일부농촌지역의 농약사용실태 및 농약중독 요인 조사

이경민,송주희,장재혁,심수정,강양화,안재경,이숭호,박미영,정문호 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.4

Object The usage of agricultural chemical is on the increasing. Use of pesticides has increased agricultural production. However, negative externalities from such use have increased too. Pesticide poisoning is a major public problem. The purpose if this study is to find out the relationship between keeping the safety rules or protective equipments or attending safety education or dose of pesticides use , and poisoning experience. Methods For Gu, H.M. and Pack, S.G. study , we obtained questionnaire data concerning pesticides poisoming. A person interviews on 203 were conducted in two villages in Sinmeari and woulbonri Chunchun , Kangwon province, July 2002. Result 1. 144 people(70.9%) have sprayed pesticides and the rata of experiences of pesticide poisoning was 26% among 144. Spraying time of pesticides was 1-2 hours in 63.9% of farmers. Rate of using the protective equipment was 25.7% (protective clothes), 49.3% (Mask), 48.6 (Gloves), 7.0 (Protective glasses), 64.6% (boots) respectively. 2. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Duration of spraying per day (<2hr) and using of mask(protective equipment)are significantly association with poisoning experience.(x^2=5.2684 p=0.0217, CI=0.140-0.5853 OR=0.346 p=0.0211 respectively). But no association between poisoning experience and keeping safety rule, attending of safety education. 3. Spraying pesticides. Duration of spraying pesticides, reading manuals and no spraying at fatigue (keeping safety rule) are significantly association with symptom experience(x^2=14.0621 p=0.0002, x^2=7.0639 p=0.0079, CI01.395-10.950 OR=3.908 p=0.0095, CI=0.101-0.726 OR=0.271 0.0094 respectively). But no association between symptom experience and protective equipments, attending of safety education.

자연휴양림의 종다양성 증진을 위한 식생관리 방안 연구 -경기도 축령산자연휴양림을 사례로-

이태선 ( Tae Sun Lee ),이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ),최병언 ( Byung Un Choi ),박석철 ( Seok Cheol Park ) 한국환경생태학회 2010 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.24 No.4

본 연구는 휴양림의 기능 향상을 위한 식생관리 방안을 제시하고자 경기도 남양주시 수동면 외방리 축령산자연휴양림을 대상으로 실시하였다. 휴양림 내 등산로 및 산책로 주변의 주요 분포종인 잣나무 인공식생지와 자연식생지인 낙엽활엽수림의 생물다양성 조사 및 분석 등을 실시하여 휴양림 기능향상을 위해 식생유형별 관리를 위한 관리방안을 도출하였다. 연구방법은 생물다양성 측면에서 식생관리, 현존식생 및 비오톱 현황, 식생유형 구분, 식생구조, 야생조류 서식구조 등의 기능검토를 실시하였다. 휴양림내 식생유형 구분은 현존식생과 비오톱현황을 기초로 잣나무 인공조림지와 자연상태의 낙엽활엽수림으로 크게 구분할 수 있으며, 등산로 및 산책로 주변 대표식생 조림여부, 식생관리 등에 따라 4개의 유형(관리되지 않은 인공 잣나무림, 관리된 인공 잣나무림, 단풍나무 비율이 높은 자연상태의 낙엽활엽수림, 관리된 낙엽활엽수림)으로 구분하였다. 식생구조 분석결과 종다양도는 낙엽활엽수림이 인공 잣나무림 보다 종다양도가 높게 나타났고 관리되지 않은 상태가 관리된 상태보다 종다양도지수가 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 야생조류 서식구조 분석결과 관리된 잣나무림은 층위구조가 빈약한 단층으로 식재되어 다양한 야생조류의 이동통로로서 부적합한 구조이고, 관리되지 않은 자연상태의 낙엽활엽수림, 잣나무림 등이 양호한 야생조류 서식구조를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 생물다양성 기능 검토에 근거하여 관리유형을 크게 보전관리와 복원관리로 구분할 수 있었다. 보전관리 중 기존낙엽활 엽수림 유지유형은 자연상태의 낙엽활엽수림 지역, 관리된 낙엽활엽수림 지역 등이 속하며 생태적 관리유형은 관리되지 않은 인공 잣나무림 지역을 설정하였고, 복원관리지역인 생태적 복원유형은 관리된 인공 잣나무림 지역으로 설정하여 식생관리 유형별 관리방안을 제시하였다. This study was supposed to offer vegetation plans for functional improvement of the recreational forest by researching Mt. Chukryong which is located at Oebang-li Sudong-Myon Namyangju Kyong-gi Province inKorea. In this study, artificial vegetation and natural vegetation near trails in recreational forest were researched through biodiversity analysis. From this analysis process, a typical management improvement of the biodiversity functions were examined by reviewing functions biotope condition, vegetation structure and wild bird community condition. Typical vegetation system was divided into four detail parts: Managed artificial Pinus koraiensis forest, Not managed artificial Pinus koraiensis forest, Natural deciduous forest and Not managed deciduous forest. As a result of the vegetation structure, the numerical value of the deciduous forest species diversity was higher than that of artificial Pinus koraiensis, and the numerical value of the managed condition was higher than that of not managed condition. As a result of a habitat structure analysis of the wild bird community, managed Pinus koraiensis forests were inadequate structure for wild birds to habit in there because the forests had weak structure layers, but unmanaged deciduous forest and unmanaged Pinus koraiensis that had diverse layers was proper places for birds to in habit. Thus, based on the functional analysis of biodiversity, management patterns of the target area were concluded in two manners: conserving management and restoring management. Deciduous forest protection target areas included natural deciduous forest area and managed deciduous forest area, ecological restoration target area included unmanaged artificial Pinus koraiensis area and restoring management target area includes managed artificial Pinus koraiensis.

다제 내성 폐렴 구균에 대한 CFC-222 의 시험관내 항균력 및 살균 속도

이혁,김종성,진정화,양지원,김신우,김성민,백경란,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

목적 : 새로이 개발된 quinolone 제제인 CFC-222와 함께 기존의 항균제들의 MIC를 비교하여 CFC-222가 항균제 내성 폐렴 구균의 치료에 사용될 수 있는 약제인지를 검증하고 아울러 in vitro time kill assay를 시행하여 CFC-222의 살균 속도를 검증하고자 하였다. 방법 : 국내 및 아시아 지역 국가에서 분리 확인된 폐렴 구균 균주 200주를 대상으로 하여 cefotaxime, CFC-222, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, 그리고 meropenem에 대한 한천희석법을 이용하여 MIC를 결정하였다. In vitro time kill assay는 총 8균주(2 penicillin-susceptible, 2 intermediate, 4 resistant)를 대상으로 시행하였고 대상이 되는 항균제는 CFC-222, sparfloxacin, penicillin G로 하였다. 결과 : 폐렴 구균 균주 200주에 대한 한천 희석법을 이용한 MIC 결과는 페니실린 MIC가 증가함에 따라 cefotaxime과 meropenem의 MIC가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Quinolone제제 중에서는, CFC-222와 sparfloxacin의 MIC_(90)이 페니실린 내성과 관계없이 0.5㎍/mL 이하로 가장 낮았다. time kill assay 결과 CFC-222는 MIC의 4배 농도에서 페니실린 고도내성 4균주 전체에 대해 8시간째 살균 효과를 보였다. 반면 sparfloxacin과 penicillin은 MIC의 4배 농도에서 12시간째 살균효과를 보였다. 결론 : CFC-222와 sparfloxacin이 가장 우수한 시험관내 항균 효과를 보였다. In vitro time kill assay 결과 CFC-222가 sparfloxacin에 비해 페니실린 고도 내성 균주에 대해 더 빠른 살균속도를 보였다. Background : CFC-222 is a new fluoroquinolone which possesses a broad antibacterial activity, being especially potent against gram-positive bacteria as well as gram negative bacteria. To evaluate the in vitro activity and the bactericidal killing rate of CFC-222 against Streptococcus pneumoniae, agar dilution test and lime-kill study was performed. Method : 200 clinical isolates were tested by agar dilution method to determine MICs of penicillin, cefotaxime, meropenern, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacm, sparfloxacin, and CFC-222. Time-kill studies were performed with 8 pneumococcal isolates (2 peni-cillin-susceptible, 2 intermediate, and 4 resistant) to compare the bactericidal activity of penicillin, sparfloxacin, and CFC-222. Results : MICs of cefotaxime and meropenem showed increasing tendency as penicillin MIC is increased. Of the quinolones tested, CFC-222 and sparfloxacin had the lowest MIC (MIC90 = 0.5 ㎎/mL), regardless of the penicillin-susceptibility of the strains. CFC-222 yielded 99.9 % killing of all penicillin-resistant strains after 8 h at 4 MIC, while penicillin and sparfloxacin were bactericidal after 12 h at 4 MIC. Conclusion : By MIC and time-kill combined, CFC-222 and sparfloxacin were the most potent agents according to the MICs, whereas CFC-222 was more rapidly bactericidal than sparfloxacin against penicillin-resistant isolates.

金井山 林道開設에 따르는 問題点에 관한 硏究

이경재,류창희,김승환,박승범 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資源硏究所 1993 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.2 No.1

Mt. Gum-Jung is a very important mountain of Pusan which is connected to the large branch of Mt. Baek-Du, range including Mt. Baek-Du, Mt. Un-Ju, Mt. Ka-Zi, Chui-Seo and Mt. Gum-Jung. It is also attached to Nak-Dong river linked to Mt. Baek-Yang and Mt. Seung-Hak. Regarding the Korean peninsula as one natural ecosystem, the large branch of Mt. Gum-Jung. Therefore, it is very important to primarily preserve it from ecological point of view. In case of constructing the forest road, the width of the road is 4 meters approximately, but the actual damaged width of the forest which includes the shoulder of both sides of the road, drainage ditches and the areas cutting the lower plants of trees, will be around 20∼28 meters. Since the forest road paved with concrete pavements and the gravel divides the ecosystem of the forests and thus destroys the ecological system, it should be paved with the natural materials, such as soils, herbals and so forth. The forests of Mt. Gum-Jung which have almost been in the 2nd transitional stage, have some areas showing active ecosystem restoration, such as Carpinus spp., so they should be preserved very thoroughly. The marshy ecosystem of about 27,720㎡ which is at the height of 600meters above sea level, west to North Gate of Mt. Gum-Jung Castle, has the high watertable formed naturally. The existence of the marshy at the near of the mountain top is a remarkably rare phenomenon, the preservation of as the marshy ecosystem is absolutely necessary. At present, this area is completely destroyed by the thoughtless use. Furthermore, the construction of the drainage due to the forest roads may cause the change of the waterable height of the marshy ecosystem. The construction of the forest road near to the to of the mountain, having th egood landscape and the historic relics, results in many problems with the landscape. Putting together, the construction of the forest roads should consider the totality of Mt. Gum-Jung instead of only considering forest preservation. Also the scientific method of a sustainable use should be sought, which fully incorporates the problems such as the width and size of the forest roads, the pavement methods and materials, and the choice of sites without ecological and landscape problems.

소아 알레르기성 자반증에 대한 임상적 고찰

이재호,고경옥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.2

Henoch-Scho¨nlein Purpura is a common pediatric disease with purpuric skin lesion, gastrointestinal and joint manifestations, and shows diffuse vasculitis in many organs pathologically. We studied retrospectively 81 cases of children admitted to the department of pediatrics of Chungnam National University Hospital(CNUH) under the impression of anaphylactoid purpura during the 5 years and 6 months from January, 1987 to June, 1992 to evaluate the clinical findings and laboratory characteristics. The results were as follows; 1) It was observed more frequently in the male as the sex ratio of 1.9 : 1. The most prevalent age group was 7 to 9-year-old(24.7%) and children of 3 to 11-year-old represented 77.8% of the total cases. 2) It occurred frequently in the spring(32.1%) and autumn(29.6%). 3) Upper respiratory tract infection was observed in 33.3% of patients, and no prodromal symptoms in 56.8%. 4) Skin lesions were observed in 100%, gastrointestinal symptoms in 64.2%, joint symptoms in 55.6%, and renal involvement in 29.6%. 5) In the skin, purpura(90.1%) were observed on the lower extremities(91.4%). 6) In the symptom of gastrointestinal tract, abdominal pain(90.2%), nausea and vomiting(25.0%), gastrointestinal bleeding(19.2%) were observed and 1 case of intussusception was observed as the complication of disease. 7) In the system of joint, knee(80%), and ankle(42.2%) joints were involved, and arthritis was observed in 69.8%. 8) Blood coagulation test and platelet counts were normal rnage and ASO titers were elevated in 25%. 9) Renal involvements were observed in 24 cases(29.6%), and both hematuria and proteinuria in 20 cases(83.3%), hematuria in 3 cases(12.5%), and proteinuria in one case(4.2%) were observed. 10) Among 24 cases with renal involvement, 11 cases(45.8%) were recovered within 1 month, and 8 cases(33.8%) showed persistent symptoms over 1 year, 5 cases(20.8%) progressed to nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy was done in 3 cases, these findings were mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with the deposition of Ig A. In conclusion, we know that the course and prognosis of anaphylactoid purpura largely depend on the renal involvement and we have to observe the patient continuousely and closely for the early diagnosis and management.

풍촌 석회암의 소성에 관한 연구

이재장,노범식,장경호,정수현 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1997 석재연 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구는 여러 가지 용도에 적합한 생석회를 생산하기 위하여 풍촌 석회석을 대상으로 소성시험을 하였다. 시료의 형상은 주로 정방형이나 때로는 구형을 나타내며, 배색 내지 회백색을 띈다. 소성시험에 사용한 시료의 크기는 45∼50㎜ 이며, 소화시험에서는 3.3mm(6mesh) 이하로 분쇄하여 소성하였다. 시료의 광물학적 특성을 보기위하여 편광현미경 관찰, X-ray 분석, 열분석을 하였다. 시료는 거의 순수한 CaCO₃이었으며, 600℃ 부터 열분해가 시작되어 850℃에서 완결되었다. 화학분석 결과 CaO 98.27%인 잠재적 순도를 갖는 생석회를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 대략 50 ㎜ 정도의 석회석은 전기로의 온도가 실온에서 1,050℃에 도달하였을 때 99%이상이 소성되었다. 이 때 얻어진 생석회는 거의 순 백색이며 갈라짐이 없었다. 소화시험 결과 ASTM C-110에 의하면 반응성이 우수한 생석회인 것을 알 수 있으며, 1분 이내의 상승온도는 63℃ 이었다. In this study, the calcination characteristics of Pungchon limestone was investigated to produce the optimum quick lime for various uses. The shape of limestone sample was mainly cubic, but sometimes longish. Approximate size range for the calcination tests was from 45 to 50 mm. For the slaking test, it was crushed by cobbing method and screened by 3.3 mm(6 mesh) screen. Mineralogical studies of the sample were carried out to investigate textures, X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal analysis. The result of chemical analysis shows a very high grade limestone with a CaO potential of 98.27%. Approximate 50 mm size's of limestone, about 250 g was calcined more than 99% when the calcination temperature arrived at 1,050 ℃ from room temperature in the electric laboratory furnace. Lumpy lime in nearly white colour with nearly no cracks was observed during calcining test. and during calcination process the limestone places kept their shape. Slaking test(ASTM C-110 ) results indicate a high reactivity product. In slaking, a 63℃ temperature rise was achieved within the first one minutes.

테니스 初步者 Stroke에 關한 硏究 : 群山市 居住 女性들의 Forehand Storoke와 Backhand Stroke를 중심으로

李栽吉,高敬坤 군산대학교 1989 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.23 No.2

After learning the beginning course, the result of the game for 30 female beginners who took part in the individual return blow and in formal match was as follows : 1. In the individual return blow, the points they allowed their opponent in a game was 21.9% in case of A -team in comparison with 47.4% in case of B-team. 2. in the informal match, the points they allowed their opponent in a game was 28.8% in case of A-team, but about 68.3% in case of B-team which showed almost 40% higher than A-team. 3. In each items of game, No hit was 11.6%, Net fault was 10.1%, Base Line out was 7,6%, Side line out was 5.2%. In conclusion, we should coach them by emphasizing more the importance of basic posture from the above result.

인산염계 내화물의 기계적 물성 및 내부식성에 대한 핵형성제 첨가효과

이덕용,이재춘,최광훈,김병균,신경숙 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The effect of nucleants was studied on the mechanical property and corrosion resistance of phosphate refractories used for high temperature inorganic binder It was found that a mixture of TiO₂ and ZrO₂ nucleants yielded not only the best corresion resistant but the highest strength phosphate refractory. However, the effects of nucleants on the mechanical property of the refractories could not be identified in this study because each sample showed different porosity which was also presumed to affect the fracture strength of the refractory.

다발성 뇌경색이 합병된 Pasteurella multocida 심내막염 1예

이남용,고재현,백경란,송재훈,천정학,김성민,이혁,김수정 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.6

저자들은 평소 건강하였던 환자에서 동물과의 접촉없이 P.multocida에 의한 세균성 심내막염이 발생하여 임상 경과 중 다발성 뇌경색이 합병되었으나, 항균제 투여만으로 완치가 되었던 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 이를 보고하는 바이다. In recent years, an increasing number of infections with Pasteurella multoida in human have been reported, causing a wide range of systemic illness. Infective endocarditis with P.multocida, however, is still quite rare. Recently we experienced a cases of P. multocida endocarditis in a 26-year old man who was admitted because of fever and headache. He denied any recent contact with animals. P. multocida was identified from blood cultures and echocardiography showed mitral regurgitation and vegetations on mitral valve area. He became stuporous on the fourth hospital day and the brain MRI showed acute cerebral infarction. He was treated with penicillin intravenously for six weeks, which successfully controlled clinical features of infections. To our knowledge, this is the first case of P. multocida endocarditis complicated with cerebral infarction in Korea.

韓·日間 異業種交流 沒入 및 經營權 承繼方式의 差異硏究

李在奎,金慶淑 韓日經商學會 1994 韓日經商論集 Vol.10 No.-

In early 1970s, some of Japanese small firms that ran different type of businesses got together and established a small group, so called Technomixing Group (TG,in Japnaese, IGYOSUKORUI) with the local government support to cope with severe, rapid changing economic environments; economic recession following oil shock in 1973, Japanese open markets policy, and capital liberalization, etc. In 1989, some Korean Small & Medium Industry Promotion Corporation(SMIPC) and several Banks. Up to now, the idea itself is well spread, but numbers of Korean Technomixing Groups(KTG), let alone the activites, are not reportedly increased well. Why? Is it because of the different national culture? Or is it because of the different economic development stage of the recipient country? The research is trying to find the reasons through comparative study between Japan and Korea. I experienced many years in observing the activities of KTGs and several times in Japan. Roughly speaking, there are some significant differences in doing TG activies ; participation rate in meeting, duration time of meeting, topics discussed, sincerity, etc. In Korea, especially in Taegu where I live, the meeting is no more than a social gathering. 10 out of total 13 TGs in Taegu were established and sponsored by Banks. Some of TGs finished a round of plant visits. After visiting manufacturing facilities, usually one of members of TG invited the rest of group to his home each other. The purpose is to understand further each other and enhance the level of trust. Sometimes they invited lawyers, medical doctors, and professors from various fields to make a speech. KTG is still under first stage that means we need more experiences and have to spend many years to do joint business or collective activities like R&D. But in spite of that I thought and observed some cultural factors which stimulate cooperative behaviors in Japan and deter the foward moving in Korea in terms of TG. Generally to say, there are some important different cultures between Japan and Korea in relation to TG. First, Japan has a long history of decentralized government system, while Korea has had a strong centralized government system over its long history. The implication for TG is that Japanese local goverments are concerned with local businesses and TG activities more than Korean local goverments. Second, Japanese businessmen, allegedly, want their companies to be taken over by efficient managers, if they think, their sons are not capable enough to run a business that means Japanese society and family is succeeded and intergrated by not necessarily blood-related descents, while Korean businessmen pass over their enterprises to their sons preferably. Third, it is argued, albeit controversial, that in doing something Japanese are more cooperative each other than Koreans are. These differences may explain the different extents of TG spread ratio between Japan and Korea. Fourth, Japanese markets and economic growth stage is more mature than those of Korea. Fifth, Japaness unique management style also helped and promoted Japanese stable network organization. To investigate whether TG is Japanese specific management technique or not, I studied further and did Cross-Tab analysis. The results show that the degree of involvement, and succession, are significantly different between Korea and Japan. Governance was insignificant. But there are conflicting results on coopertive attitudes between same kind of businesses and different kind of businesses. Over all evidence from the study indicates that the attitude of Korean businessmen toward their businesses and cooperation with others are significantly different with those of Japanese. Relatively, Japanese businessmen are more active, and more anxious to keep their firms succeeded.