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연폭로 근로자들에서 흡연 및 보건행태학적 변수가 주관적 자각증상에 미치는 영향
이성수,김화성,리갑수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1997 순천향산업의학 Vol.3 No.1
To investigate the effect of smoking and drinking habit on the health status of lead workers, 220 male workers in lead using industries and 210 male controls were selected for this study. Selected study variables were lead in blood (PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in blood (ZPP), delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine(DALA), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct). Questionnaire for lead related symptoms (15 symptoms) and smoking and drinking habit was provided to all the workers and filled up by themselves and reconfirmed by physician. The results obtained were as follows; 1. While smoking and drinking rate of lead exposed group were 77.7% and 75.8%, respectively, those of control group were 53.3% and 35.7%, respectively. 2. Mean values of lead exposed indices of lead workers was significantly different from other group. 3. In exposed workers, there was significant differences of DALA between smoker and non-smoker. 4. The neuromuscular symptom prevalence of lead exposure was higher in lead exposed group than non-exposed group. 5. Symptom prealence of lead exposure were higher in drinking and smoking group than non-drinking and non-smoking group. 6. While logistic analysis of positive neuromuscular symptom with categorized blood lead and age, smoking, drinking as categorized independent variables indicated that only blood lead (>40㎍/㎗) was significantly contributed to dependent variable with 95% significant odd ratio confidence interval, logistic analysis of positive constitutional symptom with same categorized independent variables indicated that only age (>40years) was significantly contributed to dependent variable. And logistic analysis of total symptom with same categorized independent variables indicated that blood lead (>40㎍/㎗) and age (>40years) were significantly contributed to dependent variable.
이병국,황규윤,장봉기,김용배,리갑수,안현철,김화성,이성수,안규동,박종범 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1
The inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the heme synthetic pathway results in increased protophoryphyrin (ZPP) and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and is responsible for some of toxicological effects of lead. This enzyme is coded by the ALAD gene containing 2 co-dominant alleles. The polymorphisms of ALAD gene may be related to differential effects of lead on ZPP and ALA, ALAD genotype was measured in 975 Korean male lead workers, of whom 897 were homozygous for ALAD1 (ALAD 1-1 genotype) and 96 were heterozygous for ALAD2 (ALAD 1-2 genotype). Blood lead in subjects with ALAD1 was significantly higher than those with ALAD2 (p = 0.01). No difference between ALAD genotypes was found for age, exposure duration, ZPP, ALA, hemoglobin, hematocrit, body mass index, tobacco and alcohol use. After adjustment for possible confounders, ALA and ZPP became significantly elevated in ALAD1 subjects (p = 0.004 and 0.055, respectively). This result suggests that ALAD1 subjects may be more susceptible to the hematotoxicologic effects of lead than ALAD2 subjects.
인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자들의 유산소 운동이 지질성분 변화에 미치는 영향
이정섭,김갑구,이재우,이정탁 대구보건대학 2001 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.21 No.-
Analysis of cholesterol concentration based on training type presents high in Walking group at 10min but low at recovery 30min. HDL-C Concentration based on training type presents higher at training 10min and recovery 10min than that of jogging group. LDL-C Concentration based on training type presents higher in walking group during stability period but presents high in jogging group at training 30min. However, jogging group presents high at recovery 10min.
무보수 호흡용 보호구 착용이 2차 제련 연작업자들의 연폭로지표에 미치는 영향
이영구,황보영,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1997 순천향산업의학 Vol.3 No.1
It is often impossible to improve working condition in small scaled lead industries due to inherent old work process and lack of capital to improve it. This is particularly true in secondary smelting industries in Korea. Alternative ways to protect workers in these industries are respiratory protection and job shift if at all possible to less harmful workplace. This study intended to evaluate the effect of maintenance free respirator and job shift of lead workers to other non-lead workplace on the level of lead exposure of workers in terms of blood zinc protoporphyrin as an index of lead absorption and intoxication of lead workers. Seventy three workers of one secondary smelting industry whose work duration was more than 4 months were studied. All workers were classified into 4 groups such as managemental workers(8), non-lead workers(14), lead workers(44) and shift workers(7). Personal data such as age and work duration were collected and air concentration of lead in each workplace were also measured. Blood ZPP was chosen as an index of biological monitoring and was measured regularly once a month for 5 months study period. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There were no significant differences of mean blood ZPP during 5 months study period in management workers and non-lead workers showing the range of 23.1-26.5 ㎍/100ml and 22.2-24.2 ㎍/100ml respectively. 2. Rapid reduction of mean blood ZPP from first month (203.0 ± 106.7 ㎍/ 100ml) to third month (128.4 ± 75.1 ㎍/100ml) was noticed and after 3 months period there was no further reduction of blood ZPP in lead workers. 3. The initial mean blood ZPP of shift workers who moved to non-lead workplace was 394.3 ± 114.9 ㎍/100ml and their mean blood ZPP were steadily decreased every month from 344.3 ± 98.4 ㎍/100ml of first month to129.9 ± 33.5 ㎍/100ml of 4th month). 4. The average reduction rate of blood ZPP based on initial blood ZPP was 37.0% in lead workers for 3 months period and 67.1% in shift workers for 4 months period. With above results it was observed that respiratory protection and work shift could protect lead workers from lead exposure by reducing lead exposure in secondary smelting industry which had fairly bad working condition. But for a complete prevention of lead poisoning, it has certain limitation and should be used as an interim method until fundamental engineering control of workplace.
업종에 따른 연 취급 사업장의 기중 연 농도 및 연 노출 수준 평가
이병국,김용배,리갑수,안현철,김화성,이용진,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1
In order to obtain an useful information for health management and biological monitoring of lead exposed workers, Authors tried to investigate air lead level and the lead exposed level of workers in lead industry according to occupational category. The subjects in our study were 2074 workers in 7 lead-using industries, and study subjects were divided into 4 occupational categories such as storage battery industry (type 1), primary smelting industry (type 2), secondary smelting industry (type 3) and litharge making industry (type 4). Blood zincprotoporphyrin concentration (ZPP), blood lead concentration (PbB) and urinary δ -aminolevulinic acid (ALAU), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. Personal variables such as age, work duration were also collected. The results were as follows. 1. The geometric mean air lead in 9 lead-using industry was 0.1133±4.3120 ㎎/㎥, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 0.1038±3.4952 ㎎/㎥, 0.0429±3.4329 ㎎/㎥, 0.1877±2.5123 ㎎/㎥ and 0.9961±5.2910 ㎎/㎥, respectively. 2. The mean ZPP in 9 lead-using industry was 53.1±28.0 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 52.0±24.8 ㎍/㎗, 48.0±16.4 ㎍/㎗, 109.8±85.6 ㎍/㎗ and 74.3±37.8 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in ZPP according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose ZPP were above 100 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 4.0%, 1.7%, 34.3% and 21.6%, respectively. 3. The mean PbB in lead-using industry was 26.0±11.2 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 25.3±11.1 ㎍/㎗, 26.7±8.8 ㎍/㎗, 50.3±15.2 ㎍/㎗ and 36.4±11.0 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in PbB according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose PbB were above 40 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 10.4%, 7.7% 71.9% and 43.2%, respectively. 4. While the correlation of Hb corrected PbB with ZPP was higher than non corrected PbB, the correlation of log-transformed ZPP with PbB was higher than non corrected ZPP. 5. Simple linear regressions of PbB and corrected PbB as independent variable with ZPP, log-transformed ZPP and ALAU as dependent variable were statistically significant (P0.01). Coefficient of determination of corrected PbB with other variables was higher than non corrected PbB. As the result of this study, it was suggested that reconsideration of environmental and biological monitoring program was highly recommended for secondary smelting and litharge making industry.
연작업자들의 신기능 평가에서 요중 δ-aminolevulinic acid 측정의 의의
이병국,이숙,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1
To clarify the effect of occupational lead exposure on renal function 241 lead workers working and 56 non lead workers were studied in 5 lead acid battery industries. Study variables for renal effect were urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG), urinary total protein(U-TP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(S-Cr), and serum uric acid(S-Ua). On the other hand, blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood(ZPP), and delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine(δ-ALA) were selected for the variables of lead exposure. Information on age, work duration, smoking and drinking history were also obtained. The results obtained were as follows. While the mean values of lead exposure indicators of lead workers were significantly different from non-exposed ones, the mean values of BUN, U-TP and S-Cr of renal function indicators of exposed were also different from non-exposed. BUN, U-TP and NAG showed statistically significant correlation with PbB and ZPP, and NAG revealed also statistically strongly significant correlation with δ-ALA. On multiple regression using renal fuction indicators as a dependent variable and δ-ALA, age, work duration,lead exposure,smoking and drinking as independent variables, only δ-ALA contributed to NAG.
새로운 연노출의 효과지표로서의 혈장 δ-aminolevulinic acid 측정의 유용성
이금원,황보영,김용배,리갑수,이성수,장봉기,함정오,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 2001 순천향산업의학 Vol.7 No.1
To evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of plasma δ - aminolevulinic acid (ALAP) as a new effect indicator of lead exposure, the association of ALAP with blood lead, DMSA chelatable lead and bone lead with a special emphasis of genetic interaction of ALAD polymorphism was studied with 419 lead exposed workers and 85 non-lead exposed workers. Lead workers were recruited from storage battery industries, secondary smelting industries and other lead using industries and non-lead workers selected from electronic refrigerator manufacturing industry. Blood lead, DMSA chelatable lead and bone lead were chosen for parameters of lead exposure. Plasma and urinary ALA were selected for the effect parameter of lead intoxication. Information for age, smoking, drinking habit and body mass index were also obtained. Job duration for lead workers was also collected. The overall prevalence of the variant allele, ALAD type 1-2 or 2-2(ALAD2) in lead exposed workers was 10.0% (42 out of 419 lead workers) which was not differed from control workers (9.4% : 8 out of 85). The means blood lead and DMSA chelatable lead of lead workers with ALAD 1(ALAD type 1-1) were lower than those of lead workers with ALAD2, but the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the mean of tibia lead of lead workers with ALADI was higher than that of lead workers with ALAD2, but the difference was not statistically significant. DMSA chelatable lead showed highest correlation with log transformed plasma ALA(LALAP)(r=0.682) and blood lead and tibia lead had r=0.650, r=0,402 correlation coefficient with LALAP respectively On the other hand. log transformed urinary ALA(LALAU) had lower correlation coefficient with all three parameters of lead exposure than LALAP. The equation of robustic simple linear regression of blood lead on LALAP was LALAP=2.0439+0.0165PbB in ALADI lead workers and LALAP=2.031+0.0121PbB in ALAD2 lead workers. ALAD genotype in the multiple regression analysis of blood lead with LALAP after adjusting for possible confounders(sex, ago, BMI, smoking and drinking status and job duration) showed significant main effect on LALAP resulting lower LALAP in ALAD2 lead workers than ALADI lead workers. On the other hand, effect modification of ALAD genotype was observed in the multiple regression analysis of tibia lead with LALAP after adjusting for possible confounders, but there was no significant effect of ALAD genotype in the multiple regression analysis of DMSA chelatable lead with LALAP after covariate adjustment. With above results, plasma ALA was found to be a useful effect parameter of lead exposure compared with urinary ALA. It was also observed that ALAD polymorphism made significant effect on the association of blood and tibia lead with ALAP. Thc lower plasma ALA in ALAD2 lead workers suggested supportive effect of ALAD2 in lead exposure.
납 노출자에 ALAD 및 VDR 유전자의 다형성이 혈중 납과 혈압과의 관련성에 미치는 영향
리갑수,황보영,김용배,김화성,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1
To evaluate the effect of ALAD and VDR polymorphism on the relationship of blood lead with blood pressure in lead exposed workers, 801 lead exposed workers were selected. Blood lead was selected as parameters of lead dose and systolic and diastolic blood pressure using Random Zero Sphygmomanometer were chosen as blood pressure. ALAD and VDR genotype of each subject was assayed. Demographic information such as sex, age, education, past and family history, and personal habit of smoking and drinking were collected. Job duration of lead exposed workers was also obtained. The means of age and work duration of the subjects were 40.4±10.1 years and 8.2±6.5 years. The means of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the subjects were 123.2±16.3 mmHg and 75.8±11.9 mmHg. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 9.7%. ALAD2, the variant allele, in lead exposed workers was 10% and ALAD1 was 90%. For VDR genotype, the Bb or BB genotypes were 11.2%, while the bb genotype was 88.8%. The mean blood lead of subjects was 25.4±10.9 ㎍/㎗ (range 8.0-65.6). In the multiple regression analysis, blood lead was the significant positive predictor of systolic blood pressure and not the significant negative predictor of diastolic blood pressure after adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, body mass index, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, drinking and smoking habits, VDR and ALAD genotypes. Also the subjects with the VDR Bx had 2.9 mmHg higher than those with the VDR bb (p=0.09). There was no interaction of VDR and ALAD genotypes between blood lead and systolic blood pressure. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the Odd's ratio of VDR genotype(BB or Bb vs. bb) for hypertension was 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.8-3.2). This study suggests that blood lead increases systolic blood pressure controlling covariates.
연폭로 근로자들의 연폭로 수준에 따른 혈압변화에 관한 연구
리갑수,안현철,김용배,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1997 순천향산업의학 Vol.3 No.1
To evaluate the blood pressure change of lead workers by lead exposure level, authors analyzed 1,009 lead workers. Study variables were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking and drinking habit, age, work duration, blood lead concentration(PbB), ZPP, hemoglobin, BMI and cholesterol. The results were obtained as follow; 1. Means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 126.93mmHg and 74.08mmHg. Systolic pressures were significantly higher in males and drinkers than in females and non-drinkers. Blood pressure was increased as age and work duration were increased. 2. Means of PbB and ZPP were 26.79㎍/㎗, 61.38㎍/㎗ respectively. Male workers' PbB was higher than female workers', and ZPP was contrary. PbB and ZPP were increased as age and work duration were increased. Smokers' and drinkers' PbB were not different from nonsmokers' and nondrinkers' but ZPP were lower. 3. As PbB was increased, systolic pressure was increased, but diastolic pressure was not increased. 4. There were no significant increase in both systolic and diastolic pressure by increase of ZPP. 5. In pearson's correlation analysis, systolic pressure was correlate with BMI(R^(2)=0.2618), hemoglobin (R^(2)=0.1794), cholesterol(R^(2)=0.14334), PbB(R^(2)=0.12616) and alcohol consumption per week(R^(2)=0.10925). 6. In pearson's correlation analysis, diastolic pressure was correlate with BMI(r-square : 0.25037), age, hemoglobin, cholesterol and work duration, but not correlate with PbB. 7. Forward multiple regression analysis using systolic pressure as dependent variable revealed that BMI, PbB hemoglobin and cholesterol in order were significantly contributed to dependent variable. 8. Forward multiple regression analysis using diastolic pressure as dependent variable revealed that BMI, age, hemoglobin, smoking and cholesterol in order were significantly contributed to dependent variable.
제Ⅱ형 당뇨병 환자들에게 있어서 걷기, 뛰기 운동이 혈압 및 심박수 변화에 미치는 영향
김갑구,이정섭,이재우,이정탁,최석립 대구보건대학 2002 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.22 No.-
Result of analysis of walking and running training to 50-60yrs female non-insulin depentent diabetic patients presents next; Blood pressure of constriction period presents, based on training type, high during the training but is reduced during the recovery period. Analysis of heart rate based on training type presents high during the training but is reduced recovery period. In the result Exercise prescription programs for the non-insulin-depentent diabetic patients are required to maintain their Blood pressure and heart rate.