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Lee, Seoung Soo,Kim, Byung-Gon,Li, Zhanqing,Choi, Yong-Sang,Jung, Chang-Hoon,Um, Junshik,Mok, Jungbin,Seo, Kyong-Hwan Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.16
<P>Abstract. This study examines the role played by aerosol in torrential rain that occurred in the Seoul area, which is a conurbation area where urbanization has been rapid in the last few decades, using cloud-system-resolving model (CSRM) simulations. The model results show that the spatial variability in aerosol concentrations causes the inhomogeneity of the spatial distribution of evaporative cooling and the intensity of associated outflow around the surface. This inhomogeneity generates a strong convergence field in which torrential rain forms. With the increases in the variability in aerosol concentrations, the occurrence of torrential rain increases. This study finds that the effects of the increases in the variability play a much more important role in the increases in torrential rain than the much-studied effects of the increases in aerosol loading. Results in this study demonstrate that for a better understanding of extreme weather events such as torrential rain in urban areas, not only changing aerosol loading but also changing aerosol spatial distribution since industrialization should be considered in aerosol-precipitation interactions. </P>
Comparison of silkworm powder from 3 Bombyx mori varieties on alcohol metabolism in rats
Lee, Da-Young,Cho, Jae-Min,Yun, Sun-Mi,Hong, Kyung-Sook,Ji, Sang-Deok,Son, Jong-Gon,Kim, Eun-Hee Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2017 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.35 No.1
Increased alcohol consumption is a burden on the world because it is associated with various health problems. However, the effects of silkworms on alcohol metabolism have not been studied yet. The hard-to-eat mature silkworms have become easier to ingest recently due to the development of technology, steam-lyophilising mature silkworm larvae. In this study, we investigated and compared the effects of SMSPs from three silkworm varieties, Baekokjam, Golden-silk and Yeonnokjam weaving white, golden, and light green cocoons on alcohol metabolism in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with three SMSPs (0.1 g/kg or 1 g/kg body weight) or normal diet (AIN-76A) for 2 weeks were subjected to intragastric administration of absolute ethanol (3 g/kg body weight, 3 h). Three SMSPs did not affect the final body weight and liver weight. All 3 SMSPs were effective to reduce the enzymes in alcohol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and liver damage and enzymes involved in liver damage, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Among SMSP from 3 varieties of silkworm, preadministration of 1 g/kg Baekokjam SMSP showed the most effective suppressive effect on the activities of ADH, ALDH, AST and ALT. The Baekokjam SMSP contained higher amounts of beneficial amino acids than Golden-silk or Yeonnokjam SMSP. These results suggest that Baekokjam SMSP might be used as a new and promising candidate for improving alcohol metabolism and liver injury through promoting rapid alcohol metabolism.
Hereditary and Clinical Features of Retinitis Pigmentosa in Koreans
Lee, Sun Ho,Yu, Hyeong Gon,Seo, Jong Mo,Moon, Sang Woong,Moon, Jun Woong,Kim, Sang Jin,Chung, Hum The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.6
<P>There has been no report about hereditary and clinical features of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in Koreans. To evaluate these, data were collected from 365 RP patients including age, gender, visual acuity (VA), spherical equivalent (SE) of refractive errors, funduscopic findings, color vision test, visual field score (VFS) obtained from Goldmann perimetry, and the inheritance patterns from pedigrees. Simplex RP was the most common inheritance pattern (61.9%); followed by autosomal recessive RP (17.3%), autosomal dominant RP (12.1%) and X-linked recessive RP (8.8%). Myopia was the most common refractive errors (77.5%) including 16.1% of high myopia. The most common cataract type was posterior subcapsular cataract (25.8%). Observed retinal findings included changes of retinal pigment epithelium (88.8%), bony spicule-like pigmentation (79.7%), attenuation of retinal vessel (76.2%), waxy disc pallor (12.6%), golden ring around optic disc (2.2%), epiretinal membrane (0.8%) and cystoid macular edema (0.5%). Corrected VA and refractive errors did not show any significant difference between the inheritance patterns. VFS was significantly worse in autosomal recessive RP than in autosomal dominant RP. Color vision defect was noted in 66.1% on Hardy-Rand-Rittlers color vision test. In conclusion, Korean RP patients have the indigenous hereditary and clinical features as well as the ordinary ones.</P>
Lee, Sang-Woon,Kim, Seong-Gon,Park, Young-Wook,Kweon, Haeyong,Kim, Jwa-Young,Rotaru, Horatiu Saikon Pub. Co 2013 Tumour biology Vol.34 No.3
<P>The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of cisplatin plus 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) combination therapy on oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) using cultured primary OMM cells in a tumour xenograft model. Cultured primary OMM cells were used for the MTT assay and DNA microarray. OMM cells were implanted into the submandibular glands of nude mice. The mice were then treated with cisplatin only or cisplatin plus 4-HR. Tumour size changes, survival rate and tumour metastasis were compared between the two groups by observation, micro-positron emission tomography (PET) and histological examination. In the MTT assay, the cisplatin plus 4-HR group showed significantly higher inhibition of OMM cell growth compared to the other groups (p<0.05). DNA microarray results showed significant inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 gene expression upon 4-HR application. The necropsy and micro-PET results showed that the mice from the cisplatin-only group had more distant metastases than the mice from the cisplatin plus 4-HR combination group (p=0.002). MMP-2 expression was lower in the primary tumours in the cisplatin plus 4-HR combination group than in the cisplatin-only group (p<0.001). Overall survival was longer in mice from the cisplatin plus 4-HR combination group than in the cisplatin-only group (p=0.049). In conclusion, the combined effect of cisplatin and 4-HR resulted in fewer metastases and longer survival than cisplatin-only treatment in the OMM xenograft model.</P>
Tyrosine Kinase is Involved in Hemin-Induced Pyresis
Lee, Sang-Ho,Jang, Choon-Gon,Lee, Seok-Yong The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.5
To investigate the mechanisms involved in hemin-induced febrile response, the rectal temperature of rats were measured after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of hemin, with or without antagonists. Hemin ($10\mu\textrm{g}$) elicited a significant febrile response, which lasted from 30 min, to more than 6 h, after its administration, but this was not the case with biliverdin (i.c.v.) and bilirubin (i.c.v.). The hemin-induced febrile response was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase (genistein), but not by pretreatment with an inhibitor of protein kinase C (chelerythrine) and a scavenger of iron (deferoxamine). These results suggest that tyrosine kinase is involved in the hemin-induced febrile response.
Lee, Tae-Gon,Cho, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Dae-Hyeon,Hwang, Hyun-Gyu,Lee, Ku-Tak,Hong, Chang-Hyo,Hong, Youn-Woo,Chae, Keun Hwa,Choi, Ji-Won,Kim, Jeong-Seog,Nahm, Sahn Elsevier 2019 Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol.39 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>CuO-added (1-y)(Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>K<SUB>0.5</SUB>)(Nb<SUB>1-x</SUB>Sb<SUB>x</SUB>)-yCaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics with 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1 and 0.04 ≤ y ≤ 0.055 were sintered at 970 °C. Various cubic-based polymorphic-phase-boundary (PPB) structures were formed: orthorhombic-tetragonal-cubic, and tetragonal-cubic PPB structures. The crystal structure of the specimens near Curie temperature is a mixture of <I>Pm3m</I> cubic and <I>P4mm</I> tetragonal structures and these ceramics showed ferroelectric properties. A schematic phase diagram of these ceramics has been suggested. The piezoelectric properties of these specimens were influenced by their crystal structure. All the specimens are expected to have good fatigue properties. In particular, the specimen with a tetragonal-cubic PPB structure (x = 0.04 and y = 0.045) has a large <I>d<SUB>33</SUB> </I> of 338 pC/N and a high strain of 0.17% at 4.5 kV/mm. This specimen has good temperature stability; a <I>d<SUB>33</SUB> </I> value of 300 pC/N and strain of approximately 0.12% were obtained at 175 °C, indicating that this specimen is a good candidate for use as a piezoelectric multilayer actuator.</P>