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Assessment of Social Network Change in a National Longitudinal Survey
Cornwell, Benjamin,Schumm, L. Philip,Laumann, Edward O.,Kim, Juyeon,Kim, Young-Jin Oxford University Press 2014 JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCI Vol.69 No.suppl2
<P><B>Objectives.</B></P><P>This article describes new longitudinal data on older adults’ egocentric social networks collected by the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). We describe a novel survey technique that was used to record specific personnel changes that occurred within respondents’ networks during the 5-year study period, and we make recommendations regarding usage of the resulting data.</P><P><B>Method.</B></P><P>Descriptive statistics are presented for measures of network size, composition, and structure at both waves, respondent-level summary measures of change in these characteristics between waves, as well as measures that distinguish between changes associated with losses of Wave 1 network members, additions of new ones, and changes in relationships with network members who were present at both waves.</P><P><B>Results.</B></P><P>The NSHAP network change module was successful in providing reliable information about specific changes that occurred within respondents’ confidant networks. Most respondents lost at least one confidant from W1 and added at least one new confidant between waves as well. Network growth was more common than network shrinkage. Both lost and new ties were weaker than ties that persisted throughout the study period.</P><P><B>Discussion.</B></P><P>These data provide new insight into the dynamic nature of networks in later life, revealing norms of network turnover, expansion, and weakening. Data limitations are discussed.</P>
Bonavides, Krishna B.,Pelegrini, Patricia B.,Laumann, Raul A.,Grossi-De-Sa, Maria F.,Bloch, Carlos Jr.,Melo, Jorge A.T.,Quirino, Betania F.,Noronha, Eliane F.,Franco, Octavio L. Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.4
The endophytic bruchid pest Callosobruchus maculatus causes severe damage to storage cowpea seeds, leading to economical losses. For this reason the use of $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors to interfere with the pest digestion process has been an interesting alternative to control bruchids. With this aim, $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors from baru seeds (Dipteryx alata) were isolated by affinity chromatographic procedures, causing enhanced inhibition of C. maculatus and Anthonomus grandis $\alpha$-amylases. To attempt further purification, this fraction was applied onto a reversed-phase HPLC column, generating four peaks with remarkable inhibition toward C. maculatus $\alpha$-amylases. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-ToF analysis identified major proteins of approximately 5.0, 11.0, 20.0 and 55 kDa that showed $\alpha$-amylase inhibition. Results of in vivo bioassays using artificial seeds containing 1.0% (w/w) of baru crude extract revealed 40% cowpea weevil larvae mortality. These results provide evidence that several $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors classes, with biotechnological potential, can be isolated from a single plant species.