Time to Preference: Early Preference Uptake under the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement and the EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement

Lars Nilsson(Lars Nilsson ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2022 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.37 No.4

This study examines the uptake of trade preferences under the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement and the EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement during their respective first 21 months of application. The research analyzes the impact of time on the preference utilization rate of EU imports from Canada and Korea and EU exports to the two countries. The findings shed light on how EU member states perform vis-à-vis each trade partner and whether certain product groups appear more successful than others in terms of using trade preferences. The study further analyzes the potential effects of learning how to use preferences over time. Finally, the study argues that firm-pair transaction level data is necessary for discerning more conclusive answers regarding why trade preferences are (not) used. The results point to that lack of knowledge and awareness is the most plausible reason to a low use of trade preferences in the early days of an agreement. To increase preference utilization rates in the beginning as well as later during agreement implementation, continuous information campaigns appear to be essential, not least since importing and exporting firms change over time.

Monotonic loading of circular surface footings on clay

Lars Bo Ibsen,Amin Barari 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.12

Appropriate modeling of offshore foundations under monotonic loading is a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering. This paper reports experimental and numerical analyses, specifically investigating the response of circular surface footings during monotonic loading and elastoplastic behavior during reloading. By using the findings presented in this paper, it is possible to extend the model to simulate the vertical-load displacement response of offshore bucket foundations.

Hydrocyclone for Removal of Light Weight Contaminants and Air in Wastepaper and Virgin Fibre Stocks

Lars E. Kallberg 한국펄프·종이공학회 1987 펄프종이기술국제세미나 Vol.8 No.-

Two-Phase Interleaved Buck Converter with a new Digital Self-Oscillating Modulator

Lars T. Jakobsen,Michael A. E. Andersen 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper presents a new Digital Self-Oscillating Modulator (DiSOM) for DC/DC converters. The DiSOM modulator alllows the digital control algorithm to sample the output voltage at a sampling frequency higher than the converter switching frequency. This enables higher control loop bandwidth than for traditional digital PWM modulators given a certain switching frequency. A synchronised version of the DiSOM modulator is derived for interleaved converters. A prototype interleaved Buck converter for Point of Load applications has been designed and built to test the performance of DiSOM modulator. The DiSOM modulator and a digital control algorithm have been implemented in an FPGA. Experimental results show that the converter has a very fast transient response when a loadstep is applied to the output. For a loadstep of 50% of nominal output current the output voltage overshoot is less than 2.5% of the nominal output voltage and the settling time is just 8 switching periods.

Hypoparathyroidism: Replacement Therapy with Parathyroid Hormone

Lars Rejnmark,Line Underbjerg,Tanja Sikjaer 대한내분비학회 2015 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.30 No.4

Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is characterized by low serum calcium levels caused by an insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Despite normalization of serum calcium levels by treatment with activated vitamin D analogues and calcium supplementation, patients are suffering from impaired quality of life (QoL) and are at increased risk of a number of comorbidities. Thus, despite normalization of calcium levels in response to conventional therapy, this should only be considered as an apparent normalization, as patients are suffering from a number of complications and calcium-phosphate homeostasis is not normalized in a physiological manner. In a number of recent studies, replacement therapy with recombinant human PTH (rhPTH(1-84)) as well as therapy with the N-terminal PTH fragment (rhPTH(1-34)) have been investigated. Both drugs have been shown to normalize serum calcium while reducing needs for activated vitamin D and calcium supplements. However, once a day injections cause large fluctuations in serum calcium. Twice a day injections diminish fluctuations, but don’t restore the normal physiology of calcium homeostasis. Recent studies using pump-delivery have shown promising results on maintaining normocalcemia with minimal fluctuations in calcium levels. Further studies are needed to determine whether this may improve QoL and lower risk of complications. Such data are needed before replacement with the missing hormone can be recommended as standard therapy.

A 5-Month Open Study with Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dyslexia

Lars Lindmark,Peter Clough 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.4

This open pilot study investigated effects of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich supplement on learning abil-ity in a group of 20 dyslexic children in Sweden. Children formally diagnosed as dyslexic took eight capsules per day of ajective assessments by the children and their parents were completed at baseline and 6, 12, and 20 weeks after supplementa-tion. Quantitative evaluation by word-chain test was completed before and after 4 months of supplementation to measure worddecoding (speed of reading) and letter decoding (motoric-perceptual speed). Subjective parent and child assessments showedincreasing numbers of positive responders over time in reading speed, general schoolwork, and overall perceived benefit. Sig-nificant improvements were observed in reading speed and motor-perceptual velocity. Thirteen of 17 children had a signifi-cant improvement on the word-chain test (P. .04). Reading speed improved by 60% from 1.76. 0.29 before the study to2.82. 0.36 after supplementation (P. .01 by Wilcoxon sign test). Motoric-perceptual velocity improved by 23% from a sta-nine value of 3.76. 0.42 to 4.65. 0.66 after supplementation (P. .05 by Wilcoxon sign test). Thus LC-PUFA supple-mentation for 5 months provides positive and clear beneficial effect on variables usually impaired by dyslexia.

Asymmetric Futures Price Distribution and Bid-Ask Quotes

Lars Nordén 한국증권학회 2009 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.38 No.6

This study presents a model for estimating the asymmetry of the futures price with respect to the futures bid-ask spread. Analysis of Data from the Swedish OMXS 30 index futures market shows clear evidence of futures price asymmetry, where the futures price in general tends to be closer to the bid than to the ask quote. Moreover, in a futures market environment with a relatively low liquidity, the futures price tends to be closer to the bid quote, whereas the futures price is virtually symmetrically located within the futures spread when liquidity is relatively high.

Analysis of Stay Cable Vibriations for the Busan-Geoje Fixed Link

Lars Hauge,Peter Frederiksen 한국강구조학회 2005 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

COMPETETING CATEGORIES OF SERVICE INNOVATION

Lars Witell,Hannah Snyder,Anders Gustafsson,Paul Fombelle,Per Kristensson 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.3

To stay ahead in today’s competitive landscape service firms must continually innovate their offerings and processes (Thakur and Hale 2013). Spurred by this focus on innovation, there has been a tremendous growth in service firms over the past decade. Service innovation has been recognized as the engine of renewal and reason for the growth of the services sector. Although the concept service innovation is gaining increased attention, the question of what a service innovation really is remains unanswered. Traditionally, research on service innovation has separated radical and incremental innovations (see e.g. Gallouj and Weinstein, 1997), and product and process innovations (Vaux Halliday and Trott, 2010). This suggests that there are different conceptualizations that can be used to categorize service innovation. The basis of this research is a literature review. This systematic literature review is based on 879 empirical and conceptual articles used in order to identify conceptualizations of categories of service innovation. In total, 43 categories of service innovation were identified. These conceptualizations were analyzed to show what the benefits and drawbacks are with the different categories. We identify five unique conceptualizations of categories that emphasize different traits of service innovation (1) degree of change in the offering, (2) type of change in the content of the offering, (3) degree of newness in the offering, (4) type of change in the organization and (5) alternative means to an innovative offering. Our review of categories of service innovation provides evidence that the research field is diverse and moving in a number of alternative directions The results indicate that most conceptualizations of service innovation are in-ward focus and views innovations as something that is (only) new to the firm. In addition, the view that service innovations must have an effect is neglected, both in terms of effect on customer behavior and financial performance. Furthermore, this review shows that a service innovation can be anything from an improvement of a single service characteristic to the introduction of an offering that is new to the world. By showing the plethora of conceptualizations of service innovation it is possible to create a common platform to discuss and develop service innovations beneficial for the firm.

How Germany achieved unification from sudden changes in East Germany

Lars-Andre Richter 한반도선진화재단 2014 한반도선진화재단 기타 단행본 Vol.- No.-