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Lee, Hyun Joo,Lee, Woo Kyung,Kang, Chan Woo,Ku, Cheol Ryong,Cho, Yoon Hee,Lee, Eun Jig Elsevier 2018 Cancer letters Vol.417 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The RB-E2F1 pathway is an important mechanism of cell-cycle control, and deregulation of this pathway is one of the key factors contributing to tumorigenesis. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Cyclin D have been known to increase in aggressive thyroid cancer. However, there has been no study to investigate effects of a selective CDK 4/6 inhibitor, Ribociclib (LEE011), in thyroid cancer. Performing Western blotting, we found that RB phosphorylation and the expression of Cyclin D are significantly higher in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cell lines as well as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines, compared with normal thyroid cell line and follicular thyroid cancer cell line. LEE011 dose-dependently inhibited RB phosphorylation and also decreased the expressions of its target genes such as <I>FOXM1, Cyclin A1,</I> and <I>Myc</I> in ATC. Furthermore, LEE011 induced cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase and cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation in ATC. Consistently, oral administration of LEE011 to ATC xenograft models strongly inhibited tumor growth with decreased expressions of pRB, pAKT and Ki-67, and also significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis. Taken together, our data support the rationale for clinical development of the CDK4/6 inhibitor as a therapy for patients with aggressive thyroid cancer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> pRB and Cyclin D were expressed high in aggressive thyroid cancer. </LI> <LI> LEE011 suppressed pRB and also decreased the expressions of its target genes in ATC. </LI> <LI> LEE011 induced cell cycle G1 arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation. </LI> <LI> LEE011 inhibited in vivo tumor growth with decreased expressions of pRB and Ki-67. </LI> <LI> We could explain the anticancer effects with the RB-E2F pathway. </LI> </UL> </P>
이선웅,고동희,진구원,박동욱,이정탁,송윤희,이상윤 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.1
서론: 과민성폐장염의 원인물질로 금속가공유는 외국의 경우 작업장의 집단발병 사례들을 중심으로 많은 보고가 되어 왔으나 우리나라에서는 아직 보고되지 않았으며,저 자들은 금속가공유에 1년간 노출된 근로자에서 발생한 과민성폐장염 1예를 발견하였기에 작업환경측정을 시행한 후 작업관련성을 평가하여 보고하는 바이다. 증례: 64세 남자 환자가 1년간 강관을 절단하는 작업을 한 후 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원하였다 노출력,임상적 소견 및 방사선학적 소견을 토대로 과민성폐장염으로 진단되었다. 작업환경 측정결과 공기 중 금속가공유,엔도 톡신,총 세균 및 곰팡이는 각각 0.531 mg/m³, 6.33 EU/m³ 100 CFU/m³ 및 75 CFU/m³이었고,금속가 공유 내 엔도톡신,총세균 및 곰팡이는 각각 1.5x10⁴EU/mL,4.6x10^(5) CFU/mL 및 1.8×10^(5) CFU/mL이었다. 고찰: 금속가공유 내의 원인항원에 대한 침강항체를 검사하지 못했으나,작업환경 측정결과 금속가공유가 일반적인 허용가능 수준 이상으로 오염되었으며,기존의 과민성폐장염 발생 사례들과 비슷한 수준 또는 그 이상으로 오염되어 있었다. 공기 중 금속가공유 농도 역사 NIOSH의 REL과 ACGIH의 NIC를 초과하고,기존의 사례들에 비해서도 대체적으로 높은 수준 이었다. 금속가공유 이외의 다른 원인에 대한 감별과 기존의 발생사례들과의 노출수준 비교를 통하여,저자들은 환자가 금속가공유에 의한 미생물 항원에 노출되어 과민성폐장염이 발생한 것으로 판단하였다. Introduction: There have been no reports of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by metal working fluids in Korea, despite their existence in other countries. Here, we report the first such case, along with an assessment of work-relatedness through exposure assessment. Case report: A 64-year old male patient visited the hospital with dyspnea after metal pipe cutting for about a year. He was diagnosed with hypersensitivity pneumonitis from the evidence of specific exposure history, clinical symptoms, and radiologic findings. The air exposure levels of the oil mist, endotoxin, total bacteria and fungus in the work environment was TWA(8-hr) 0.531 mg/m³, 6.33 EU/m³, 100 CFU/m₃ and 75 CFU/m³, respectively. The concentrations of the endotoxin, total bacteria and fungus within the metal working fluid was 1.5 X 10⁴EU/mL, 4.6 X 10^(5) CFU/mL and 1.8 X 10^(5) CFU/mL, respectively. Discussion: Although the patient did not receive a specific precipitating antibody test, the microbial concentration within the metal working fluid was higher than normal and similar to previous case reports, The oil mist level in the air exceeded the NIOSH REL and ACGIH NIC, and were similar or higher than previous cases. By excluding other causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, we concluded that the disease developed from exposure to microbial antigens in the metal working fluid.
이남구 ( Nam Ku Lee ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2003 중등교육연구 Vol.51 No.1
The purpose of this study is intended to investigate the concept, characteristics and structure of creativity, and to suggest some practical methods to stimulate creative thinking in the learning process of Social Studies. The steps in creative thinking are preparation, incubation, insight and revision. The practical methods to stimulate creative thinking are usually something like the following; 1) Utilize the pupils` motives and capitalize on their curiousties. 2) Make the activities and potential learning seem worthwhile. 3) Fit the teaching to pupils` attitudes, interests, ideals, and goals. 4) Try to create an atmosphere that encourages each pupil to try out his ideas and do his best without fear of reprisals if he makes honest mistakes or errors. 5) Show pupils you think their ideas are valuable. Treat their ideas and questions with respect. 6) Take your time. Give the class a chance to relax and to ponder. 7) Let pupils do things themselves. Autonomy is a prerequisite for effective thinking. 8) Avoid discouraging pupils. Be patient. Do not rush them. (Kyungpook National Univ.)
한국사상(韓國思想) 문화(文化) : 한재(寒齋) 이목(李穆)의 시에 나타난 지향의식(志向意識)
이구의 ( Ku Eui Lee ) 한국사상문화학회 2013 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.68 No.-
본고에서는 한재(寒齋) 이목(李穆, 1471-1498)의 시를 통하여 그의 의식세계가 어디로 지향하고 있는가를 고찰하였다. 먼저 그의 시에 나타난 형식과 내용적 특성을 들면, 첫째 그는 첩자를 사용하여 시에 생동감을 주고 있고, 이미지를 강조하고 있다. 그것은 그가 젊은 나이에 시를 지었기 때문이다. 둘째 창작 기법으로 보면, 시경육의(詩經六義) 가운데 한재는 부체(賦體)를 따르고 있다. 그는 자신의 감정을 숨기지 않고 솔직하게 표현하고 있다. 셋째 그의 시는 이미지와 리듬감을 살려 그림을 보는 것처럼 사실적이다. 전혀 꾸밈없이 자신의 주위에서 일어나고 있는 상황을 그대로 묘사하고 있다. 이는 그의 감수성이 그만큼 예민하다는 것을 의미한다. 넷째 한재의 시를 보면 밝은 이미지를 나타내는 시가 많이 있다. 그 이유는 그가 젊은 나이에 시를 지었고, 자신의 사고가 긍정적이었기 때문이다. 한재(寒齋)의 지향의식은 크게 네 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째 그는 도덕적 이상세계를 갈망하는 것이었다. 그는 요순(堯舜) 시대와 같은 왕도정치의 실현을 추구하고 있다. 둘째 그는 정명(正名)세계를 바라고 있다. 그것은 그가 보기에는 그 당시 임금이나 관리들이 자신의 본분을 지키지 않았기 때문이다. 셋째 그는 대동사회(大同社會)를 희구하였다. 이를 실현하기 위해서는 고금의 역사를 알아야 하며, 주역을 공부하여 어떻게 살아가야하는가를 터득해야 한다고 하였다. 넷째 그는 광대한 국량(局量)을 지니고 태어났다. 비록 그가 젊은 나이에 죽임을 당하였지만, 그는 가진 호걸지사요 지성(知性)의 영웅이었다. 그가 비록 당대(當代)에는 용납이 되지 않았지만, 오늘날까지 그를 추앙하는 사람이 많은 것은 선비가 갖추어야 할 덕목을 갖추고 있었기 때문이다. 그의 삶은 세상에서 좋아하여 이로운 것, 곧 예악을 따르기를 좋아하고, 사람의 선을 말하기 좋아하며, 어진 벗이 많음을 좋아하였다는 논어 의 말을 그대로 실천한 선비였다. This article is written with the purpose of contemplate Hanje(寒齋) Leemok(李穆: 1471-1498)`s indication of his ritual world by his poem. First of all, in his poem`s form and content, he had put vividness in his poem and emphasized the image by using objects. That could say because he made that poem in his youth time. Secondly, Looking at his skills about writing the poem, he didn`t hide his feeling and expressed honestly. Thirdly, his poem is like real picture because he utilized image and rhythm. He depicted frankly about situations which was happening around him. It means he was quite sensitive. Fourth, Looking at Hanje`s poem, there are many bright poems. It is because he wrote his poem when he was young, and his way of thinking is positive. Hanje`s intention of his ritual way can summary into four parts. Firstly, he was eager to have moral ideal world. He wanted to politics would succeed like Yo-Sun(堯舜) dynasty. Secondly, he wants moral and bright world. In his view, the king or officers in that time, They didn`t keep their duty. Thirdly, He desired ideal community. To achieve that community, we should know about history. Studying astrology and letting know about how to live the life. Forth, He was born with great talent. Though, he was killed so early, he was courageous and had fortitude, and hero of wise. He wasn`t not respected in that time, But he`s respected by many people in these days, Because he had personality and characters which erudite people should have had Lee-Mok(李穆) followed good manners and gladness. He liked to talk about kindness of people and have wise friends. He was a great scholar who acted the Discourses of Confucius. So many people like his life.
李九義(Lee, ku-eui) 동아인문학회 2016 동아인문학 Vol.34 No.-
설총의 출생지는 구체적으로 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 그의 아버지인 원효가 압량군(押梁郡) 출생이기 때문에 아버지의 고향을 따라 압량, 곧 경산(慶山)이라 한다. 기존의 논자들은 설총의 「화왕계」가 설화라 하였지만 이는 맞지 않는 말이다. 「화왕계」가 설화가 아니라 설총이 직접 지은 창작품이다. 그 서술 방법이 간접화법으로 마치 다른 사람이 지은 것처럼 하였다. 그것은 자신의 주장을 보다 객관화하기 위해서였다. 이 「화왕계」는 설총과 신문왕이 주고받은 대화내용의 전개부(展開部)에 해당한다. 서두는 신문왕이 설총에 대한 특별한 이야기를 듣고 싶다는 요구이다. 그 결말은 신문왕이 설총이 말한 「화왕계」를 듣고 그 자신이 설총에게 한 약속 부분이다. 곧, 서두→본문→결말의 3단 구성을 하고 있다. 본문 부분, 곧 전개부는 크게 나누면 3단 구성이지만, 이를 세분하면 5단으로 구성되어 있다. 이는 현대소설의 구성과도 서로 닮았다. 단지 그 분량 면에서 차이가 있을 뿐이다. 설총이 이 「황왕계」를 통하여 드러내고 있는 그의 지향의식은 크게 세 가지를 들 수 있다. 첫째 왕이 음란(淫亂)하지 말라는 것이다. 둘째 훌륭한 인재의 등용이다. 셋째 설총의 최종목표는 인의(仁義) 정치와 여민락(與民樂)의 시행이다. 인의정치는 바로 왕도정치(王道政治)이다. 이러한 그의 목표가 신문왕에게 전달되었다. 이 작품은 조선시대 여러 작품에 영향을 주었다. 이들은 구성면에서 보면, 설총(薛聰)의 「화왕계(花王戒)」에서 진일보(進一步)하였다. 특히 이익(李瀷)의 「화왕가(花王歌)」가 구성과 지향의식(志向意識) 면에서 설총의 작품과 대단히 유사하다. This thesis is an inquiry into the structure and meaning of Seolchong’s Hwawangye. There is no specific clue that where his birth place is. However, it might be interpreted that his hometown could be Kyungsan because his father (Wonhyo) was from ApRayng. All precedent philosophers assumed that his work is a sort of a tale, but this is not the truth. Indeed, Hwawangye is not a tale and it is his own creation. In order to generalize his opinion, he used passive voice in his work. This work is drawn from the dialogue that he had with the king called Sinmun. In the introduction part of the article, the king requested Seolchong that he wanted to hear a special story about the writer. The conclusion shows that the emperor promised something to Seolchong after listening to Hwawangae. Thus this article has a 3step structure that is the introduction -main paragraph- the conclusion. The main paragraph consist of 5 segments. This structure is similar to the composition of modern poems. But, it has only difference in the length of the article. On the other hand, there are 3 aims that Seolchong’s article depicts. Firstly, the king should not be deviant or a pervert. Secondly, hire intellectuals. Lastly, his final aim was to accomplish the politics of principles of royalty. Furthermore, the practice of idealism. The politics of principles of royalty means that monarchy. These aims conveyed well to the king. In conclusion, his work influenced many poets in the Chosun dynasty. By looking at the structure and the consciousness of inclination, Hwawangae is the type and example. Especialy, Lee-Ik’s Hwawanga is almost similar to Seolchong’s work.
직업적 연폭로에서 혈중 연량 수준에 따른 선별검사로서의 혈중 ZPP 검사의 타당도
한구석,안현철,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1
In order to evaluate the validity of current screening criteria of lead exposure and to provide effective information for the better health management of lead workers, author investigated the interrelationship between blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and evaluate the validity of blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test and blood lead as gold standard of diagnostic test. The total of 2245 lead workers (male workers: 1982, female workers : 263) from 12 lead using industries were studied. Blood lead, ZPP, hemoglobin and hematocrit were selected as lead exposure variables. Personal information on sex, age and work duration were also checked. Blood lead was measured with flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (model: Hitachi 8100) using standard addition method. Blood ZPP was measured with portable hematoflurometer (model: Aviv 206). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean blood lead of all lead workers were 0.7±14.3㎍/㎗(Male: 31.0±14.4㎍/㎗, Female: 28.2±12.9㎍/㎗), whereas the mean blood ZPP of those were 68.1±47.5㎍/㎗(Male: 63.9±43.7㎍/㎗, Female: 100.1±61.0㎍/㎗). The mean value of hemoglobin and hematocrit of all lead workers were 14.5±1.5g/㎗(Male: 14.7±1.3g/㎗, Female: 12.3±1.2g/㎗) and 45.4±3.6(Male: 46.2±2.8, Female: 39.5±3.1) respectively. 2. Validity of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as screening test for blood lead levels of 30㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 50 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 50 and 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. While those test for blood lead levels of 40㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers, those test for blood lead levels of 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 or 70 and 100 ㎍/㎗ ZPP respectively, showing 60and 70 or 80 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. 3. Predictive value of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test for different blood lead levels of 30, 40, 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that positive predictive value of screening test were decreased by the increase of blood lead level regardless of csreening criteria value ZPP and negative predictive value of screening test were increased accordingly regardless of screening criteria value of ZPP. On the other hand, within same blood lead level as a gold standard positive predictive values were inceased by the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP, whereas the negative predictive value were decreased accordingly by the the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP. 4. The correlation analysis of all lead workers among study variables revealed that CPbB and natural log transformation ZPP(LZPP) were better correlated with other variables and found to be better estimate than PbB and ZPP themselves. The age was correlated with all other variables, but the work duration was not. The correlation analysis of male and female workers among study variables revealed the same results with all lead workers. 5. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in female workers(3.223)was steeper than in male workers(2.144). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But there was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable)with ZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were higher than 30㎍/㎗and 40㎍/㎗ were steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗ and 40㎍/㎗. 6. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead. 7. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in female workers(0.0308was steeper than in male workers(0.0253). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But where was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. While the slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable) with LZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were hogher than 30㎍/㎗ was not steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗, there was no slope difference between two groups whose blood lead were less than 40㎍/㎗ and more than 40㎍/㎗. 8. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead, but the difference was not significant then that of CPbB and ZPP. With above results, it is recommended that the screening criteria value of ZPP should be down to 60-70㎍/㎗ from 100㎍/㎗ for male lead workers and screening criteria of ZPP for female lead workers was all right with current value of 100㎍/㎗. So it is recommended to make different screening criteria of ZPP for male and female workers like the hemoglobin and hematocrit screening criteria. It is also preferable to use CPbB and LZPP rather than uncorrected PbB and ZPP in the evaluation of lead exposure for lead workers.
이구의 ( Ku Eui Lee ) 한국사상문화학회 2012 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.65 No.-
This article is written because of investigate to Hoogye Kim bum(后溪 金範: 1513-1566)`s spiritual sphere who hasn`t gotten certain concern from many scholars. He was erudite scholar who contained filial piety, reverence, loyalty and confidence(孝悌忠信) in his mind which was basement of ethics. He practiced Confucian ethics from education. He succeeded humanism based on the theory of the unite of the Man and the Heaven. He was autonomy and voluntary moreover his spirit was general and widespread. He tried to live together with people his mind was neither intolerant nor complicated. He wanted to hold his ideal not for himself but to the worlds. He intended to humans communism back grounded by humanism his view of world is an idea of grand alliance. He emphasized theory of conscience and true character which is one of four the boundary of The metaphysics of human nature and natural law`s. He insists to meditate inside preservation and education of one`s conscience and true character. He said there is feature inside no feature. On his articles, the theory of assertion of reason or definite view of morale don"t appear properly. The view of his theory is similar to Toigye(退溪) Leehwang(李滉) or Choochi(朱熹). The different is alluding to an ancient fables and pharases. On using of old historical occurrence, his articles used much more super-humanistic consciousness than Toigye(退溪). It means the sphere of his consciousness is generous. This is the significant of the history of Korean literature in classical Chinese. 본고는 아직까지 학자들의 주목을 받지 못 한 후계 김범(1513-1566)의 시에 나타난 정신세계를 고찰하는 것을 목표로 집필되었다. 그는 어려서부터 효제충신(孝悌忠信)의 기본 덕목을 다 갖춘 선비요 교육자였다. 그는 교육을 통하여 도학을 실천한 선비였다. 그가 인문정신(人文精神)을 바탕으로 인류의 보편성을 지향하고 있다. 그의 세계관은 바로 대동사상(大同思想)이다. 그는 성리학의 4대 범주 가운데 심성론(心性論)을 강조하고 있다. 그가 내면의 수양, 존심양성(存心養性)을 주창하고 있다. 그가 무극(无極)이 태극(太極)이라는 주돈이(周 敦이)의 이론을 시로 형상화 하였다. 그는 형체가 없는 가운데 형체가 있다고 하였다. 그의 작품을 통해 볼 때, 주리(主理) 또는 주기(主氣)의 이론(理論)이 구체적으로는 드러나지 않고 있다. 그의 이론이 퇴계(退溪) 이황(李滉)이나 송(宋)나라 주희(朱熹)의 주장과 많은 부분에서 일치한다. 차이점은 용사(用事) 면에서 볼 때, 퇴계보다 유학이 아니 다른 학문 분야 곧 초 인문정신(超 人文精神)을 담고 있는 작품에서도 용사하고 있는 점이다. 이는 정신영역의 폭이 그만큼 넓다는 것을 입증한다. 이것이 한문학사상(漢文學史上) 그의 위상(位相)이다.
박희등(Hee Deung Park),박정구(Jeong Ku Park),이재선(Jae Seon Lee),심웅섭(Woong Seop Sim) 한국식물학회 1995 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.38 No.4
Binary vectors, pBI-ActR1, pBI-ActF1 and pBSH-ActR1, were constructed using pGA642, the replication origin of pTil2 and the rice actin promoter. The sizes of pBI-ActR1, pBI-ActF1 and pBSH-ActR1 were 12.9 kb, 13.2kb and 11.95 kb, respectively. These vectors containing a rice actin promoter followed by a GUS structural gene could induce strongly the expression of GUS gene in transformed rice cells. Rice explants form 3-4 day old seedlings after germination were cocultured with A. tumefaceins harboring pBI-ActR1, pBI-ActF1 or pBSH-ActR1, and then GUS expression in the explants was assayed. Transformation of rice explants by these binary vectors was tissue-specific, such that the meristematic regions of shoot apex, root and hypocotyl were transformed by these binary vectors.
李龜喚,崔斗壽 新羅大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.23 No.-
After world war Ⅱ, with the container revolution the combined transport system appeared, then many problems were brought out in the field of transportation of goods which had no great significance in the earlier times. To cope with them the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has come to codify 「Incoterms 1980」after many times amendments, which includes trade terms-FRC·DCP·CIP, used for the contracts of Sale based on the combined transport system. In this thesis, I lightened the essence of FRC·DCP·CIP contracts, the main issues in the performance of the contracts, that is, property transfer and passing of risk from view point of jurisprudence. Under FRC contract the seller and buyer become exporter and consignor respectively, under DCP·CIP contract the seller becomes exporter and consignor, arranges the contracts of transport and insurance, and pays freight and insurance costs as under CFR·CIF contracts. But the characteristics of FRC·DCP·CIP contracts in the light of transport system depended upon the course of contacts performance. Under the former contracts the extent of obligation on all costs and the time of property transfer and passing of risk are defined by the concept-under the custody of the first carrier, which is compared with that-ship's rail under the latter contracts. The amounts of trade by the combined transport system is on the increase, but the adoptation of FRC·DCP·CIP terms is seldom, therefore the countermeasures and improvements are required. Firstly, the United Nations Convention in International Multimodel Transport of Goods(1980) should come into effect and new insurance system for the combined transport system be enacted. Secondly, combined transport document, insurance policy should be characterized by negotiability and document of title, which enable the buyer to the price of goods by documentary bill of exchange. Then the benefit of finance would be guarantees /by use of the evidential documents. Thirdly, the FRC·DCP·CIP usages should be developed with the accumulation of trade customs and juridical precedents.