Prognostic significance of sarcopenia in advanced biliary tract cancer patients

이병민 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2020 국내석사

Purpose: Sarcopenia and systemic inflammation is getting its attention in patients with malignancy as systemic inflammation and low muscularity have great impact on the survival of cancer patients. There are few studies regarding how the sarcopenia and systemic inflammation affect the prognosis in biliary tract cancer with distant metastasis have been studied. Based on this background, we aimed to investigate the association between the sarcopenia with systemic inflammation and prognosis between the patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer. Materials and Methods: A total 353 patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer patients from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed. To evaluate the skeletal muscle mass, the computed tomography image at upper level of 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) was used. We defined the sarcopenia as follows using Japan Society of Hepatology guideline; L3 muscle index < 42 cm2/m2 for male and < 38cm2/m2 for female patients. The systemic inflammation status was evaluated using the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Patients with NLR>3 was categorized into patients with inflammatory status. The overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were analyzed. The subgroup analysis was performed those who received gemcitabine/cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy. The OS and PFS of patients who received GP chemotherapy were analyzed depending on sarcopenia and inflammatory status. Results: Patients with sarcopenia showed inferior 1-year OS compared to patients without sarcopenia (25.5% vs 38.2%, p=0.019). Concordant to other studies, the patients with high NLR (NLR>3) were associated with inferior OS than low NLR (NLR≤3) (21.0% vs 52.8%, p<0.001). Based on this results, we categorized the patients into 3 groups; patients with sarcopenia accompanied high NLR, patients without sarcopenia and low NLR, and either sarcopenia or high NLR. The OS of patients was well stratified according to this grouping (1-year OS; 18.3% vs 30.3% vs 55.8%, p<0.001). Concordant with OS results, the PFS was well stratified based on either sarcopenia or NLR (Sarcopenia; 9.5% vs 19.4%, p<0.001, NLR; 10.0% vs 23.4%, p<0.001). The PFS was significantly associated with group depending on NLR and sarcopenia (1-year PFS; 7.8% vs 13.0% vs 27.9%, p<0.001). Conclusion: We find out that the sarcopenia coexist with inflammatory status is notably associated with inferior OS and also PFS. Based on results that sarcopenia accompanied with inflammatory status has been associated with poor prognosis, the conservative treatment such as nutritional support, exercise and pharmacologic intervention would be helpful to these patients in metastatic biliary tract cancer to overcome the sarcopenia and inflammatory status.

Effect of PEF treatment on membrane permeability of carrot and its impact on dehydration and rehydration kinetics

이병민 중앙대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

당근의 건조 및 재수화 역학을 개선하는 과정에서 변화되는 펄스 전기장(PEF) 전처리의 특성을 조사하였다. 당근의 펄스 처리 조건은 1.0~2.5 kV/cm의 전계 강도(field strength)로 처리하였으며, 펄스 폭(Pulse duration)은 20 μs, 펄스주파수(Frequency)는 50 Hz, 펄스 수는 500 pulses로 고정하였다. 당근에 적용된 펄스 전계 처리를 세포막 투과도 분석기를 통해 Z-index로 표현하고 세포막 투과도를 측정하여 확인하였다. PEF 강도(field strength)가 증가할수록 세포막 투과도가 증가함을 확인하였다. 미처리 대조군(control) 및 PEF 전처리 샘플의 건조는 50 ℃에서 수행하였다. 수분 비(moisture ratio)의 가장 큰 차이는 PEF 2.5 kV/cm가 0.08, control이 0.34로 같은 시간 (2 h)에서 55.85 % 차이를 보였다. Control 및 PEF 전처리 된 샘플의 재수화는 90℃에서 수행하였다. 샘플의 수분 함량은 1 시간 재수화 시 6.4 (PEF 2.5 kV/cm)와 4.9(control)로 27.58 % 차이가 났다. 비선형 회귀 분석을 위해 Page모델 및 Peleg 모델에 건조 및 재수화 역학을 적용하였다. 각 모델은 R^2 (coefficient of determination), RMSE (root mean square error)를 사용하여 실제 값과 예측값을 비교하였다. 건조 후에 총 카로티노이드는 2.5 kV/cm에서 control 보다 34.6 % 높았고, 재수화 후에는 51.23 % 높았다. 텍스처 분석기를 사용하여 텍스처 변화(cutting force, [N])를 측정한 결과 PEF 후 control은 53.82 이며, PEF 2.5 kV/cm는 37.23 이었다. 재수화 후에는 control은 82.71 N, PEF 2.5 kV/cm는 61.29 이었으며, 이는 PEF 강도가 증가함에 따라 연화 되었다. SEM 이미지의 시각적 결과는 PEF 강도가 증가함에 따라 대조군에 비해 PEF 및 재수화 후 더 큰 공극 형태를 보였다. The characteristics of pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment that changes during the process of improving the dehydration and rehydration kinetics of carrots were investigated. The pulse electric field treatment intensity for carrots was performed at 1.0 to 2.5 kV/cm, with the pulse number of 500 pulses, the pulse width set to 20 μs, and the pulse frequency set to 50 Hz. The pulse electric field treatment applied to carrots was expressed by Z-index through a cell membrane permeability analyzer, and the cell membrane permeability was measured and confirmed. It was confirmed that the degree of cell membrane permeation increased as the PEF intensity increased. Dehydration of untreated control and PEF-pretreated sample was conducted 50 ℃. The largest difference in moisture ratio was PEF 2.5 kV/cm and untreated control, PEF 2.5 kV/cm reached 0.08, whereas untreated control was 0.34 for the same time (2 h), indicating a 55.85 % difference. Rehydration of control and PEF-pretreated samples was conducted 90 ℃. The moisture content of the sample was 6.4 (PEF 2.5 kV/cm) and 4.9 (untreated control) at 60 minutes of rehydration, which was 27.58 % different. Dehydration and rehydration kinetics were fitted to the Page model and Peleg model for non-linear regression analysis was performed. The performance of each model was analyzed based on their R^2 (coefficient of determination), RMSE (root mean square error) between the observed and predicted moisture ratio and moisture content. Total carotenoids of dehydration were 34.6 % higher at 2.5 kV/cm than untreated control, and rehydration was 51.23 % higher than that of untreated control. The texture change (cutting force, [N]) was measured using the Texture Analyzer. After PEF the untreated control was 53.82, PEF 2.5 kV/cm was 37.23. After rehydration the untreated control was 82.71, PEF 2.5 kV/cm was 61.29, which softened as the PEF strength increased. The visual result of SEM images revealed the form of larger cavities after PEF and rehydration compared to the control as the PEF strength increased

Attempts to isolate highly strained cyclic allenes in argon matrices

이병민 University of California, Los Angeles 1988 해외박사

Chapter one. 2-Diazobicyclo[3,1,0]hex-3-ene, 2-diazobicyclo[3,2,0]hept-3-ene, cis-2-diazobicyclo[3,3,0]oct-3-ene, and 2-diazotricyclo[3,3,2,0,0^(2,8)]dec-3-ene are synthesized as potential precursors for α,β-unsaturated cyclic allenes. Pyrolysis of 2-diazobicyclo[3,1,0]hex-3ene produces 1,2,4-cyclohexatriene having the allenic stretching band at 1811 cm^(-1). 1,2,4-Cycloheptatriene having the allenic stretching bands at 1851 and 1842 cm^(-1) is obtained by pyrolysis (300℃) and photolysis (λ >470 nm) of 2-diazobicyclo[3,1,0]hept-3-ene. Photolysis (λ > 470 nm) of cis-2-diazobicyclo[3,3,0]oct-3-ene and 2-diazotricyclo[3,3,2,0,0^(2,8)]dec-3ene produces tricyclo[3,3,0,0^(2,8)]oct-3-ene and 5-ethylenyl-2-methylene-bicyclo[3,2,0]hept-6-ene, respectively. Chapter two. The chemistry of diazo-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-diene and 8-diazo-spiro[4,5]deca-6,9-diene have been investigated in argon matrices. Pyrolysis of diazo-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-diene at 500℃ produces toluene, p-xylene, and o-xylene. Photolysis (λ > 470 nm) of diazo-4,4-dimethylcyclo-2,4-hexadiene produces o-xylene and ring-opened compound (6,6-dimethylpenta-3,5-dienyne). Pyrolysis of 8-diazospiro[4,5]deca-6,9-diene at 500℃ produces 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and 3-(1-cyclohexenyl)-prop-3-enyne. However, photolysis of the diazospiro compound produces 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and 5-cyclopentylidenylpent-3-enyne. Chapter three. Photolysis (λ> 470 nm) of 2-diazomethylfuran and its benzofuran derivative produces ring-opened products. However, photolysis (> 470 nm) of 3-diazomethylfuran produces furanocyclopropane 13. Photolysis (> 300 nm) of 3-diazomethylbenzofuran produces diazirine derivative (17).