Bum-Joon,Du, Xin,Tilstam, Pathricia V.,Kim, Kyung Hee,Kong, Jin-Sun,Yoon, Hyung-Ju,Liu, Aihua,Wang, Tian,Song, Yan,Sauler, Maor,Bernhagen, Jurgen,Ritchlin, Christopher T. National Academy of Sciences 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.113 No.49

<P>Fibroblast-like synoviocytes mediate joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and exhibit sustained proinflammatory and invasive properties. CD44 is a polymorphic transmembrane protein with defined roles inmatrix interaction and tumor invasion that is also a signaling coreceptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which engages cell surface CD74. High-expression MIF alleles (rs5844572) are associated with rheumatoid joint erosion, but whether MIF signaling through the CD74/CD44 receptor complex promotes upstream autoimmune responses or contributes directly to synovial joint destruction is unknown. We report here the functional regulation of CD44 by an autocrine pathway in synovial fibroblasts that is driven by high-expression MIF alleles to up-regulate an inflammatory and invasive phenotype. MIF increases CD44 expression, promotes its recruitment into a functional signal transduction complex, and stimulates alternative exon splicing, leading to expression of the CD44v3-v6 isoforms associated with oncogenic invasion. CD44 recruitment into the MIF receptor complex, downstream MAPK and RhoA signaling, and invasive phenotype require MIF and CD74 and are reduced by MIF pathway antagonists. These data support a functional role for high-MIF expression alleles and the two-component CD74/CD44 MIF receptor in rheumatoid arthritis and suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway may offer a specific means to interfere with progressive joint destruction.</P>

Enhanced fermentative γ-aminobutyric acid production by a metabolic engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum

Jingbai Wen,Wanli Sun,Guihua Leng,Dan Li,Changyan Feng,Zhide Tian,Xin Wang 한국생물공학회 2024 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.29 No.1

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid with important physiological functions, which has been widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and polyamides production. The fermentative GABA production by Corynebacterium glutamicum was recognized as one of the most promising methods. However, the problems of low catalytic activity of the heterologously expressed glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and the imbalanced carbon fl ux between cell growth and GABA synthesis severely limited the GABA production by C. glutamicum . This study applied combinational metabolic engineering and catalytic condition optimization strategies to solve these two major obstacles. The secretory expression of GAD was enhanced using a bicistronic-designed expression cassette. This bicistronic expression cassette was further triply inserted into the genome by substituting the ldhA , pqo , and ack genes, thus stabilizing the expression of GAD and reducing the accumulation of by-products of lactate and acetate. A growth-regulated promoter P CP_2836 was applied to dynamically control the expression of odhA , thus controlling the α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity for balanced cell growth and GABA production. The glutamate precursor synthesis and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate supply were also strengthened by promoter substitution. Finally, through a two-stage pH-controlled fed-batch fermentation under optimized conditions, the engineered strain reached GABA titer of 81.31 ± 1.31 g/L with a yield and productivity of 0.50 ± 0.01 g/g and 1.36 ± 0.23 g L −1 h −1 , which was 4.8%, 13.6%, and 11.2% higher than that of the original strain. This study laid a solid foundation for industrial fermentative GABA production by engineered C. glutamicum .