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THE IRIDIUM NETWORK FOR GLOBAL PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
Pete Armbruster,Mala Laurin 에스케이텔레콤 (주) 1996 Telecommunications Review Vol.6 No.6
The recent advances in the Low Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite communication systems are taking personnel communications to new heights. The IRIDIUM Communication System (ICS) is such a global personal communication system. The system is supported by a constellation of 66 satellites in low earth orbit 780 Km above the planet, a network of earth-based "Gateway" switching installations, and a ground station to control satellite commands and telemetry. The IRIDIUM system offers subscribers hand held wireless telephony to anyone, anytime, any place. The IRIDIUM Communication System is characterized by several distinguishing attributes, among which are the inter-satellite links in the constellation, its geographically controlled system access process and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) based telephony architectrue. GSM is a popular digital cellular standard which offers a Wealth of features to subscribers and is continuously being enhanced with new features. In addition, IRIDIUM System-unique processes are incorporated to manage the dynamic nature of the satellite constellation. This paper will provide an overview of the ICS and the system call processing fundamentals upon which the network services are implemented.
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Mangoni, Matteo E.,Traboulsie, Achraf,Leoni, Anne-Laure,Couette, Brigitte,Marger, Laurine,Le Quang, Khai,Kupfer, Elodie,Cohen-Solal, Anne,Vilar, José,Shin, Hee-Sup,Escande, Denis,Charpentier, Fl Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2006 Circulation research Vol.98 No.11
<P>The generation of the mammalian heartbeat is a complex and vital function requiring multiple and coordinated ionic channel activities. The functional role of low-voltage activated (LVA) T-type calcium channels in the pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node (SAN) is, to date, unresolved. Here we show that disruption of the gene coding for CaV3.1/alpha1G T-type calcium channels (cacna1g) abolishes T-type calcium current (I(Ca,T)) in isolated cells from the SAN and the atrioventricular node without affecting the L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca,L)). By using telemetric electrocardiograms on unrestrained mice and intracardiac recordings, we find that cacna1g inactivation causes bradycardia and delays atrioventricular conduction without affecting the excitability of the right atrium. Consistently, no I(Ca,T) was detected in right atrium myocytes in both wild-type and CaV3.1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, inactivation of cacna1g significantly slowed the intrinsic in vivo heart rate, prolonged the SAN recovery time, and slowed pacemaker activity of individual SAN cells through a reduction of the slope of the diastolic depolarization. Our results demonstrate that CaV3.1/T-type Ca2+ channels contribute to SAN pacemaker activity and atrioventricular conduction.</P>
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John R. Richards,Jessica B. Gould,Erik G. Laurin,Timothy E. Albertson 대한응급의학회 2019 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.6 No.1
Cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, including tachydysrhythmia, agitation, and seizures, may arise from cocaine or bupropion use. We report acute toxicity from the concomitant use of cocaine and bupropion in a 25-year-old female. She arrived agitated and uncooperative, with a history of possible antecedent cocaine use. Her electrocardiogram demonstrated tachycardia at 130 beats/min, with a corrected QT interval of 579 ms. Two doses of 5 mg intravenous metoprolol were administered, which resolved the agitation, tachydysrhythmia, and corrected QT interval prolongation. Her comprehensive toxicology screen returned positive for both cocaine and bupropion. We believe clinicians should be aware of the potential for synergistic cardiovascular and CNS toxicity from concomitant cocaine and bupropion use. Metoprolol may represent an effective initial treatment. Unlike benzodiazepines, metoprolol directly counters the pharmacologic effects of stimulants without respiratory depression, sedation, or paradoxical agitation. A lipophilic beta-blocker, metoprolol has good penetration of the CNS and can counter stimulant-induced agitation.
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John R. Richards,Taylor L. Stayton,Jason A. Wells,Aman K. Parikh,Erik G. Laurin 대한응급의학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.5 No.4
Objective Determine differences between faculty, residents, and nurses regarding night shift preparation, performance, recovery, and perception of emotional and physical health effects. Methods Survey study performed at an urban university medical center emergency department with an accredited residency program in emergency medicine. Results Forty-seven faculty, 37 residents, and 90 nurses completed the survey. There was no difference in use of physical sleep aids between groups, except nurses utilized blackout curtains more (69%) than residents (60%) and faculty (45%). Bedroom temperature preference was similar. The routine use of pharmacologic sleep aids differed: nurses and residents (both 38%) compared to faculty (13%). Residents routinely used melatonin more (79%) than did faculty (33%) and nurses (38%). Faculty preferred not to eat (45%), whereas residents (24%) preferred a full meal. The majority (>72%) in all groups drank coffee before their night shift and reported feeling tired despite their routine, with 4:00 a.m. as median nadir. Faculty reported a higher rate (41%) of falling asleep while driving compared to residents (14%) and nurses (32%), but the accident rate (3% to 6%) did not differ significantly. All had similar opinions regarding night shift-associated health effects. However, faculty reported lower level of satisfaction working night shifts, whereas nurses agreed less than the other groups regarding increased risk of drug and alcohol dependence. Conclusion Faculty, residents, and nurses shared many characteristics. Faculty tended to not use pharmacologic sleep aids, not eat before their shift, fall asleep at a higher rate while driving home, and enjoy night shift work less.
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