http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Political Concepts and the European Convention
Guy Ledoux 한독사회과학회 2002 한독사회과학논총 Vol.12 No.2
2004년에 유럽연합은 현재 10개국의 추가 회원국을 받아들임으로써 25개의 회원국을 가진 거대한 연합으로 확대된다. 이 25개국의 연합은 경제 및 통화 통합에 더불어 영토, 외교정책, 치안 등의 분야에 있어서 공동 행동에 대한 요구가 더욱 커지고 있다. 유럽 연합의 심화와 확대는 그 미래와 관련하여 두 양립하는 논쟁을 불러일으켰다 첫 번째 논쟁은 통치(governance)에 관한 문제이고 두 번째는 근본적인 문제인 유럽연합의 정체성과 목표에 대한 것이다. 이 문제들을 논의하기 위하여 각 회원국 정부의 수반들은 유럽의 미래에 관한 협약(the Convention on the future of Europe)을 구상하였다.유럽의 확대는 냉전시대의 분할된 유럽 대륙을 종식시킬 것이다. 새로운 회원국들은 수 십 년간의 공산 통치를 이겨내고 민주주의를 이루어냈으며 이들은 주권의 일부를 유럽연합제도에 양도하기로 한 것이다. 공동 행동은 공동의 제도에 주권의 일부를 양도를 필요로 하기도 하며 정부간 협력이 효율적일 경우도 있다. 유럽 연합의 심화는 이 두 가지 상황간의 균형문제에 혼란을 불러일으킨 점이 있으나 유럽 통합 계획에 의해 추동 되는 상호간의 신뢰감은 새로운 유럽 연합 속에서 구체화될 것이며 유럽연합 시민들은 새로운 유럽연합이 유럽과 국제사회 전반에서 삶의 질을 효과적으로 촉진시킬 것으로 이해할 것이다.
윤석주,Yun, Seok-Ju,Ledoux, M. 대한기계학회 1996 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.20 No.6
Experimental and theoretical studies on the air-assist coaxial atomizer have been continuously carried out for a long time. But now the importance of the theoretical study is tending to increase as with the development of computer. This study is concerned to the spray modelization, especially, the instability of the liquid jet surrounded by the air stream which flows with high velocity. To study the phenomena of the break up, we used the linear theory based on the classical Kelvin-Helmholtz theory for capillary wave at a simple interface and we investigated the variation of liquid core radius. As a result, we obtained that the drop diameter and the variation of the liquid core radius predicted by using our model are reasonable.
S. Mouton,Y. Ledoux,D. Teissandier,P. Sebastian 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6
A key challenge for the future is to reduce drastically the human impact on the environment. In the aeronautic field, this challenge aims at optimizing the design of the aircraft to decrease the global mass. This reduction leads to the optimization of every part constitutive of the plane. This operation is even more delicate when the used material is composite material. In this case, it is necessary to find a compromise between the strength, the mass and the manufacturing cost of the component. Due to these different kinds of design constraints it is necessary to assist engineer with decision support system to determine feasible solutions. In this paper, an approach is proposed based on the coupling of the different key characteristics of the design process and on the consideration of the failure risk of the component. The originality of this work is that the manufacturing deviations due to the RTM process are integrated in the simulation of the assembly process. Two kinds of deviations are identified: volume impregnation (injection phase of RTM process) and geometrical deviations (curing and cooling phases). The quantification of these deviations and the related failure risk calculation is based on finite element simulations (Pam RTM® and Samcef® softwares). The use of genetic algorithm allows to estimate the impact of the design choices and their consequences on the failure risk of the component. The main focus of the paper is the optimization of tool design. In the framework of decision support systems, the failure risk calculation is used for making the comparison of possible industrialization alternatives. It is proposed to apply this method on a particular part of the airplane structure: a spar unit made of carbon fiber/epoxy composite.
The role of amygdala nuclei in the expression of auditory signaled two-way active avoidance in rats.
Choi, June-Seek,Cain, Christopher K,LeDoux, Joseph E Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2010 Learning & Memory Vol.17 No.3
<P>Using a two-way signaled active avoidance (2-AA) learning procedure, where rats were trained in a shuttle box to avoid a footshock signaled by an auditory stimulus, we tested the contributions of the lateral (LA), basal (B), and central (CE) nuclei of the amygdala to the expression of instrumental active avoidance conditioned responses (CRs). Discrete or combined lesions of the LA and B, performed after the rats had reached an asymptotic level of avoidance performance, produced deficits in the CR, whereas CE lesions had minimal effect. Fiber-sparing excitotoxic lesions of the LA/B produced by infusions of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) also impaired avoidance performance, confirming that neurons in the LA/B are involved in mediating avoidance CRs. In a final series of experiments, bilateral electrolytic lesions of the CE were performed on a subgroup of animals that failed to acquire the avoidance CR after 3 d of training. CE lesions led to an immediate rescue of avoidance learning, suggesting that activity in CE was inhibiting the instrumental CR. Taken together, these results indicate that the LA and B are essential for the performance of a 2-AA response. The CE is not required, and may in fact constrain the instrumental avoidance response by mediating the generation of competing Pavlovian responses, such as freezing.</P>
Statistical tolerance analysis applied on overconstrained mechanisms with form deviations
Doriane Gouyou,Denis Teissandier,Vincent Delos,Yann Ledoux 한국CDE학회 2020 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.7 No.3
One method for modeling geometric variations in hyperstatic (i.e. overconstrained) systems is to use sets of constraints. Different models have been developed in this way, e.g. domains, T-maps, and polytopes. In general, if the intersection of the contact constraints between two parts potentially in contact is nonempty, the parts can be assembled without interference, and their relative positions determined. In this study, the polytope method is used with a statistical approach to define the behavior of an assembly. In the first part, geometric variations including form deviations of individual parts are defined. The relations between these variations resulting from the architecture of a mechanism are then defined. In the second part, contact constraints are introduced and the general method to conform the constraints into double description polytopes is presented. The general process to simulate the compliance of the mechanism with respect to functional conditions is described. A failure rate is obtained for a simulated population of manufactured parts using the Monte Carlo method. In the third part, an application to a flange is described, an example from an industrial case study. We show how to take advantage of double description of polytopes when simulating the assembly and the misalignment of the two parts that make up the flange. Finally, we present our conclusions and prospects for future studies.
D. Bernard,P. Leconte,A. Gruel,M. Antony,A. Pepino,J. Di Salvo,A. Lecluze,J-F. Ledoux,C. Morel,B. Sabatin 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
The CEA is deeply involved in a research program (Material Test Reactor and Zero Power Reactor) concerning the nuclear fuel advanced studies (actinides, plutonium), the waste management, the scientific and technical support of French PWR reactors and EPR reactor, and innovative systems. In this framework, specific neutron integral experiments have been carried out in the critical ZPR facilities of the CEA Cadarache such as MINERVE, EOLE and MASURCA. This paper deals with MINERVE Pool Reactor experiments. MINERVE is mainly devoted to neutronics studies of different reactor core types. The aim is to improve the knowledge of the integral absorption cross sections of actinides (OSMOSE program). The results show a very good accuracy of JEFF-3.1.1 files except for <sup>241</sup>Am(n,γ) which seems to be underestimated by about (-6± 2)% in the thermal and epithermal neutron energy range.
Measurements of Inelastic Neutron Scattering at 96 MeV from Carbon, Iron, Yttriumand Lead
A. Ohrn,C. Gustavsson,M. Blann,V. Blideanu,J. Blomgren,S. Chiba,H. Duarte,F. Haddad,C. Kalbach,J. Klug,A. Koning,C. Le brun,C. Lebrun,F. -R. Lecolley,X. Ledoux,N. Marie-noury,P. Mermod,L. Nilsson,M. O 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Inelastic neutron scattering for ^(12)C, ^(56)Fe, ^(89)Y and ^(208)Pb have been measured at 96 MeV at the The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala and double-differential cross sections are reported. Data cover an excitation energy range of 0-45 MeV and the angular intervals are 28 - 58˚ for ^(12)C, 26 - 65˚ for ^(56)Fe and 26 - 52˚ for ^(89)Y and ^(208)Pb. In this experiment, neutron detection is based on conversion to protons in an active scintillator converter. An analysis technique in which the neutron spectra have been obtained through a folding procedure using the response of the detector system has been used. The results are compared to and are in reasonable agreement with several model predictions and with inelastic neutron scattering data at 65 MeV from University of California, Davis, USA.