Multi-Level Canonical Correlation Analysis for Standard-Dose PET Image Estimation

Le An,Pei Zhang,Adeli, Ehsan,Yan Wang,Guangkai Ma,Feng Shi,Lalush, David S.,Weili Lin,Dinggang Shen IEEE 2016 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING - Vol.25 No.7

<P>Positron emission tomography (PET) images are widely used in many clinical applications, such as tumor detection and brain disorder diagnosis. To obtain PET images of diagnostic quality, a sufficient amount of radioactive tracer has to be injected into a living body, which will inevitably increase the risk of radiation exposure. On the other hand, if the tracer dose is considerably reduced, the quality of the resulting images would be significantly degraded. It is of great interest to estimate a standard-dose PET (S-PET) image from a low-dose one in order to reduce the risk of radiation exposure and preserve image quality. This may be achieved through mapping both S-PET and low-dose PET data into a common space and then performing patch-based sparse representation. However, a one-size-fits-all common space built from all training patches is unlikely to be optimal for each target S-PET patch, which limits the estimation accuracy. In this paper, we propose a data-driven multi-level canonical correlation analysis scheme to solve this problem. In particular, a subset of training data that is most useful in estimating a target S-PET patch is identified in each level, and then used in the next level to update common space and improve estimation. In addition, we also use multi-modal magnetic resonance images to help improve the estimation with complementary information. Validations on phantom and real human brain data sets show that our method effectively estimates S-PET images and well preserves critical clinical quantification measures, such as standard uptake value.</P>

An Efficient Hybrid Routing Approach for Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks

Le, A.-N.,Kum, D.-W.,Cho, Y.-Z. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2009 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.5576 No.-

Cutting Fat Absorption to Halt Weight Regain

Lean michael Medical Publications Korea 1999 Medical Progress Vol.21 No.5

Awareness of Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors among Women in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

Keng, Soon Lean,Wahab, Syakirah Bainun Abdul,Chiu, Lim Bee,Yusuf, Azlina Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: Ovarian cancer is recognized as the fourth leading cancer in Malaysia. However, women do not always seek help in a timely manner and gaps in awareness may influence screening uptake and presentation. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of awareness of ovarian cancer risk factors in female population in Penang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Penang, Malaysia from January until February 2014. Eighty-seven women were selected by convenient sampling. Awareness of risk factors of ovarian cancer was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square test for the association between socio-demographic data and awareness. A p value ${\leq}0.05$ was considered statistically significant. Results: In all, 74.7% of participants answered correctly for the risk factor of increasing age, although 94.3% were unaware of increased risk of tall women. A majority, 71.3%, had a low level of awareness of ovarian cancer risk factors. There was a significant association between age and knowledge (p=0.047). Additionally, there was a significant association between higher education level and level of awareness of ovarian cancer risk factors (p=0.039). Conclusions: This study revealed that awareness of ovarian cancer risk factors among Malaysian women is low. The results show a need for improved public understanding about ovarian cancer risks and provision of important information for health professionals about initiatives needed for future awareness, prevention and screening programs.

Economic Integration in Asia: Quo Vadis Malaysia?

Hooi Hooi Lean,B. N. Ghosh 한국국제경제학회 2010 International Economic Journal Vol.24 No.2

Neo-liberal globalization has accelerated the space of economic integration in Asia, particularly between the rising superpowers like China and India and other Asian nations. In this connection, the paper examines the degree of economic integration between Malaysia and the rapidly developing economies of China and India on the one hand and the United States and Japan on the other. This study shows that Malaysia is more integrated with China and India than with the United States and Japan. It is not that global integration is becoming less significant in Malaysia but that regional integration is becoming more deterministic.

남중국해에서의 행동수칙 기준: 또 다른 데자뷔인가?

콜린고 ( Swee Lean Collin Koh ) 제주평화연구원 2017 JPI 정책포럼 Vol.2017 No.16

최근 아세안이 주도하여 8월 초 마닐라에서 몇 차례 열린 회의는 남중국해를 둘러싼 기대감 어린 긴장감을 적어도 일시적으로는 종식시켰다. 앞으로 약 1년간 아세안과 중국은 행동수칙 공포를 위한 협의를 진행할 예정인데 이 수칙의 공포로 이어지는 과정에 많은 불확실성이 내재되어 있다. 어떤 형태로든 궁극적으로 구체화될 행동수칙은 아세안과 중국이 남중국해에서 “평화를 구축”하는 역할을 원한다는 것을 보여줄 것이다. 그러나 그들의 기본적인 의제는 여전히 다를 것이다. 한편으로 아세안은 아시아 태평양 안보 구조에서 핵심적 역할을 할 수 있는 기구로 보여지기를 원한다. 다른 한편으로, 중국은 남중국해에서의 과거행위로 인해 세계 언론을 통해 나쁜 평판을 얻었기 때문에, 긍정적인 시각으로 묘사되기를 원하고 있고 아세안과의 행동수칙 협상과정에서 분쟁에 대한 역외 간섭을 차단하고 싶어 한다. 따라서, 행동수칙은 어느 국가든 ― 당사국이든 아니든 ― 자신들의 목적을 위해 이용할 수 있는 허점투성이의 합의안이 될 것이라 예측하는 것도 가능하다. 군비 통제의 역사는 행동수칙과 같은 기제가 지리적 범위뿐 아니라 관련된 당사자의 범위도 넓게 적용될 필요가 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이 경우에 적용 대상이 되는 것은 어느 불특정 해상지역이 아니라 전 세계의 경제적, 전략적 이해관계에 직결되는 국제해역인 남중국해이다. 남중국해의 일부 영역만 선택적으로 수칙에 포함시키거나 협상당사자를 선택적으로 제한하는 것은 이 수칙에 치명적인 결함을 초래할 것이다.

Knowledge of Sarcopenia and Associated Factors Among the Malaysian General Public: A Cross-sectional Study

Keng Soon Lean,Seman Noor Hazlisa Che,Krishnan K.Mangaikresh,Bee Chook Jack,Sook Joyce Leong Whye,Ismail Siti Fairuz,Boon Ooi Pei,Cheng Peh Suat 대한예방의학회 2023 예방의학회지 Vol.56 No.2

Objectives: Sarcopenia has emerged as a significant aging-related disease that affects many facets of societal-level and patient-level public health. This study analysed knowledge of sarcopenia and associated socio-demographic factors among the general public of Malaysia in order to effectively improve its prevention and countermeasures.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Selangor, Malaysia, using Google Forms among 202 Malaysian adults from January 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge scores. The continuous variables were evaluated using the independent <i>t</i>-test, Mann–Whitney test, and one-way analysis of variance test. The Spearman correlation coefficient was employed to determine the correlation between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge score levels.Results: The final analysis included 202 participants. The mean±standard deviation age was 49.03±12.65. Only 6.9% of participants had good knowledge of sarcopenia and were aware of sarcopenia’s characteristics, consequences, and treatments. Post-hoc comparisons using the Dunnett T3 test showed statistical significance in mean knowledge score and age group (<i>p</i>=0.011) and education level (<i>p</i>≤0.001). The Mann–Whitney test revealed that gender (<i>p</i>=0.026) and current smoking status (p=0.023) significantly influenced knowledge scores.Conclusions: The general public’s knowledge of sarcopenia was found to be poor to moderate and associated with age and education status. Therefore, education and interventions by policymakers and healthcare professionals to improve public knowledge of sarcopenia in Malaysia are needed.

가계재무관리자의 경제적 불안과 재무관리행동에 관한 연구

김미린(Kim Me-Lean),홍은실(Hong Eun-Sil) 가정과삶의질학회 2010 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.28 No.5

Association of Backfat Thickness with Postheparin Lipoprotein Lipase Activity and Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Subfractions in Growing Pigs

Loh, T.C.,Lean, I.J.,Dodds, P.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.11

Sixteen pigs from 2 distinct genetic lines (LGAH and VFIL) obtained after eight generations of divergent selection for high (H) and low (L) lean tissue growth rate with ad-libitum feeding (LGA) and voluntary feed intake (VF1), respectively, were used in this study. The objectives of this investigation were to establish appropriate working conditions for the postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) assay and to study relationships between fat deposition and plasma lipids, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids, VLDL-subfractions and postheparin plasma LPL activity in growing pigs. Four preliminary experiments were performed to determine the appropriate working conditions for the postheparin plasma LPL assays. Postheparin plasma preincubated with SDS (20-50 mM) at $26^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes inhibited hepatic lipase activity. A total of $2{\mu}l$ VLDL/assay produced maximum stimulation of LPL activity. Postheparin plasma protein and increasing incubation time contributed an optimum response. LGAH pigs had a significantly higher proportion subtraction 2 than VFIL pigs. No differences were observed in postheparin plasma LPL activity and backfat thickness for two lines of pigs. There were positive correlations between backfat thickness and proportion of subtractions 2 and postheparin plasma LPL activity but the results were not statistically significant. Backfat thickness was not statistically correlated with proportion of subtraction 2 and postheparin plasma LPL activity in a multiple regression analysis. It is believed that the apolipoprotein E, which is present in higher quantities in VLDL-subfraction 2 plays an important role for clearing VLDL triacylglycerol into adipose tissue. LPL activity of pigs can be measured by using postheparin plasma technique. If the relationships of backfat thickness and VLDL-subfraction 2 and postheparin plasma LPL activity can be established, it suggests that these parameters could be used as indicators in selection programmes. Further experiments need to be conducted by using larger sample size and different breed of pigs with greater differences in backfat thicknesses to confirm these trends.

Cold chain time- and temperature-controlled transport of vaccines: a simulated experimental study

Chun Zheng Ng,Yen Loong Lean,Siang Fei Yeoh,Qi Ying Lean,Kah Seng Lee,Amal Khalil Suleiman,Kai Bin Liew,Yaman Walid Kassab,Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi,Long Chiau Ming 대한백신학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: The objective of this research was to examine the cold chain temperature maintenance for the supply of vaccines and other biological products by pharmaceutical wholesaler. Materials and Methods: In this study, six configurations using cold vaccine boxes or bags made with different materials, with and without insulation, of different sizes, and number of coolant-packs were used to simulate the configuration used by the pharmaceutical wholesalers for transportation of vaccine. Model vaccines (vial, n=10) were packed using these six configurations which then stored in an incubator at 38ºC and monitored for 24 hours. Each configuration was tested repeatedly for 5 times. Results: In term of compliance to 2°C–8°C, four out of six tested configurations are effective in cold chain transportation. The effectiveness is highly dependent on the type of passive containers used, size of cold boxes, insulation, and number of coolant-packs. The configuration with a larger polystyrene foam box with five coolant-packs maintained the required temperature up to 23 hours. In contrast, configurations using a polystyrene foam box with four coolant-packs and a large vaccine cold box with two coolant-packs failed to reach below 8ºC throughout the 24 hours. Conclusion: Packaging method, the material and size of the container could have a direct impact on the effectiveness of cold chain temperature maintenance. Polystyrene foam box, cold box with polyethylene interior lining and polypropylene insulation, a cooler bag with proper number of ice packs could be effectively used for